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Shukla S, Khan R, Srivastava MM, Zahmatkesh S. Valorization of Waste Watermelon Rinds as a Bio-adsorbent for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2534-2548. [PMID: 37043124 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for remediation of various emerging contaminants have gained impetus during the last few decades. In the current study, watermelon (citrullus lanatus), a highly consumed seasonal fruit, was used as a feedstock waste biomass for biochar synthesis through valorization of watermelon rinds. The watermelon biochar (WM-BC) was synthesized through slow pyrolysis at 550°C under anoxic conditions. Langmuir model with R2>99, was found to best fit the adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model. Various characterization tools including FTIR, SEM, BET, XRD, and TEM were used to evaluate the surface morphology of the biochar. The removal efficiency increased from 35% (dosage = 0.4 g), to 81% at WM-BC dosage of 2 g. A maximum adsorption capacity of 115.61 mg/g was found. The results from kinetic and isotherm model model suggested that the adsorption was favorable and multilayer adsorption can be considered. The adsorption mechanism was found to be governed by the co-existing factors such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and aromatic interactions. Results suggest that WM-BC has high potential to be employed as an adsorbent for efficient remediation of methylene blue dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shukla
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India.
| | - Mahendra Mohan Srivastava
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Institute of Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India
| | - Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 48518-78195, Behshahr, Iran
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2
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Silva JDOS, Dos Santos JF, Granja HS, Almeida WS, Loeser TFL, Freitas LS, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, Sussuchi EM. Simultaneous determination of carbendazim and carbaryl pesticides in water bodies samples using a new voltammetric sensor based on Moringa oleifera biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140707. [PMID: 37972866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a modified electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste was developed using biochar derived from the husks of Moringa oleifera pods to detect successfully and simultaneously carbendazim (CBZ) and carbaryl (CBR) pesticides. Biochar was obtained via pyrolysis at 400 °C, which required no additional activation or modification processes. The incorporation of the biochar modifier enabled the preconcentration of both pesticides under open potential circuit conditions, resulting in a significant enhancement in sensitivity compared to bare electrode. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity to the target analytes, showing a linear relationship within the concentration range of 0.29-6.00 μM for CBZ and 29.9-502 μM for CBR. The limits of detection were calculated to be 0.12 μM for CBZ and 10.4 μM for CBR. The proposed method demonstrated remarkable selectivity for analytes even in the presence of diverse organic and inorganic species. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of CBZ and CBR pesticides in various water matrices, including river, sea, drinking, and groundwater samples, without the need for any sample pretreatment, such as extraction or filtration. The observed recoveries ranged from 87% to 111%, indicating the efficiency and reliability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas de Oliveira S Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - José Felipe Dos Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Honnara S Granja
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Wandson S Almeida
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil
| | - Thiago F L Loeser
- Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Lisiane S Freitas
- Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos - LabSensE, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos - LabSensE, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
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3
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Li X, Jeyakumar P, Bolan N, Huang L, Rashid MS, Liu Z, Wei L, Wang H. Biochar Derived from Urban Green Waste Can Enhance the Removal of Cd from Water and Reduce Soil Cd Bioavailability. TOXICS 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 38276721 PMCID: PMC10819508 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The beneficial utilization of potentially increasing urban green waste (UGW) is critical for sustainable urban development in China. In this study, UGW was pyrolyzed at different temperatures, and the resulting biochar was used to amend Cd-contaminated soils to grow cabbage. Our results showed that the Cd adsorption capacity of UGW-biochar was positively correlated with the surface area, O/C, and (O+N)/C value of biochar. Furthermore, UGW-biochar was incorporated into three Cd-contaminated soils, including one acidic soil and two neutral soils, to assess its impact on the availability of Cd. The most substantial reduction in the concentration of available Cd was observed in the acidic soil, of the three tested soils. In the neutral soils, a more substantial reduction was found in the heavily Cd-contaminated soil compared to the lightly Cd-contaminated soil. UGW-biochar amendments to the three Cd-contaminated soils resulted in an increase in the cabbage biomass in acidic soil, whereas in neutral soils, it increased in lightly contaminated soils but decreased in heavily contaminated soils. Additionally, the Cd bioaccumulation factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), and removal efficiency (RE), as impacted by the biochar application, were calculated in the lightly Cd-contaminated soil-cabbage system. The BCF decreased from 5.84 to 3.80 as the dosage of the UGW-biochar increased from 0% to 3%, indicating that the UGW-biochar immobilized Cd and reduced its bioaccumulation in cabbage roots. Based on our investigations, UGW-biochar effectively immobilizes Cd by reducing its mobility and bioavailability in a lightly contaminated environment matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lianxi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Zhongzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Lan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (L.H.); (M.S.R.)
