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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Elbeltagi R. Metabolomic changes in children with autism. World J Clin Pediatr 2024; 13:92737. [PMID: 38947988 PMCID: PMC11212761 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.92737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Metabolomic profiling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the underlying metabolic dysregulations associated with ASD. AIM To comprehensively explore metabolomic changes in children with ASD, integrating findings from various research articles, reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials, and a book chapter. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LISA, and NLM catalog up until January 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed research articles (83), review articles (145), meta-analyses (6), systematic reviews (6), case reports (2), editorials (2), and a book chapter (1) related to metabolomic changes in children with ASD. Exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and quality of included studies. RESULTS The systematic review identified specific metabolites and metabolic pathways showing consistent differences in children with ASD compared to typically developing individuals. These metabolic biomarkers may serve as objective measures to support clinical assessments, improve diagnostic accuracy, and inform personalized treatment approaches. Metabolomic profiling also offers insights into the metabolic alterations associated with comorbid conditions commonly observed in individuals with ASD. CONCLUSION Integration of metabolomic changes in children with ASD holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, guiding personalized treatment approaches, monitoring treatment response, and improving outcomes. Further research is needed to validate findings, establish standardized protocols, and overcome technical challenges in metabolomic analysis. By advancing our understanding of metabolic dysregulations in ASD, clinicians can improve the lives of affected individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatric, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatric, University Medical Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama, Bahrain, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Alghrabia, Egypt
- Department of Chest Disease, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Chest Disease, University Medical Center, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
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Schipper L, Tims S, Timmer E, Lohr J, Rakhshandehroo M, Harvey L. Grain versus AIN: Common rodent diets differentially affect health outcomes in adult C57BL/6j mice. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293487. [PMID: 38512932 PMCID: PMC10956799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Semi-synthetic and grain-based diets are common rodent diets for biomedical research. Both diet types are considered nutritionally adequate to support breeding, growth, and long life, yet there are fundamental differences between them that may affect metabolic processes. We have characterized the effects of diet type on breeding outcomes, metabolic phenotype, and microbiota profile in adult mice. Healthy 8-week-old female and male C57BL/6J mice were fed a semi-synthetic or a grain-based diet for 12 weeks and changes in body weight and body composition were monitored. Breeding outcomes were determined. Body fat accumulation of female mice was lower on the semi-synthetic diet than on the grain-based diet. Pregnancy rate and newborn pup survival appeared to be lower in mice exposed to semi-synthetic diet compared to grain-based diet. Both female and male mice showed a profound change in fecal microbiota alpha and beta diversity depending on diet type. Our study shows that type of rodent diet may affect breeding outcomes whilst influencing metabolism and health of female laboratory mice. These factors have the potential to influence other experimental outcomes and the results suggest that semi-synthetic and grain-based diets are not interchangeable in research using rodent models. Careful consideration and increased understanding of the consequences of diet choice would lead to improvements in experimental design and reproducibility of study results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Timmer
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Lohr
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Faraji J, Bettenson D, Yong VW, Metz GAS. Early life stress aggravates disease pathogenesis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Support for a two-hit hypothesis of multiple sclerosis etiology. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578240. [PMID: 37951203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Vision problems are one of the earliest diagnosed symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). The onset and progression of vision loss and the underlying pathogenesis in MS may be influenced by cumulative psychophysiological stress. Here, we used a two-hit model of stress in female mice to determine if early life stress (ELS, the first hit) influences the response to an immunization that induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, the second hit) later in life. We hypothesized that ELS caused by animal transportation from a vendor during early postnatal development represents a co-factor which can exacerbate the clinical severity of EAE. Indeed, adult EAE mice with a history of ELS displayed more severe clinical signs and delayed recovery compared to non-stressed EAE mice. ELS also diminished visual acuity measured by optokinetic responses, as well as locomotion and exploratory behaviours in EAE mice. Notably, ELS accelerated vision loss and caused earlier onset of visual impairments in EAE. Exacerbated functional impairments in stressed EAE mice were highly correlated with circulating corticosterone levels. The findings show that the progression of induced EAE in adulthood can be significantly impacted by adverse early life experiences. These observations emphasize the importance of comprehensive behavioural testing, including non-motor functions, to enhance the translational value of preclinical animal models of MS. Moreover, shipment stress of laboratory animals should be considered a necessary variable in preclinical MS research. The consideration of cumulative lifetime stresses provides a new perspective of MS pathogenesis within a personalized medicine framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Dennis Bettenson
