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Pereira RFS, de Carvalho CCCR. Improving Bioprocess Conditions for the Production of Prodigiosin Using a Marine Serratia rubidaea Strain. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:142. [PMID: 38667759 PMCID: PMC11051444 DOI: 10.3390/md22040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The enormous potential attributed to prodigiosin regarding its applicability as a natural pigment and pharmaceutical agent justifies the development of sound bioprocesses for its production. Using a Serratia rubidaea strain isolated from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent, optimization of the growth medium composition was carried out. After medium development, the bacterium temperature, light and oxygen needs were studied, as was growth inhibition by product concentration. The implemented changes led to a 13-fold increase in prodigiosin production in a shake flask, reaching 19.7 mg/L. The conditions allowing the highest bacterial cell growth and prodigiosin production were also tested with another marine strain: S. marcescens isolated from a tide rock pool was able to produce 15.8 mg/L of prodigiosin. The bioprocess with S. rubidaea was scaled up from 0.1 L shake flasks to 2 L bioreactors using the maintenance of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient (kLa) as the scale-up criterion. The implemented parameters in the bioreactor led to an 8-fold increase in product per biomass yield and to a final concentration of 293.1 mg/L of prodigiosin in 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. S. Pereira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Wei H, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Chen X, Niu T, Chatterjee A, He P, Hou G. Heat shock protein 90: biological functions, diseases, and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e470. [PMID: 38283176 PMCID: PMC10811298 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a predominant member among Heat shock proteins (HSPs), playing a central role in cellular protection and maintenance by aiding in the folding, stabilization, and modification of diverse protein substrates. It collaborates with various co-chaperones to manage ATPase-driven conformational changes in its dimer during client protein processing. Hsp90 is critical in cellular function, supporting the proper operation of numerous proteins, many of which are linked to diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, neurodegenerative conditions, and infectious diseases. Recognizing the significance of these client proteins across diverse diseases, there is a growing interest in targeting Hsp90 and its co-chaperones for potential therapeutic strategies. This review described biological background of HSPs and the structural characteristics of HSP90. Additionally, it discusses the regulatory role of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) in modulating HSP90 and sheds light on the dynamic chaperone cycle of HSP90. Furthermore, the review discusses the specific contributions of HSP90 in various disease contexts, especially in cancer. It also summarizes HSP90 inhibitors for cancer treatment, offering a thoughtful analysis of their strengths and limitations. These advancements in research expand our understanding of HSP90 and open up new avenues for considering HSP90 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yilin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xunan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Tengda Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of PathologyDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Pengxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guiqin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of PathologyDunedin School of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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3
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Giurini EF, Godla A, Gupta KH. Redefining bioactive small molecules from microbial metabolites as revolutionary anticancer agents. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:187-206. [PMID: 38200347 PMCID: PMC10874892 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge due to issues such as acquired resistance to conventional therapies and the occurrence of adverse treatment-related toxicities. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the microbial world in search of novel and effective drugs to combat this devastating disease. Microbial derived secondary metabolites have proven to be a valuable source of biologically active compounds, which exhibit diverse functions and have demonstrated potential as treatments for various human diseases. The exploration of these compounds has provided valuable insights into their mechanisms of action against cancer cells. In-depth studies have been conducted on clinically established microbial metabolites, unraveling their anticancer properties, and shedding light on their therapeutic potential. This review aims to comprehensively examine the anticancer mechanisms of these established microbial metabolites. Additionally, it highlights the emerging therapies derived from these metabolites, offering a glimpse into the immense potential they hold for anticancer drug discovery. Furthermore, this review delves into approved treatments and major drug candidates currently undergoing clinical trials, focusing on specific molecular targets. It also addresses the challenges and issues encountered in the field of anticancer drug research and development. It also presents a comprehensive exposition of the contemporary panorama concerning microbial metabolites serving as a reservoir for anticancer agents, thereby illuminating their auspicious prospects and the prospect of forthcoming strides in the domain of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileena F Giurini
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aishvarya Godla
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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4
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Mohamed WA, El-Nekhily NA, Mahmoud HE, Hussein AA, Sabra SA. Prodigiosin/celecoxib-loaded into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles as a potential therapy for triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:181. [PMID: 38168547 PMCID: PMC10761898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, breast cancer is considered one of the most upsetting malignancies among females. Encapsulation of celecoxib (CXB) and prodigiosin (PDG) into zein/sodium caseinate nanoparticles (NPs) produce homogenous and spherical nanoparticles with good encapsulation efficiencies (EE %) and bioavailability. In vitro cytotoxicity study conducted on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines revealed that there was a significant decline in the IC50 for encapsulated drugs when compared to each drug alone or their free combination. In addition, results demonstrated that there is a synergism between CXB and PDG as their combination indices were 0.62251 and 0.15493, respectively. Moreover, results of scratch wound healing assay revealed enhanced antimigratory effect of free drugs and fabricated NPs in comparison to untreated cells. Furthermore, In vitro results manifested that formulated nanoparticles exhibited induction of apoptosis associated with reduced angiogenesis, proliferation, and inflammation. In conclusion, nanoencapsulation of multiple drugs into nanoparticles might be a promising approach to develop new therapies for the managing of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Nefertiti A El-Nekhily