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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4
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Kim HS, Choi HJ. Design of a Novel Sericite-Phosphoric Acid Framework for Enhancement of Pb(II) Adsorption. Molecules 2023; 28:7395. [PMID: 37959815 PMCID: PMC10649698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, phosphoric acid was used to attach anions to the weak interlayer structure of sericite, one of the clay minerals composed of a tetrahedral structure of silicate, to increase the adsorption capacity of cations. Natural sericite beads (NSB) and activated sericite beads with phosphoric acid (PSB) were prepared as beads in order to increase reusability and facilitate the separation of adsorbates and adsorbents. Using this, lead (Pb(II)) removal efficiency from an aqueous solution was comparatively analyzed. The pHpzc was 6.43 in NSB but lowered to 3.96 in PSB, confirming that more acidic functional groups were attached to the PSB surface. According to FT-IR analysis, P=O, P-O-C, P=OOH and P-O-P bonds appeared on the surface of the PSB adsorbent, and the peaks of carboxyl groups and OH-groups were large and broad. The maximum adsorption capacity of Langmuir was 52.08 mg/g for NSB and 163.93 mg/g for PSB. The adsorption process was close to physical adsorption for NSB and chemical adsorption for PSB, and both adsorbents were endothermic reactions in nature in that the higher the temperature, the higher the adsorption efficiency. The adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) to PSB was achieved by ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and complexation. The adsorption of Pb(II) using PSB was not significantly affected by the adsorption of competing ions and showed a high adsorption efficiency of 94% in reuse up to 6 times. This confirms the favorable feasibility of removing Pb(II) from industrial wastewater using PSB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University, Beomil-ro 579 beon-gil, Gangneung-si 25601, Republic of Korea;
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Sun J, Benavente V, Jansson S, Mašek O. Comparative characterisation and phytotoxicity assessment of biochar and hydrochar derived from municipal wastewater microalgae biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129567. [PMID: 37506941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae, originating from a tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater, is considered a sustainable feedstock for producing biochar and hydrochar, offering great potential for agricultural use due to nutrient content and carbon storage ability. However, there are risks related to contamination and these need to be carefully assessed to ensure safe use of material from wastewater microalgae. Therefore, this study compared the properties and phototoxicity of biochar and hydrochar produced via pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of microalgae under different temperatures and residence times. While biochar promoted germination and seedling growth by up to 11.0% and 70.0%, respectively, raw hydrochar showed strong phytotoxicity, due to the high content of volatile matter. Two post-treatments, dichloromethane (DCM) washing and further pyrolysis, proved to be effective methods for mitigating phytotoxicity of hydrochar. Additionally, biochar had 35.8-38.6% fixed carbon, resulting in higher carbon sequestration potential compared to hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
| | - Veronica Benavente
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; RISE Processum AB, SE-89122 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Stina Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
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Wijitkosum S, Sriburi T. Aromaticity, polarity, and longevity of biochar derived from disposable bamboo chopsticks waste for environmental application. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19831. [PMID: 37809808 PMCID: PMC10559211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming disposable bamboo chopstick (DBC) wastes into biochar is an effective way to achieve waste-to-resource conversion. This research focused on the elemental and chemical composition of biochar and revealed how these properties affect biochar performance in real-world applications, particularly with respect to climate change mitigation. This research is aimed at examining the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the aromaticity, polarity, and longevity of DBC biochar. The DBC feedstock was pyrolyzed at different temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C with a holding time of 20 min at a constant heating rate of 20 °C min-1. The chemical composition, including carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), volatile matter (VM), ash, and fixed carbon (FC) contents, were analyzed. The aromaticity, polarity, and longevity of biochar are presented by the atomic ratios of H/C, O/C, (O + N)/C, and C/N, and these ratios are used to determine the potential of biochar for use in climate change mitigation applications. The findings demonstrated that DBC biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures contained C contents ranging from 77.54% to 88.06%, ash contents ranging