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada; Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Roos LG, Slavich GM. Wearable technologies for health research: Opportunities, limitations, and practical and conceptual considerations. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:444-452. [PMID: 37557962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most notable limitations of laboratory-based health research is its inability to continuously monitor health-relevant physiological processes as individuals go about their daily lives. As a result, we have generated large amounts of data with unknown generalizability to real-world situations and also created a schism between where data are collected (i.e., in the lab) and where we need to intervene to prevent disease (i.e., in the field). Devices using noninvasive wearable technology are changing all of this, however, with their ability to provide high-frequency assessments of peoples' ever-changing physiological states in daily life in a manner that is relatively noninvasive, affordable, and scalable. Here, we discuss critical points that every researcher should keep in mind when using these wearables in research, spanning device and metric decisions, hardware and software selection, and data quality and sampling rate issues, using research on stress and health as an example throughout. We also address usability and participant acceptability issues, and how wearable "digital biomarker" and behavioral data can be integrated to enhance basic science and intervention studies. Finally, we summarize 10 key questions that should be addressed to make every wearable study as strong as possible. Collectively, keeping these points in mind can improve our ability to study the psychobiology of human health, and to intervene, precisely where it matters most: in peoples' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia G Roos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zhao M, He X, Li T, Shao H, Huo Q, Li Y. Early-Life Factors and Multimorbidity Risk Later in Older Age: Evidence Based on CHARLS. Gerontology 2023; 69:1347-1357. [PMID: 37725916 DOI: 10.1159/000532060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early-life factors were reported to exert influence on the health condition of individuals in the long-term. However, limited research explored the connection between early-life factors and multimorbidity in later years. METHODS We utilized the data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to assess this possible association in the present cross-sectional study. Multimorbidity was determined based on 14 common chronic diseases included in the study. Logistic regression was employed to examine the link between early-life factors and subsequent multimorbidity. RESULTS Out of 7,578 participants who met the inclusion criteria for analysis, 3,765 (49.68%) were females. The mean age was 68.25 ± 6.70 years. Participants who rated their health during childhood as average (odds ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.96) or better [OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91] were significantly less likely to experience multimorbidity in older life. By contrast, experiencing violence from two of the family members was significantly associated with future multimorbidity (OR [95% CI], 1.29 [1.04-1.60]). A superior family financial situation was also negatively associated with multimorbidity, with average (OR [95% CI], 0.72 [0.63-0.83]) and better off than average (OR [95% CI], 0.76 [0.62-0.93]). DISCUSSION Individuals with poor health status, inferior family socioeconomic status, or experienced violence from family members in childhood were more likely to suffer from multimorbidity in later life. Enhanced social monitoring of potentially adverse conditions in youngsters and targeted interventions could help mitigate the progression of multimorbidity in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,
| | - Xu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tianrong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Shao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Huo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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Li N, Wang R, Hu P, Lu W, Zhao X, Wang L, Song M, Gao Y, An C, Bashir S, Wang X. Effect of night shift work on metabolic syndrome in adults who suffered from earthquake stress in early life. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1139113. [PMID: 37546325 PMCID: PMC10399214 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1139113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the role of night shift work on the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults suffered from earthquakes prenatally or as infants and to analyse the effect of stress on factors that influence MetS in this population. Methods We included 870 subjects from 2014 to 2015. All subjects work as miners for the Kailuan Mining Group and were born were living in Tangshan. Participants were classified into two groups on basis of their work schedules: day shift and night shift. They were further classified into the prenatal exposure group, the infancy exposure group, and the control group based on their age during the Tangshan earthquake. This study was conducted 38 years after the earthquake. Participants' general demographic data, smoking and drinking habits, as well as work schedules were collected. All participants' sleep status was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The measurement of all subjects' waist circumference and blood pressure was made, and triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were measured by collecting blood samples. The definition of MetS was made after the guidelines for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes in China (2017 Edition). Results