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
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Eluu SC, Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Yiporo D, Oko AO, Aina T, Oparah JC, Ezeala CC, Etinosa PO, Ugwu CM, Esimone CO, Soboyejo WO. In-vivo studies of targeted and localized cancer drug release from microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:31. [PMID: 38167999 PMCID: PMC10761815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment is challenging and frequently characterized by an aggressive phenotype and low prognosis in comparison to other subtypes. This paper presents fabricated implantable drug-loaded microporous poly-di-methyl-siloxane (PDMS) devices for the delivery of targeted therapeutic agents [Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated paclitaxel (PTX-LHRH) and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone conjugated prodigiosin (PG-LHRH)] for the treatment and possible prevention of triple-negative cancer recurrence. In vitro assessment using the Alamar blue assay demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in percentage of cell growth in a time-dependent manner in the groups treated with PG, PG-LHRH, PTX, and PTX-LHRH. Subcutaneous triple-negative xenograft breast tumors were then induced in athymic female nude mice that were four weeks old. Two weeks later, the tumors were surgically but partially removed, and the device implanted. Mice were observed for tumor regrowth and organ toxicity. The animal study revealed that there was no tumor regrowth, six weeks post-treatment, when the LHRH targeted drugs (LHRH-PTX and LHRH-PGS) were used for the treatment. The possible cytotoxic effects of the released drugs on the liver, kidney, and lung are assessed using quantitative biochemical assay from blood samples of the treatment groups. Ex vivo histopathological results from organ tissues showed that the targeted cancer drugs released from the implantable drug-loaded device did not induce any adverse effect on the liver, kidneys, or lungs, based on the results of qualitative toxicity studies. The implications of the results are discussed for the targeted and localized treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Eluu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - J D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - A A Salifu
- Department of Engineering, Morrissey College of Arts and Science, Boston College, Boston, USA
| | - D Yiporo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ashesi University, Berekuso, Ghana
| | - A O Oko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal, University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Nigeria
| | - T Aina
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J C Oparah
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - C C Ezeala
- Department of Material Science, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - P O Etinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - C M Ugwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C O Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Ifite Awka, 420110, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - W O Soboyejo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Higgins Lab, Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gateway Park Life Sciences and Bioengineering Centre, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 60 Prescott Street, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 100 Seymour Rd, Utica, NY, 13502, USA.
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6
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Agwa MM, Elmotasem H, Moustafa RI, Abdelsattar AS, Mohy-Eldin MS, Fouda MMG. Advent in proteins, nucleic acids, and biological cell membranes functionalized nanocarriers to accomplish active or homologous tumor targeting for smart amalgamated chemotherapy/photo-therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127460. [PMID: 37866559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer mono-therapeutic approaches including radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy don't always achieve satisfactory outcomes and are frequently associated with significant limitations. Although chemotherapy is a vital intervention, its effectiveness is frequently inadequate and is associated with metastasis, multidrug resistance, off-target effect, and normal cells toxicity. Phototherapies are employed in cancer therapy, encompassing photo-dynamic and photo-thermal therapies which under favorable NIR laser light irradiation initiate the included photosensitizers and photo-thermal agents to generate ROS or thermal heat respectively for cancer cells destruction. Photo-therapy is considered noninvasive, posing no resistance, but it still suffers from several pitfalls like low penetration depth and excessive heat generation affecting neighboring tissues. Improved selectivity and tumor-homing capacity could be attained through surface modulation of nanoparticles with targeting ligands that bind to receptors, which are exclusively overexpressed on cancerous cells. Developing novel modified targeted nanoparticulate platforms integrating different therapeutic modalities like photo-therapy and chemotherapy is a topic of active research. This review aimed to highlight recent advances in proteins, nucleic acids, and biological cell membranes functionalized nanocarriers for smart combinatorial chemotherapy/photo-therapy. Nanocarriers decorated with precise targeting ligands, like aptamers, antibody, and lactoferrin, to achieve active tumor-targeting or camouflaging using various biological cell membrane coating are designed to achieve homologous tumor-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Heba Elmotasem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, (TRT) National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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7
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Pereira RFS, Ferreira MJ, Oliveira MC, Serra MC, de Carvalho CCCR. Isolation and Characterization of a Serratia rubidaea from a Shallow Water Hydrothermal Vent. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:599. [PMID: 38132920 PMCID: PMC10745058 DOI: 10.3390/md21120599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial life present in the marine environment has to be able to adapt to rapidly changing and often extreme conditions. This makes these organisms a putative source of commercially interesting compounds since adaptation provides different biochemical routes from those found in their terrestrial counterparts. In this work, the goal was the identification of a marine bacterium isolated from a sample taken at a shallow water hydrothermal vent and of its red product. Genomic, lipidomic, and biochemical approaches were used simultaneously, and the bacterium was identified as Serratia rubidaea. A high-throughput screening strategy was used to assess the best physico-chemical conditions permitting both cell growth and production of the red product. The fatty acid composition of the microbial cells was studied to assess adaptation at the lipid level under stressful conditions, whilst several state-of-the-art techniques, such as DSC, FTIR, NMR, and Ultra-High Resolution Qq-Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry, were used to characterize the structure of the pigment. We hypothesize that the pigment, which could be produced by the cells up to 62 °C, is prodigiosin linked to an aliphatic compound that acts as an anchor to keep it close to the cells in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F. S. Pereira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.C.O.)