from 2.62% to 2.99%, and a half-life of over 1000 years (O/C < 0.2). Pyrolysis temperature significantly affected biochar properties, as supported by the results for the FC/ash ratio (>10); the ash, FC, C, and N contents increased with increasing temperature; in contrast, the VM, H, and O contents decreased. The results revealed that DBC wastes are the potential feedstock to produce good-quality biochar that could be applied for environmental purposes. Furthermore, the research demonstrated that the best-performing DBC biochar was produced at 500 °C, which had the highest C content, aromaticity, and longevity and the lowest polarity as represented by the values of O/C, H/C, and (O + N)/C, and this biochar could be applied for climate change mitigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Wijitkosum
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Nair RR, Kißling PA, Schaate A, Marchanka A, Shamsuyeva M, Behrens P, Weichgrebe D. The influence of sample mass (scaling effect) on the synthesis and structure of non-graphitizing carbon (biochar) during the analytical pyrolysis of biomass. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13526-13539. [PMID: 37143911 PMCID: PMC10153483 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The porous non-graphitizing carbon (NGC) known as biochar is derived from the pyrolytic conversion of organic precursors and is widely investigated due to its multifunctional applications. At present, biochar is predominantly synthesized in custom lab-scale reactors (LSRs) to determine the properties of carbon, while a thermogravimetric reactor (TG) is utilized for pyrolysis characterization. This results in inconsistencies in the correlation between the structure of biochar carbon and the pyrolysis process. If a TG reactor can also be used as an LSR for biochar synthesis, then the process characteristics and the properties of the synthesized NGC can be simultaneously investigated. It also eliminates the need for expensive LSRs in the laboratory, improves the reproducibility, and correlatability of pyrolysis characteristics with the properties of the resulting biochar carbon. Furthermore, despite numerous TG studies on the kinetics and characterization of biomass pyrolysis, none have questioned how the properties of biochar carbon vary due to the influence of the starting sample mass (scaling) in the reactor. Herein, with a lignin-rich model substrate (walnut shells), TG is utilized as an LSR, for the first time, to investigate the scaling effect starting from the pure kinetic regime (KR). The changes in the pyrolysis characteristics and the structural properties of the resultant NGC with scaling are concurrently traced and comprehensively studied. It is conclusively proven that scaling influences the pyrolysis process and the NGC structure. There is a gradual shift in pyrolysis characteristics and NGC properties from the KR until an inflection mass of ∼200 mg is reached. After this, the carbon properties (aryl-C%, pore characteristics, defects in nanostructure, and biochar yield) are similar. At small scales (≲100 mg), and especially near the KR (≤10 mg) carbonization is higher despite the reduced char formation reaction. The pyrolysis is more endothermic near KR with increased emissions of CO2 and H2O. For a lignin-rich precursor, at masses above inflection point, TG can be employed for concurrent pyrolysis characterization and biochar synthesis for application-specific NGC investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ramesh Nair
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Patrick A Kißling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (PCI), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ACI), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Alexander Marchanka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Madina Shamsuyeva
- Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy (IKK), Leibniz University of Hannover Garbsen 30823 Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ACI), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Dirk Weichgrebe
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover 30167 Germany
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Thangaraj B, Mumtaz F, Abbas Y, Anjum DH, Solomon PR, Hassan J. Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Sugarcane Dry Leaves by Two-Stage Pyrolysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083329. [PMID: 37110563 PMCID: PMC10140955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural or synthetic graphite as precursors for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) have constraints due to their limited availability, high reaction temperature for processing of synthetic graphite and higher generation cost. The use of oxidants, long reaction duration, the generation of toxic gases and residues of inorganic salts, the degree of hazard and low yield are some of the disadvantages of the oxidative-exfoliation methods. Under these circumstances, biomass waste usage as a precursor is a viable alternative. The conversion of biomass into GO by the pyrolysis method is ecofriendly with diverse applications, which partially overcomes the waste disposal problem encountered by the existing methods. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) is prepared from dry leaves of sugarcane plant through a two-step pyrolysis method using ferric (III) citrate as a catalyst, followed by treatment with conc. H2SO4. The synthesized GO is analyzed by UV-Vis., FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized GO has many oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, C-OH, COOH, C-O). It shows a sheet-like structure with a crystalline size of 10.08 nm. The GO has a graphitic structure due to the Raman shift of G (1339 cm-1) and D (1591 cm-1) bands. The prepared GO has multilayers due to the ratio of 0.92 between ID and IG. The weight ratios between carbon and oxygen are examined by SEM-EDS and TEM-EDS and found to be 3.35 and 38.11. This study reveals that the conversion of sugarcane dry leaves into the high-value-added material GO becomes realistic and feasible and thus reduces the production cost of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Thangaraj
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatima Mumtaz
- Emirates Nuclear Technology Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yawar Abbas
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pravin Raj Solomon
- Molecular Epidemiology and Diagnostic Research Facility, Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jamal Hassan
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Tomczyk A, Kondracki B, Szewczuk-Karpisz K. Chemical modification of biochars as a method to improve its surface properties and efficiency in removing xenobiotics from aqueous media. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137238. [PMID: 36375614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass, applied in various areas such as water purification, fuel production, soil amendment, etc. Many types of BC are characterized by insufficient textural parameters or poor surface chemistry, and hence by low adsorption capacity. This makes innovative chemical methods increasing BC ability to remove xenobiotics from aquatic environments highly needed. Many of them have already been described in the literature. This review presents them in detail and evaluates their effectiveness in improving textural parameters, surface chemistry, and adsorption capacity of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Tomczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kondracki
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 (SPSK Nr 4), 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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10
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Chen WH, Ho KY, Lee KT, Ding L, Andrew Lin KY, Rajendran S, Singh Y, Chang JS. Dual pretreatment of mixing H 2O 2 followed by torrefaction to upgrade spent coffee grounds for fuel production and upgrade level identification of H 2O 2 pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114016. [PMID: 35977586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-neutral solid fuel and has emerged as a potential candidate to replace coal. Meanwhile, spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are an abundant and promising biomass waste that could be used for biochar production. This study develops a biochar valorization strategy by mixing SCGs with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a weight ratio of 1:0.75 to upgrade SCG biochar. In this dual pretreatment method, the H2O2 oxidative ability at a pretreatment temperature of 105 °C contributes to an increase in the higher heating value (HHV) and carbon content of the SCG biochars. The HHV and carbon content of biochar increase by about 6.5% and 7.8%, respectively, when compared to the unpretreated one under the same conditions. Maximized biochar's HHV derived via the Taguchi method is 30.33 MJkg-1, a 46.9% increase compared to the raw SCG, and a 6.5% increase compared to the unpretreated SCG biochar. The H2O2 concentration is 18% for the maximized HHV. A quantitative identification index of intensity of difference (IOD) is adopted to evaluate the contributive level of H2O2 pretreatment in terms of the HHV and carbon content. IOD increases with increasing H2O2 pretreatment temperature. Before torrefaction, SCGs' IOD pretreated at 50 °C is 1.94%, while that pretreated at 105 °C is 8.06%. This is because, before torrefaction, H2O2 pretreatment sufficiently weakens SCGs' molecular structure, resulting in a higher IOD value. The IOD value of torrefied SCGs (TSCG) pretreated at 105 °C is 10.71%, accounting for a 4.59% increase compared to that pretreated at 50 °C. This implies that TSCG pretreated by H2O2 at 105 °C has better thermal stability. For every 1% increase in IOD of TSCG, the carbon content of the biochar increases 0.726%, and the HHV increases 0.529%. Overall, it is demonstrated that H2O2 is a green and promising pretreatment additive for upgrading SCG biochar's calorific value, and torrefied SCGs can be used as a potential solid fuel to approach carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Yu Ho
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Clean Coal Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Yashvir Singh
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