A total of 187 (21.5%) workers were determined to have MetS. The incidence of MetS was greatly higher in night shift workers who were exposed to an earthquake during infancy than in day shift workers (χ2 = 8.053, p = 0.005). A multivariate logistic regression analysis displayed male participants had a higher risk develop MetS than female participants (p = 0.042, OR = 0.368, 95% CI = 0.140, 0.965). Current smokers (p = 0.030, OR = 1.520, 95%CI = 1.042, 2.218) and participants who sleep fewer than 7 h per night (p = 0.015, OR = 1.638, 95%CI = 1.101, 2.437) had a higher risk of MetS. Prenatal earthquake stress was also a risk element for MetS (p = 0.012, OR = 1.644, 95%CI = 1.115, 2.423). Conclusion The risk of MetS is significantly higher in night shift workers exposed to earthquake stress during infancy than day shift workers. Earthquake exposure during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for MetS. Smoking and sleeping less than 7 h have a higher risk of MetS than the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peihua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuixia An
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Saudi Arabia Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xueyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Mental Health Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Hajna S, Nafilyan V, Cummins S. Associations between residential greenspace exposure and mortality in 4 645 581 adults living in London, UK: a longitudinal study. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e459-e468. [PMID: 37286243 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban greenspaces could reduce non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. The links between greenspaces and NCD-related mortality remain unclear. We aimed to estimate associations between residential greenspace quantity and access and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer mortality, respiratory mortality, and type 2 diabetes mortality. METHODS We linked 2011 UK Census data of London-dwelling adults (aged ≥18 years) to data from the UK death registry and the Greenspace Information for Greater London resource. We calculated percentage greenspace area, access point density (access points per km2), and distance in metres to the nearest access point for each respondent's residential neighbourhood (defined as 1000 m street network buffers) for greenspaces overall and by park type using a geographic information system. We estimated associations using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for a range of confounders. FINDINGS Data were available for 4 645 581 individuals between March 27, 2011, and Dec 31, 2019. Respondents were followed up for a mean of 8·4 years (SD 1·4). All-cause mortality did not differ with overall greenspace coverage (hazard ratio [HR] 1·0004, 95% CI 0·9996-1·0012), increased with increasing access point density (1·0076, 1·0031-1·0120), and decreased slightly with increasing distance to the nearest access point (HR 0·9993, 0·9987-0·9998). A 1 percentage point (pp) increase in pocket park (areas for rest and recreation under 0·4 hectares) coverage was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality risk (0·9441, 0·9213-0·9675), and an increase of ten pocket park access points per km2 was associated with a decreased respiratory mortality risk (0·9164, 0·8457-0·9931). Other associations were observed, but the estimated effects were small (eg, all-cause mortality risk for increases of 1 pp in regional park area were 0·9913, 0·9861-0·9966 and increases of ten small open space access points per km2 were 1·0247, 1·0151-1·0344). INTERPRETATION Increasing the quantity of, and access to, pocket parks might help mitigate mortality risk. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms that could explain these associations. FUNDING Health Data Research UK (HDRUK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Hajna
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada; Child Health Informatics Group, Great Ormond Street Institue of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environments, & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Heynen JP, McHugh RR, Boora NS, Simcock G, Kildea S, Austin MP, Laplante DP, King S, Montina T, Metz GAS. Urinary 1H NMR Metabolomic Analysis of Prenatal Maternal Stress Due to a Natural Disaster Reveals Metabolic Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases: The QF2011 Queensland Flood Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040579. [PMID: 37110237 PMCID: PMC10145263 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress alters fetal programming, potentially predisposing the ensuing offspring to long-term adverse health outcomes. To gain insight into environmental influences on fetal development, this QF2011 study evaluated the urinary metabolomes of 4-year-old children (n = 89) who were exposed to the 2011 Queensland flood in utero. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to analyze urinary metabolic fingerprints based on maternal levels of objective hardship and subjective distress resulting from the natural disaster. In both males and females, differences were observed between high and low levels of maternal objective hardship and maternal subjective distress groups. Greater prenatal stress exposure was associated with alterations in metabolites associated with protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. These alterations suggest profound changes in oxidative and antioxidative pathways that may indicate a higher risk for chronic non-communicable diseases such obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, as well as mental illnesses, including depression and schizophrenia. Thus, prenatal stress-associated metabolic biomarkers may provide early predictors of lifetime health trajectories, and potentially serve as prognostic markers for therapeutic strategies in mitigating adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Heynen
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Rebecca R McHugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Naveenjyote S Boora
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Simcock