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.J.F.); (M.C.O.)
| | - Maria C. Serra
- Área Departamental de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Saleh N, Mahmoud HE, Eltaher H, Helmy M, El-Khordagui L, Hussein AA. Prodigiosin-Functionalized Probiotic Ghosts as a Bioinspired Combination Against Colorectal Cancer Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1271-1286. [PMID: 36030493 PMCID: PMC10491537 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus ghosts (LAGs) with the unique safety of a probiotic, inherent tropism for colon cells, and multiple bioactivities offer promise as drug carriers for colon targeting. Our objective was to evaluate LAGs functionalized with prodigiosin (PG), apoptotic secondary bacterial metabolite, as a bioinspired formulation against colorectal cancer (CRC). LAGs were prepared by a chemical method and highly purified by density gradient centrifugation. LAGs were characterized by microscopic and staining techniques as relatively small-sized uniform vesicles (≈1.6 µm), nearly devoid of cytoplasmic and genetic materials and having a negatively charged intact envelope. PG was highly bound to LAGs envelope, generating a physiologically stable bioactive entity (PG-LAGs), as verified by multiple microscopic techniques and lack of PG release under physiological conditions. PG-LAGs were active against HCT116 CRC cells at both the cellular and molecular levels. Cell viability data highlighted the cytotoxicity of PG and LAGs and LAGs-induced enhancement of PG selectivity for HCT116 cells, anticipating dose reduction for PG and LAGs. Molecularly, expression of the apoptotic caspase 3 and P53 biomarkers in HCT116 intracellular proteins was significantly upregulated while that of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) was downregulated by PG-LAGs relative to PG and 5-fluorouracil. PG-LAGs provide a novel bacteria-based combination for anticancer biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nessrin Saleh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda E Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Eltaher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies Division, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Maged Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Labiba El-Khordagui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sundararajan P, Dharmaraj Rajaselvi D, Vivekananthan S, Priya Ramasamy S. In-silico method for elucidation of prodigiosin as PARP-1 inhibitor a prime target of Triple-negative breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106618. [PMID: 37244231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is found to be one of the life-threatening cancer. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed by those tumour cells, which become resistant to chemotherapies. Inhibition of PARP-1 has a considerable effect on treating TNBC. Prodigiosin is a valuable pharmaceutical compound that exhibits anticancer properties. The present study aims to virtually evaluate prodigiosin as a potent PARP-1 inhibitor using Molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) prediction tool evaluated the biological properties of prodigiosin. Then the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of prodigiosin were determined using Swiss-ADME software. It was suggested that prodigiosin obeyed Lipinski's rule of five and thus could act as a drug with good pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, molecular docking was done with AutoDock 4.2 to identify the critical amino acids of the protein-ligand complex. It was indicated that prodigiosin has a docking score of -8.08 kcal/mol, which showed its effective interaction with crucial amino acid, His201A of PARP-1 protein. Further, MD simulation was performed using Gromacs software to validate the stability of the prodigiosin-PARP-1 complex. Prodigiosin was found to have good structural stability and affinity at the active site of PARP-1 protein. Additionally, PCA and MM-PBSA were calculated for the prodigiosin-PARP-1 complex, which revealed that prodigiosin has an excellent binding affinity towards PARP-1 protein. Prodigiosin can possibly be used as oral drug due to its PARP-1 inhibition through high binding affinity, structural stability, and receptor flexibility towards crucial amino acid residue His201A of PARP-1 protein. In-addition, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptosis analysis of prodigiosin-treated TNBC cell line-MDA-MB-231 revealed that prodigiosin exhibited significant anticancer activity in 101.1 µg/mL concentration, when compared to commercially available synthetic drug cisplatin. Thus, prodigiosin could act as a potential candidate for treatment of TNBC than the commercially available synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sundararajan
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Suseela Vivekananthan
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmuga Priya Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nwazojie CC, Obayemi JD, Salifu AA, Borbor-Sawyer SM, Uzonwanne VO, Onyekanne CE, Akpan UM, Onwudiwe KC, Oparah JC, Odusanya OS, Soboyejo WO. Targeted drug-loaded PLGA-PCL microspheres for specific and localized treatment of triple negative breast cancer. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:41. [PMID: 37530973 PMCID: PMC10397127 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the experimental and analytical study of targeted drug-loaded polymer-based microspheres made from blend polymer of polylactic-co-glycolic acid and polycaprolactone (PLGA-PCL) for targeted and localized cancer drug delivery. In vitro sustained release with detailed thermodynamically driven drug release kinetics, over a period of three months using encapsulated targeted drugs (prodigiosin-EphA2 or paclitaxel-EphA2) and control drugs [Prodigiosin (PGS), and paclitaxel (PTX)] were studied. Results from in vitro study showed a sustained and localized drug release that is well-characterized by non-Fickian Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model over the range of temperatures of 37 °C (body temperature), 41 °C, and 44 °C (hyperthermic temperatures). The in vitro alamar blue, and flow cytometry assays in the presence of the different drug-loaded polymer formulations resulted to cell death and cytotoxicity that was evidence through cell inhibition and late apoptosis on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (MDA-MB 231). In vivo studies carried out on groups of 4-week-old athymic nude mice that were induced with subcutaneous TNBC, showed that the localized release of the EphA2-conjugated drugs was effective in complete elimination of residual tumor after local surgical resection. Finally, ex vivo histopathological analysis carried out on the euthanized mice revealed no cytotoxicity and absence of breast cancer metastases in the liver, kidney, and lungs 12 weeks after treatment. The implications of the results are then discussed for the development of encapsulated EphA2-conjugated drugs formulation in the specific targeting, localized, and sustain drug release for the elimination of local recurred TNBC tumors after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudalu C Nwazojie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - John D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ali A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, USA