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Behera M, Tiwari N, Banerjee S, Sheik AR, Kumar M, Pal M, Pal P, Chatterjee RP, Chakrabortty S, Tripathy SK. Ag/biochar nanocomposites demonstrate remarkable catalytic activity towards reduction of p-nitrophenol via restricted agglomeration and leaching characteristics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Canatoy RC, Jeong ST, Galgo SJC, Kim PJ, Cho SR. Biochar as soil amendment: Syngas recycling system is essential to create positive carbon credit. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151140. [PMID: 34695470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar utilization is accepted as the most cost-effective practice to mitigate global warming via increase in soil C stock. However, its utilization effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes was evaluated only within land application without considering industrial processes. To evaluate the net effect of biochar utilization on global warming within whole system boundary, swine manure-saw dust mixture was pyrolyzed under four different temperatures, and GHG fluxes were characterized under with/without syngas recycling systems. To determine GHG fluxes from biochar amended soil, 40 Mg ha-1 of biochar was mixed with soil and incubated under flooded and dried soil conditions. Finally, the effect of biochar utilization was generalized using net global warming potential (GWP) from industrial process to land application. Under without syngas recycling system, huge amounts of GHGs were emitted during pyrolysis, and GHG fluxes highly increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, due to direct and indirect GHG emissions from feedstock combustion and electricity, respectively. However, syngas recycling system removed most of GHGs, except for direct N2O and indirect GHG emissions from electricity. Biochar application was very effective to mitigate GHG emissions within soil system boundary, and biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperature showed higher effectivity in decreasing GHG fluxes. Within the whole system boundary from pyrolysis to soil application, without the installation of syngas recycling system, fresh manure application was more effective than biochar to reduce GHG emissions, regardless of soil water conditions. However, with the installation of syngas recycling system, biochar application was much more effective than fresh manure to decrease GHG fluxes. Biochar produced at higher temperature had higher effectivity to mitigate global warming impacts. In conclusion, to functionally mitigate global warming in soils, biochar should be produced in pyrolysis reactors equipped with syngas recycling system under higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronley C Canatoy
- Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Seung Tak Jeong
- Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Snowie Jane C Galgo
- Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
| | - Song Rae Cho
- Division of Agricultural Chemistry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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Adsorption and desorption of nutrients from abattoir wastewater: modelling and comparison of rice, coconut and coffee husk biochar. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08458. [PMID: 34888424 PMCID: PMC8637147 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enrichment of water bodies with nutrients from wastewater is one of the causes of eutrophication to aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the use of biochar derived from rice husk, coconut husk, and coffee husk in adsorbing nitrates (NO3-N) and nitrites (NO2-N) from slaughterhouse wastewater. It also explored the desorption efficiencies of the adsorbed nutrients to ascertain the applicability of the enriched biochars as slow-release fertilizers. To characterize the physicochemical properties of the biochars, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis (CHNO) Langmuir and Freundlich, and the isotherm models were employed to fit the experimental equilibrium adsorption data. It was observed that the Langmuir isotherm model has the best fit of NO3- N and NO2- N on all the biochars. And this was based on the coefficient of correlation values. Also, the coconut husk biochar has the highest adsorption capacities of NO3-N and NO2-N at 12.97 mg/g, and 0.244 mg/g, respectively, attributing to its high porosity as revealed by the SEM images. The adsorption capacities for the rice husk char were 12.315 and 0.233 mg/g, while that for coffee husk char were12.08 mg/g and 0.218 mg/g for NO3-N and NO2-N, respectively. The relatively higher amount of NO3-N adsorbed to that of NO2-N could be attributed to its higher initial concentration in the solution than nitrite concentration. The desorption efficiencies of nitrates were 22.4, 24.39, and 16.79 %, for rice husk char, coconut husk char and coffee husk char, respectively. For the rice husk char, coconut husk char and coffee husk char, the nitrites desorption efficiencies were 80.73, 91.39, and 83.62 %, respectively. These values are good indicators that the studied biochar can be enriched with NO3- N and NO2- N and used as slow-release fertilizers.
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Mandal S, Sharma RK, Bhattacharya TK, Tanna H, Haydary J. Charring of pine needles using a portable drum reactor. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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