- Midwifery Research Unit, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sue Kildea
- Midwifery Research Unit, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Molly Wardaguga Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia
| | - Marie-Paule Austin
- Perinatal and Woman's Health Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - David P Laplante
- Centre for Child Development and Mental Health, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4335 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Suzanne King
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Yue X, Piao L, Wang H, Huang Z, Meng X, Sasaki T, Inoue A, Nakamura K, Wan Y, Xu S, Shi GP, Kim W, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Cathepsin K Deficiency Prevented Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Response to 5/6 Nephrectomy Injury in Mice With or Without Chronic Stress. Hypertension 2022; 79:1713-1723. [PMID: 35726642 PMCID: PMC9278705 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic psychological stress is a risk factor for kidney disease, including kidney dysfunction and hypertension. Lysosomal CatK (cathepsin K) participates in various human pathobiologies. We investigated the role of CatK in kidney remodeling and hypertension in response to 5/6 nephrectomy injury in mice with or without chronic stress. Methods: Male 7-week-old WT (wild type; CatK+/+) and CatK-deficient (CatK−/−) mice that were or were not subjected to chronic stress underwent 5/6 nephrectomy. At 8 weeks post-stress/surgery, the stress was observed to have accelerated injury-induced glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, and blood pressure elevation. Results: Compared with the nonstressed mice, the stressed mice showed increased levels of TLR (Toll-like receptor)-2/4, p22phox, gp91phox, CatK, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2/9, collagen type I and III genes, PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), NLRP-3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3), p21, p16, and cleaved caspase-8 proteins, podocyte foot process effacement, macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, and decreased levels of Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) and Sirt1, as well as decreased glomerular desmin expression in the kidneys. These harmful changes were retarded by the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CatK. Consistently, CatK inhibition ameliorated 5/6 nephrectomy–related kidney injury and dysfunction. In mesangial cells, CatK silencing or overexpression, respectively, reduced or increased the PPAR-γ and cleaved caspase-8 protein levels, providing evidence and a mechanistic explanation of CatK’s involvement in PPAR-γ/caspase-8–mediated cell apoptosis in response to superoxide and stressed serum. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in kidney remodeling and hypertension in response to 5/6 nephrectomy or stress, possibly via a reduction of glomerular inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling kidney injury in mice under chronic psychological stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yue
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan (T.S.)
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society (A.I., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.N.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.-P.S.)
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.K.)
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology (T.M.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society (A.I., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
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10
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Faraji J, Ambeskovic M, Sauter N, Toly J, Whitten K, Lopes NA, Olson DM, Metz GAS. Sex-specific stress and biobehavioral responses to human experimenters in rats. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:965500. [PMID: 35937894 PMCID: PMC9354940 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.965500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Important factors influencing the outcome of animal experiments in preclinical research are often overlooked. In the current study, the reaction of female and male rats toward the biological sex of a human experimenter was investigated in terms of anxiety-like behaviors and physiological stress responses, as measured by infrared (IR) thermography, circulating corticosterone (CORT) and oxytocin levels. Female rats displayed consistently exacerbated anxiety-related behaviors along with elevated body surface temperature during repeated exposure to male experimenters. Experimental stress further intensified thermal responses to a male experimenter, especially in female rats. The behavioral responses to a male experimenter in females were associated with higher circulating CORT and lower oxytocin levels. Similar responses were induced by a T-shirt worn by a human male. The findings suggest that psychophysiological responses of female rats to a male experimenter are influenced by both visual and olfactory cues. The results emphasize the need to not only consider sex differences in experimental animals, but also standardize and report the experimenter’s biological sex to avoid ambiguity in the generation and interpretation of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jamshid Faraji,
| | - Mirela Ambeskovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Nevyn Sauter
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jaxson Toly
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Kera Whitten
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Nayara Antunes Lopes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David M. Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A. S. Metz
- Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- Gerlinde A. S. Metz,
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11