| | - Sandra M Borbor-Sawyer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, Buffalo State University, Buffalo, USA
| | - Vanessa O Uzonwanne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
- Department of Engineering, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, USA
| | - Chinyerem E Onyekanne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Udom M Akpan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Killian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Josephine C Oparah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - Olushola S Odusanya
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Winston O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Km 10 Airport Road, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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11
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Olukanni OD, Abiola T, Dada JB, Dare PA, Ayoade F, Olukanni AT. Resourcefulness of propylprodigiosin isolated from Brevundimonas olei strain RUN-D1. AMB Express 2023; 13:71. [PMID: 37422847 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel red-pigmented bacterium was isolated from a water sample collected at Osun River, Ede. Morphological and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the bacterium is a strain of Brevundimonas olei, while its red pigment was identified using UV-visible, FTIR and GCMS as a derivative of propylprodigiosin. The maximum absorbance of 534 nm, the FTIR's 1344 cm- 1 peak of prodigiosin's methoxyl C-O interaction, and the molecular ions from GCMS confirmed the pigment's identity. The pigments production was temperature-sensitive (25 °C), lost at > 28 °C, and in the presence of urea and humus. In addition, the pigment turned pink in the presence of hydrocarbons, while its red colour was retained with KCN and Fe2SO4, and enhanced by methylparaben. Furthermore, the pigment is stable in high temperature, salt, and acidic conditions, but changed to yellow in alkaline solution. The pigment, identified as propylprodigiosin (m/z 297), demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activities against clinically important strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9077), Bacillus cereus (ATCC10876), Salmonella typhi (ATCC13311), and Escherichia coli (DSM10974). The ethanol extract has the highest zones of inhibition of 29 ± 3.0, 26 ± 1.2, 22 ± 3.0, 22 ± 1.5, and 20 ± 2.0 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the acetone pigments interacted with cellulose and glucose such that increasing glucose concentrations showed linearity at 425 nm. Finally, the fastness of the pigments to fabrics was excellent, with percentage fadedness of 0 and - 43% light and washing tests, respectively, in the presence of Fe2SO4 as the mordant. The antibacterial nature of prodigiosin solutions and their good textile fastness to fabrics could be essential in manufacturing antiseptic materials such as bandages, hospital clothing and agricultural applications such as tubers preservation.Key points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumide D Olukanni
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
| | - Temitope Abiola
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Jonathan B Dada
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Peter A Dare
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Femi Ayoade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo T Olukanni
- Department of Biochemistry, Redeemer's University, PMB 230 Ede, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
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12
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Yan J, Yin Q, Nie H, Liang J, Liu XR, Li Y, Xiao H. Prodigiosin as an antibiofilm agent against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BIOFOULING 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37369552 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2226613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is known for forming bacterial biofilms that confer increased antimicrobial resistance. Combining antibiotics with antibiofilm agents is an alternative approach, but the antibiofilm ability of prodigiosin (PG), a potential antibiotic synergist, against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) S. aureus remains to be understood. The antibiofilm activity of PG against 29 clinical AMR S. aureus strains was evaluated using crystal violet staining, and its synergistic effects with vancomycin (VAN) was confirmed using the checkerboard test. The viability and metabolic activity of biofilms and planktonic cells were also assessed. The results revealed that PG exhibited promising inhibitory activity against biofilm formation and synergistic activity with VAN. It effectively reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms and suppressed the production of exopolysaccharides, which might be attributed to the downregulation of biofilm-related genes such as sarA, agrA, and icaA. These findings suggest that PG could be used as a preventive coating or adjuvant against biofilms in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qi Yin
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinyou Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiang-Ru Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yingli Li
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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13
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Targeting cancer through recently developed purine clubbed heterocyclic scaffolds: An overview. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Anwar MM, Albanese C, Hamdy NM, Sultan AS. Rise of the natural red pigment 'prodigiosin' as an immunomodulator in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 36577970 PMCID: PMC9798661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with multifaceted drug resistance mechanisms (e.g., tumour microenvironment [TME], tumour heterogeneity, and immune evasion). Natural products are interesting repository of bioactive molecules, especially those with anticancer activities. Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, possesses inherent anticancer characteristics, showing interesting antitumour activities in different cancers (e.g., breast, gastric) with low or without harmful effects on normal cells. The present review discusses the potential role of prodigiosin in modulating and reprogramming the metabolism of the various immune cells in the TME, such as T and B lymphocytes, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer (NK) cells, and tumour-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which in turn might introduce as an immunomodulator in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Moustapha Anwar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chris Albanese
