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Massinelli G, Marinoni N, Colombo C, Gatta GD, Realini M, Burghammer M, Possenti E. Advanced mapping of inorganic treatments on porous carbonate stones by combined synchrotron radiation high lateral μXRPD and μXRF. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9108. [PMID: 38643281 PMCID: PMC11032336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of consolidating inorganic mineral treatments on carbonate stones of cultural heritage, and on the nature and distribution of newly formed products within the matrix, poses a significant challenge in Heritage Science and Conservation Science. Existing analytical methods often fail to deliver spatial and compositional insights into the newly formed crystalline phases with the appropriate high lateral resolution. In this study, we explore the capabilities and limitations of synchrotron radiation (SR) micro-X-ray powder diffraction (μXRPD) mapping combined with micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) to give insight into compounds formed following the application of ammonium oxalate (AmOx) and diammonium phosphate-based (DAP) solutions on porous carbonate stone. Ultimately, the integration of μXRPD mapping and μXRF analysis proved itself a powerful asset in providing precise qualitative and quantitative data on the newly formed phases, in the case of both calcium oxalates (CaOxs) and calcium phosphates (CaPs), and their complex stratigraphic distribution, thus opening a new route for applications to a more comprehensive study of inorganic treatments applied to carbonate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Massinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - N Marinoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - C Colombo
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - G D Gatta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra "Ardito Desio", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - M Realini
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - M Burghammer
- European Synchtron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - E Possenti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milano, Italy
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Guarnieri N, Ghirardello M, Goidanich S, Comelli D, Dellasega D, Cotte M, Fontana E, Toniolo L. Imaging and micro-invasive analyses of black stains on the passepartout of Codex Atlanticus Folio 843 by Leonardo da Vinci. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4902. [PMID: 36966150 PMCID: PMC10039911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper accounts for the diagnostic campaign aimed at understanding the phenomenon of black stains appeared on the passepartout close to the margins of Folio 843 of Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Atlanticus. Previous studies excluded microbiological deterioration processes. The study is based on a multi-analytical approach, including non-invasive imaging measurements of the folio, micro-imaging and synchrotron spectroscopy investigations of passepartout fragments at different magnifications and spectral ranges. Photoluminescence hyperspectral and lifetime imaging highlighted that black stains are not composed of fluorescent materials. μATR-FTIR imaging of fragments from the passepartout revealed the presence of a mixture of starch and PVAc glues localized only in the stained areas close to the margin of the folio. FE-SEM observations showed that the dark stains are localized inside cavities formed among cellulose fibers, where an accumulation of inorganic roundish particles (∅100-200 nm in diameter size), composed of Hg and S, was detected. Finally, by employing synchrotron μXRF, μXANES and HR-XRD analyses it was possible to identify these particles as metacinnabar (β-HgS). Further research is needed to assess the chemical process leading to the metacinnabar formation in the controlled conservation condition of Leonardo's Codex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Guarnieri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Ghirardello
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Goidanich
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - David Dellasega
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structural (LAMS) CNRS UMR 8220, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elena Fontana
- Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Piazza Pio XI 2, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Toniolo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Cotte M, Gonzalez V, Vanmeert F, Monico L, Dejoie C, Burghammer M, Huder L, de Nolf W, Fisher S, Fazlic I, Chauffeton C, Wallez G, Jiménez N, Albert-Tortosa F, Salvadó N, Possenti E, Colombo C, Ghirardello M, Comelli D, Avranovich Clerici E, Vivani R, Romani A, Costantino C, Janssens K, Taniguchi Y, McCarthy J, Reichert H, Susini J. The “Historical Materials BAG”: A New Facilitated Access to Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Analyses for Cultural Heritage Materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061997. [PMID: 35335359 PMCID: PMC8950898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines—ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses—with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Laboratoire d’Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS) CNRS UMR 8220, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, 5 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Victor Gonzalez
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Frederik Vanmeert
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Paintings Laboratory, Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Jubelpark 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Letizia Monico
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (V.G.); (F.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Loïc Huder
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Wout de Nolf
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Stuart Fisher
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Ida Fazlic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christelle Chauffeton
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Cité de la Céramique Sèvres-Limoges, place de la Manufacture, 92310 Sèvres, France
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Wallez
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France; (C.C.); (G.W.)
- Centre de Recherche et Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF), Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France
- UFR 926, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Núria Jiménez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Francesc Albert-Tortosa
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nati Salvadó
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)·BarcelonaTech Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain; (N.J.); (F.A.-T.); (N.S.)
| | - Elena Possenti
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milan, Italy; (E.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Marta Ghirardello
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniela Comelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Physics Department, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Ermanno Avranovich Clerici
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 3mE, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Aldo Romani
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (A.R.); (C.C.)
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Koen Janssens
- Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy laboratory (AXIS) Research Group, NANOLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (E.A.C.); (K.J.)
- Rijksmuseum, Conservation and Restoration, P.O. Box 74888, 1070 DN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yoko Taniguchi
- History and Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Joanne McCarthy
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Harald Reichert
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Jean Susini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France; (C.D.); (M.B.); (L.H.); (W.d.N.); (S.F.); (I.F.); (J.M.); (H.R.); (J.S.)
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