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Trans- and Multigenerational Maternal Social Isolation Stress Programs the Blood Plasma Metabolome in the F3 Generation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070572. [PMID: 35888696 PMCID: PMC9320469 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic risk factors are among the most common causes of noncommunicable diseases, and stress critically contributes to metabolic risk. In particular, social isolation during pregnancy may represent a salient stressor that affects offspring metabolic health, with potentially adverse consequences for future generations. Here, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to analyze the blood plasma metabolomes of the third filial (F3) generation of rats born to lineages that experienced either transgenerational or multigenerational maternal social isolation stress. We show that maternal social isolation induces distinct and robust metabolic profiles in the blood plasma of adult F3 offspring, which are characterized by critical switches in energy metabolism, such as upregulated formate and creatine phosphate metabolisms and downregulated glucose metabolism. Both trans- and multigenerational stress altered plasma metabolomic profiles in adult offspring when compared to controls. Social isolation stress increasingly affected pathways involved in energy metabolism and protein biosynthesis, particularly in branched-chain amino acid synthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (lactate, citrate), muscle performance (alanine, creatine phosphate), and immunoregulation (serine, threonine). Levels of creatine phosphate, leucine, and isoleucine were associated with changes in anxiety-like behaviours in open field exploration. The findings reveal the metabolic underpinnings of epigenetically heritable diseases and suggest that even remote maternal social stress may become a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and adverse mental health outcomes. Metabolomic signatures of transgenerational stress may aid in the risk prediction and early diagnosis of non-communicable diseases in precision medicine approaches.
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12
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Arabin B, Hellmeyer L, Maul J, Metz GAS. Awareness of maternal stress, consequences for the offspring and the need for early interventions to increase stress resilience. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:979-989. [PMID: 34478615 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies suggest that prenatal experiences may influence health trajectories up to adulthood and high age. According to the hypothesis of developmental origins of health and disease exposure of pregnant women to stress, nutritional challenges, infection, violence, or war may "program" risks for diseases in later life. Stress and anxieties can exist or be provoked in parents after fertility treatment, after information or diagnosis of fetal abnormalities and demand simultaneous caring concepts to support the parents. In vulnerable groups, it is therefore important to increase the stress resilience to avoid harmful consequences for the growing child. "Enriched environment" defines a key paradigm to decipher how interactions between genes and environment change the structure and function of the brain. The regulation of the fetal hippocampal neurogenesis and morphology during pregnancy is one example of this complex interaction. Animal experiments have demonstrated that an enriched environment can revert consequences of stress in the offspring during critical periods of brain plasticity. Epigenetic markers of stress or wellbeing during pregnancy might even be diagnosed by fragments of placental DNA in the maternal circulation that show characteristic methylation patterns. The development of fetal senses further illustrates how external stimulation may impact individual preferences. Here, we therefore not only discuss how maternal stress influences cognitive development and resilience, but also design possibilities of non-invasive interventions for both mothers and children summarized and evaluated in the light of their potential to improve the health of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Arabin
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Obstetrics, Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Hellmeyer
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Clara Angela Foundation, Berlin, Germany.,Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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13
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Brown CLJ, Zaytsoff SJM, Montina T, Inglis GD. Corticosterone-Mediated Physiological Stress Alters Liver, Kidney, and Breast Muscle Metabolomic Profiles in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113056. [PMID: 34827788 PMCID: PMC8614290 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corticosterone is the major stress hormone in birds and research has shown that an increase in corticosterone can have adverse effects on bird health (e.g., predisposition to disease) production performance metrics. However, it is not currently possible to monitor commercial flocks for stress before performance is affected. A popular model of chicken stress involves administering corticosterone to chickens though their drinking water. However, corticosterone is non-polar so it must first be dissolved in ethanol, which means that the chickens are also drinking ethanol. In this study, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the effects of this model of stress in chickens, as well as the effects corticosterone on the chicken kidney, liver, and breast muscle metabolomes. We hypothesized that physiological stress modulates the metabolome of liver, kidney, and breast muscle due to increases in catabolism and gluconeogenesis. The administration of corticosterone altered the chicken liver, kidney, and breast muscle metabolomes. However, the ethanol carrier affected the metabolome of all three tissues, which indicated that corticosterone should be administered in an alternate fashion in future metabolomics studies to remove the confounding effects of ethanol. Furthermore, future research should focus on relating metabolite changes in tissues to non-destructive markers like blood, feces, or feathers to develop new diagnostic tools to better monitor on-farm stress during production. Abstract The impact of physiological stress on the metabolomes of liver, kidney, and breast muscle was investigated in chickens. To