- grid.516085.f0000 0004 0606 3221Oncology and Radiology Departments, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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Parma B, Wurdak H, Ceppi P. Harnessing mitochondrial metabolism and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and beyond by blocking heat-shock proteins. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Hassan ESE, Shafaa MW, Faraag AHI, Essawy E, Bakkar AA, Al-Megrin WA, El-Khadragy MF, Abdelfattah MS, Abdel Moneim AE. Evaluation of the antineoplastic property of prodigiosins and 5-fluorouracil in restraining the growth of Ehrlich solid tumors in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83723-83732. [PMID: 35773616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prodigiosins have been shown to have anticancer activities. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is broadly used chemotherapeutic drug that treats different solid tumors including breast cancer but has low response rates and a variety of side effects. In this study, we evaluated the anticancer properties of prodigiosins in a murine model "Ehrlich tumor" and tested whether it can be added to 5-FU to potentiate its effects. Markers of oxidative stress; MDA, NO, and GSH levels were evaluated as well as antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT SOD, GR, and GPx. The levels of Bax, Bcl-2, PCNA, and NF-κB proteins were measured using ELISA kits. The mRNAs of p53 and Cdc2 and Casp3 were quantitatively measured by real-time PCR and ELISA respectively. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometery. Prodigiosins did not influence tumor volume. Prodigiosins have not induced oxidative stress while 5-FU did increase MDA, NO but decreased GSH levels. The combination prodigiosins and 5-FU did reduce oxidative stress markers; MDA, NO and increased GSH levels. Prodigiosins significantly increased CAT only while 5-FU did decreased SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR. The combination prodigiosins and 5-FU increased the levels of these enzymes again. Prodigiosins increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio while the combination deceased it. In conclusion, prodigiosins have pronounced anticancer properties but their combination with 5-FU decreased oxidative stress exerted by 5-FU but weakened the apoptotic effects of 5-FU. Prodigiosins could affect a key mechanism through which 5-FU exerts its tumor inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed S E Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Medhat W Shafaa
- Medical biophysics Division, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H I Faraag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ehab Essawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Bakkar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Sciences and Arts University (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafa A Al-Megrin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F El-Khadragy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
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Araújo RG, Zavala NR, Castillo-Zacarías C, Barocio ME, Hidalgo-Vázquez E, Parra-Arroyo L, Rodríguez-Hernández JA, Martínez-Prado MA, Sosa-Hernández JE, Martínez-Ruiz M, Chen WN, Barceló D, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R. Recent Advances in Prodigiosin as a Bioactive Compound in Nanocomposite Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154982. [PMID: 35956931 PMCID: PMC9370345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bionanocomposites based on natural bioactive entities have gained importance due to their abundance; renewable and environmentally benign nature; and outstanding properties with applied perspective. Additionally, their formulation with biological molecules with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities has been produced nowadays. The present review details the state of the art and the importance of this pyrrolic compound produced by microorganisms, with interest towards Serratia marcescens, including production strategies at a laboratory level and scale-up to bioreactors. Promising results of its biological activity have been reported to date, and the advances and applications in bionanocomposites are the most recent strategy to potentiate and to obtain new carriers for the transport and controlled release of prodigiosin. Prodigiosin, a bioactive secondary metabolite, produced by Serratia marcescens, is an effective proapoptotic agent against bacterial and fungal strains as well as cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this molecule presents antioxidant activity, which makes it ideal for treating wounds and promoting the general improvement of the immune system. Likewise, some of the characteristics of prodigiosin, such as hydrophobicity, limit its use for medical and biotechnological applications; however, this can be overcome by using it as a component of a bionanocomposite. This review focuses on the chemistry and the structure of the bionanocomposites currently developed using biorenewable resources. Moreover, the work illuminates recent developments in pyrrole-based bionanocomposites, with special insight to its application in the medical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G. Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Natalia Rodríguez Zavala
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (TecNM-ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico
| | - Carlos Castillo-Zacarías
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Ciudad Universitaria S/N, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Mario E. Barocio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - Lizeth Parra-Arroyo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - María Adriana Martínez-Prado
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango (TecNM-ITD), Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Wei Ning Chen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Edifici H2O, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (H.M.N.I.); (R.P.-S.)