incite a stress response, birds were continuously administered corticosterone (CORT) in their drinking water at three doses (0, 10, and 30 mg L−1), and they were sampled 1, 5, and 12 days after the start of the CORT administration. To solubilize CORT, it was first dissolved in ethanol and then added to water. The administration of ethanol alone significantly altered branched chain amino acid metabolism in both the liver and the kidney, and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in breast muscle. CORT significantly altered sugar and amino acid metabolism in all three tissues, but to a much greater degree than ethanol alone. In this regard, CORT administration significantly altered 11, 46, and 14 unique metabolites in liver, kidney, and breast muscle, respectively. Many of the metabolites that were affected by CORT administration, such as mannose and glucose, were previously linked to increases in glycosylation and gluconeogenesis in chickens under conditions of production stress. Moreover, several of these metabolites, such as dimethylglycine, galactose, and carnosine were also previously linked to reduced quality meat. In summary, the administration of CORT in chickens significantly modulated host metabolism. Moreover, results indicated that energy potentials are diverted from muscle anabolism to muscle catabolism and gluconeogenesis during periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. J. Brown
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sarah J. M. Zaytsoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Science Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
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14
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A Scoping Review of Life-Course Psychosocial Stress and Kidney Function. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8090810. [PMID: 34572242 PMCID: PMC8467128 DOI: 10.3390/children8090810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased exposure to maternal psychosocial stress during gestation and adverse neonatal environments has been linked to alterations in developmental programming and health consequences in offspring. A programmed low nephron endowment, among other altered pathways of susceptibility, likely increases the vulnerability to develop chronic kidney disease in later life. Our aim in this scoping review was to identify gaps in the literature by focusing on understanding the association between life-course exposure to psychosocial stress, and the risk of reduced kidney function. A systematic search in four databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Wed of Science, and Scopus) was performed, yielding 609 articles. Following abstract and full-text review, we identified 19 articles meeting our inclusion criteria, reporting associations between different psychosocial stressors and an increase in the prevalence of kidney disease or decline in kidney function, mainly in adulthood. There are a lack of studies that specifically evaluated the association between gestational exposure to psychosocial stress and measures of kidney function or disease in early life, despite the overall evidence consistent with the independent effects of prenatal stress on other perinatal and postnatal outcomes. Further research will establish epidemiological studies with clear and more comparable psychosocial stressors to solve this critical research gap.
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15
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Muhammad Abdul Kadar NN, Ahmad F, Teoh SL, Yahaya MF. Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185490. [PMID: 34576959 PMCID: PMC8465857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, and central obesity are the risk factors that could lead to full-blown diabetes, heart disease, and many others. With increasing sedentary lifestyles, coupled with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of people affected with MetS will be expected to grow in the coming years. While keeping these factors checked with the polypharmacy available currently, there is no single strategy that can halt or minimize the effect of MetS to patients. This opens the door for a more natural way of controlling the disease. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phytonutrient belonging to the flavonoids that can be found in abundance in plants, fruits, and vegetables. CA possesses a wide range of beneficial properties from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antianxiolytic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review discusses the current discovery of the effect of CA against MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellysha Namela Muhammad Abdul Kadar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Early Life Stress and Metabolic Plasticity of Brain Cells: Impact on Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091092. [PMID: 34572278 PMCID: PMC8470044 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) causes long-lasting changes in brain plasticity induced by the exposure to stress factors acting prenatally or in the early postnatal ontogenesis due to hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, development of neuroinflammation, aberrant neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and significant alterations in brain metabolism that lead to neurological deficits and higher susceptibility to development of brain disorders later in the life. As a key component of complex pathogenesis, ELS-mediated changes in brain metabolism associate with development of mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of appropriate mitochondria quality control and mitochondrial dynamics, deregulation of metabolic reprogramming. These mechanisms are particularly critical for maintaining the pool and development of brain cells within neurogenic and angiogenic niches. In this review, we focus on brain mitochondria and energy metabolism related to tightly coupled neurogenic and angiogenic events in healthy and ELS-affected brain, and new opportunities to develop efficient therapeutic strategies aimed to restore brain metabolism and reduce ELS-induced impairments of brain plasticity.
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