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18
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Synthesis, Anticancer Potential and Comprehensive Toxicity Studies of Novel Brominated Derivatives of Bacterial Biopigment Prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123729. [PMID: 35744855 PMCID: PMC9227013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosins (prodiginines) are a class of bacterial secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and color. In this study, optimized production, purification, and characterization of prodigiosin (PG) from easily accessible Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 strain has been achieved to levels of 14 mg/L of culture within 24 h. Furthermore, environmentally friendly bromination of produced PG was used to afford both novel mono- and dibrominated derivatives of PG. PG and its Br derivatives showed anticancer potential with IC50 values range 0.62–17.00 µg/mL for all tested cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis but low selectivity against healthy cell lines. All compounds did not affect Caenorhabditiselegans at concentrations up to 50 µg/mL. However, an improved toxicity profile of Br derivatives in comparison to parent PG was observed in vivo using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system, when 10 µg/mL applied at 6 h post fertilization caused death rate of 100%, 30% and 0% by PG, PG-Br, and PG-Br2, respectively, which is a significant finding for further structural optimizations of bacterial prodigiosins. The drug-likeness of PG and its Br derivatives was examined, and the novel Br derivatives obey the Lipinski’s “rule of five”, with an exemption of being more lipophilic than PG, which still makes them good targets for further structural optimization.
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19
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Islan GA, Rodenak-Kladniew B, Noacco N, Duran N, Castro GR. Prodigiosin: a promising biomolecule with many potential biomedical applications. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14227-14258. [PMID: 35734783 PMCID: PMC9342244 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments are among the most fascinating molecules found in nature and used by human civilizations since the prehistoric ages. Although most of the bio-dyes reported in the literature were discovered around the eighties, the necessity to explore novel compounds for new biological applications has made them resurface as potential alternatives. Prodigiosin (PG) is an alkaloid red bio-dye produced by diverse microorganisms and composed of a linear tripyrrole chemical structure. PG emerges as a really interesting tool since it shows a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, algicidal, anti-Chagas, anti-amoebic, antimalarial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral, and/or immunosuppressive. However, PG vehiculation into different delivery systems has been proposed since possesses low bioavailability because of its high hydrophobic character (XLogP3-AA = 4.5). In the present review, the general aspects of the PG correlated with synthesis, production process, and biological activities are reported. Besides, some of the most relevant PG delivery systems described in the literature, as well as novel unexplored applications to potentiate its biological activity in biomedical applications, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Islan
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Boris Rodenak-Kladniew
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Pcia de Bueos aires, Argentina
| | - Nehuen Noacco
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nelson Duran
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of Abc (Ufabc), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,. Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG). Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de RosarioMax Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Rosario, Argentina
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20
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Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Inhibitors as Anticancer Medicines: A Review on the Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches over the Past Five Years. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2147763. [PMID: 35685897 PMCID: PMC9173959 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2147763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells in different anatomic sites. In 2018, it was predicted that the worldwide cancer burden would rise to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths. Anticancer compounds, often known as chemotherapeutic medicines, have gained much interest in recent cancer research. These medicines work through various biological processes in targeting cells at various stages of the cell's life cycle. One of the most significant roadblocks to developing anticancer drugs is that traditional chemotherapy affects normal cells and cancer cells, resulting in substantial side effects. Recently, advancements in new drug development methodologies and the prediction of the targeted interatomic and intermolecular ligand interaction sites have been beneficial. This has prompted further research into developing and discovering novel chemical species as preferred therapeutic compounds against specific cancer types. Identifying new drug molecules with high selectivity and specificity for cancer is a prerequisite in the treatment and management of the disease. The overexpression of HSP90 occurs in patients with cancer, and the HSP90 triggers unstable harmful kinase functions, which enhance carcinogenesis. Therefore, the development of potent HSP90 inhibitors with high selectivity and specificity becomes very imperative. The activities of HSP90 as chaperones and cochaperones are complex due to the conformational dynamism, and this could be one of the reasons why no HSP90 drugs have made it beyond the clinical trials. Nevertheless, HSP90 modulations appear to be preferred due to the competitive inhibition of the targeted N-terminal adenosine triphosphate pocket. This study, therefore, presents an overview of the various computational models implored in the development of HSP90 inhibitors as anticancer medicines. We hereby suggest an extensive investigation of advanced computational modelling of the three different domains of HSP90 for potent, effective inhibitor design with minimal off-target effects.
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Mirzaeinia S, Zeinali S, Budisa N, Karbalaei-Heidari HR. Targeted Codelivery of Prodigiosin and Simvastatin Using Smart BioMOF: Functionalization by Recombinant Anti-VEGFR1 scFv. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866275. [PMID: 35402395 PMCID: PMC8987009 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological metal-organic frameworks (BioMOFs) are hybrid compounds in which metal nodes are linked to biocompatible organic ligands and have potential for medical application. Herein, we developed a novel BioMOF modified with an anti-VEGFR1 scFv antibody (D16F7 scFv). Our BioMOF is co-loaded with a combination of an anticancer compound and a lipid-lowering drug to simultaneously suppress the proliferation, growth rate and metastases of cancer cells in cell culture model system. In particular, Prodigiosin (PG) and Simvastatin (SIM) were co-loaded into the newly synthesized Ca-Gly BioMOF nanoparticles coated with maltose and functionalized with a recombinant maltose binding protein-scFv fragment of anti-VEGFR1 (Ca-Gly-Maltose-D16F7). The nanoformulation, termed PG + SIM-NP-D16F7, has been shown to have strong active targeting behavior towards VEGFR1-overexpresing cancer cells. Moreover, the co-delivery of PG and SIM not only effectively inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells, but also prevents their invasion and metastasis. The PG + SIM-NP-D16F7 nanocarrier exhibited stronger cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects compared to mono-treatment of free drugs and drug-loaded nanoparticles. Smart co-delivery of PG and SIM on BioMOF nanoparticles had synergistic effects on growth inhibition and prevented cancer cell metastasis. The present nanoplatform can be introduced as a promising tool for chemotherapy compared with mono-treatment and/or non-targeted formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Mirzaeinia
- Molecular Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedighe Zeinali
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nediljko Budisa, ; Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari,
| | - Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari
- Molecular Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Nediljko Budisa, ; Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari,
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22
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Mnif S, Jardak M, Bouizgarne B, Aifa S. Prodigiosin from Serratia: Synthesis and potential applications. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.345515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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23
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Aboras SI, Korany MA, Abdine HH, Ragab MAA, El Diwany A, Agwa MM. HPLC with fluorescence detection for the bioanalysis and pharmacokinetic study of Doxorubicin and Prodigiosin loaded on eco-friendly casein nanomicelles in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123043. [PMID: 34837816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient, and sensitive liquid chromatographic assay hyphenated to fluorometric detector (HPLC-FLD) was developed and validated for the determination of doxorubicin (DXR) and prodigiosin (PDG) in rat plasma. The sample pre-treatment involves a protein precipitation with acetonitrile with satisfying extraction efficiency (98% and 85% for DXR and PDG, respectively). The chromatographic separation was accomplished using stationary phase: Agilent Zorbax Eclipse plus-C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and gradient eluting mobile phase of ammonium acetate (pH = 3), acetonitrile and methanol with programmed fluorescence detection. As the proposed method has been validated, it was subsequently implemented to evaluate DXR and PDG loaded on novel eco-friendly Casein nano drug delivery system after intravenous injection in healthy rats. A comparative pharmacokinetics' study was carried out in rats for DXR in free form, DXR alone entrapped in the nanomicelle and DXR with PDG entrapped in the nano micelle. After testing the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of the different formulations using ANOVA, the results showed insignificant differences among the tested parameters. This indicates that the presented nanomicelle delivery system has succeeded to incorporate PDG and DXR in a hydrophilic, safe, and potent formulation. This novel nanomicelle has negligible effect on the distribution and elimination of DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Aboras
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Korany
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Heba H Abdine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Ragab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Alexandria, El-Messalah, Alexandria 21521, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El Diwany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
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24
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PLGA-CS-PEG Microparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery in the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11157112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the development of controlled PLGA-CS-PEG microspheres, which are used to encapsulate model anticancer drugs (prodigiosin (PGS) or paclitaxel (PTX)) for controlled breast cancer treatment. The PLGA microspheres are blended with hydrophilic polymers (chitosan and polyethylene glycol) in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that were synthesized via a water-oil-water (W/O/W) solvent evaporation technique. Chitosan (CS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used as surface-modifying additives to improve the biocompatibility and reduce the adsorption of plasma proteins onto the microsphere surfaces. These PLGA-CS-PEG microspheres are loaded with varying concentrations (5 and 8 mg/mL) of PGS or PTX, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the morphological properties while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to elucidate the functional groups of drug-loaded PLGA-CS-PEG microparticles. A thirty-day, in vitro, encapsulated drug (PGS or PTX) release was carried out at 37 °C, which corresponds to human body temperature, and at 41 °C and 44 °C, which correspond to hyperthermic temperatures. The thermodynamics and kinetics of in vitro drug release were also elucidated using a combination of mathematical models and the experimental results. The exponents of the Korsmeyer–Peppas model showed that the kinetics of drug release was well characterized by anomalous non-Fickian drug release. Endothermic and nonspontaneous processes are also associated with the thermodynamics of drug release. Finally, the controlled in vitro release of cancer drugs (PGS and PTX) is shown to decrease the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The implications of the results are discussed for the development of drug-encapsulated PLGA-CS-PEG microparticles for the controlled release of cancer drugs in treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
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Butylcycloheptylprodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin are potential photosensitizer candidates for photodynamic cancer therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5965-5975. [PMID: 34331180 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prodiginines are bacterial red polypyrrole pigments and multifaceted secondary metabolites. These agents have anti-proliferative, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Recent analysis revealed that prodigiosin hypersensitizes Serratia marcescens to gamma radiation. In the present study, we report the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of undecylprodigiosin and butylcycloheptylprodigiosin in the presence and absence of radiation through the MTT and alkaline comet experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS Findings demonstrated that undecylprodigiosin was at least a fivefold more cytotoxic at low radiation doses (1 and 3 Gy) on both MCF7 and HDF lines rather than in the absence or high radiation doses (5 Gy) (P value < 0.05). Although butylcycloheptylprodigiosin toxicity on MCF7 and HDF was dose-dependent, it was not influenced by any radiation doses (P value > 0.05). Comet findings confirmed that these compounds' genotoxicity is only dose-dependent. Radiation had no significant effects on DNA damage on any of the cells (P value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In general, it can be concluded that the prodiginines are cytotoxic agents that act as a double-edged sword, radiosensitizers and radio-protective, respectively at low and high radiation doses in cancer treatment process. As the results they could be used in antitumor therapies very soon.
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26
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Ren X, Xie X, Chen B, Liu L, Jiang C, Qian Q. Marine Natural Products: A Potential Source of Anti-hepatocellular Carcinoma Drugs. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7879-7899. [PMID: 34128674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has high associated morbidity and mortality rates. Although chemical medication represents a primary HCC treatment strategy, low response rates and therapeutic resistance serve to reduce its efficacy. Hence, identifying novel effective drugs is urgently needed, and many researchers have sought to identify new anti-cancer drugs from marine organisms. The marine population is considered a "blue drug bank" of unique anti-cancer compounds with diverse groups of chemical structures. Here, we discuss marine-derived compounds, including PM060184 and bryostatin-1, with demonstrated anti-cancer activity in vitro or in vivo. Based on the marine source (sponges, algae, coral, bacteria, and fungi), we introduce pharmacological parameters, compound-induced cytotoxicity, effects on apoptosis and metastasis, and potential molecular mechanisms. Cumulatively, this review provides insights into anti-HCC research conducted to date in the field of marine natural products and marine-derived compounds, as well as the potential pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds and their status in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghai Ren
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430071, China
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Choi SY, Lim S, Yoon KH, Lee JI, Mitchell RJ. Biotechnological Activities and Applications of Bacterial Pigments Violacein and Prodigiosin. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:10. [PMID: 33706806 PMCID: PMC7948353 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss violacein and prodigiosin, two chromogenic bacterial secondary metabolites that have diverse biological activities. Although both compounds were "discovered" more than seven decades ago, interest into their biological applications has grown in the last two decades, particularly driven by their antimicrobial and anticancer properties. These topics will be discussed in the first half of this review. The latter half delves into the current efforts of groups to produce these two compounds. This includes in both their native bacterial hosts and heterogeneously in other bacterial hosts, including discussing some of the caveats related to the yields reported in the literature, and some of the synthetic biology techniques employed in this pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yeol Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sungbin Lim
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hye Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Jin I Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Mirae Campus, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| | - Robert J Mitchell
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea.
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Poddar K, Padhan B, Sarkar D, Sarkar A. Purification and optimization of pink pigment produced by newly isolated bacterial strain Enterobacter sp. PWN1. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPigment-producing bacteria were isolated from kitchen wastewaters of the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. A pink non-virulent bacterial strain PWN1 was selected based on the India Ink Broth and Coomassie Brilliant Blue (R-250) dye assay. According to morphological and biochemical characterization, the strain PWN1was a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-coliform bacterium and could utilize only glucose and adonitol as sole carbon source. The pigment was found to be a growth-associated product, and the pigment production was accelerated after 40 h of bacterial culture. Further, 16S rRNA gene-based molecular identification showed its similarity with Enterobacter sp. The pigments were extracted by the solvent extraction method using chloroform and ethanol (3:1). The extracted pigments were then purified through thin-layer chromatography and column chromatography. To maximize pigment production, the culture condition was optimized for maximum biomass production using statistical software Design Expert v13. A quadratic model was structured describing the process efficiently and it suggested a moderate temperature, pH, and a high inoculum concentration which generated biomass of 3.81 ± 0.02 g/L. At optimized condition, 1 L of cell culture produced 3.77 g of biomass which produced a crude pigment of 0.234 g after solvent extraction and 0.131 g after column chromatography, implying a yield of 6.2% for crude pigment and 3.47% for purified pigment from biomass. The yield of the obtained pigment was high enough to draw interest for industrial production, although the application of the pigment is considerable for further study.
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Utilization of Crab Waste for Cost-Effective Bioproduction of Prodigiosin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110523. [PMID: 33105706 PMCID: PMC7690397 DOI: 10.3390/md18110523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish the culture process for the cost-effective production of prodigiosin (PG) from demineralized crab shell powder (de-CSP), a fishery processing byproduct created via fermentation. Among the tested PG-producing strains, Serratia marcescens TNU02 was demonstrated to be the most active strain. Various ratios of protein/de-CSP were used as the sources of C/N for PG biosynthesis. The PG yield was significantly enhanced when the casein/de-CSP ratio was controlled in the range of 3/7 to 4/6. TNU02 produced PG with a high yield (5100 mg/L) in a 15 L bioreactor system containing 4.5 L of a newly-designed liquid medium containing 1.6% C/N source (protein/de-CSP ratio of 3/7), 0.02% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% K2HPO4, and an initial pH of 6.15, at 27 °C for 8 h in dark conditions. The red pigment was purified from the culture broth and then quantified as being PG by specific Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and UV spectra analysis. The purified PG demonstrated moderate antioxidant and effective inhibition against four cancerous cell lines. Notably, this study was the first to report on using crab wastes for PG bioproduction with high-level productivity (5100 mg/L) in a large scale (4.5 L per pilot) in a short period of fermentation time (8 h). The salt compositions, including (NH4)2SO4 and K2HPO4, were also a novel finding for the enhancement of PG yield by S. marcescens in this report.
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