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Sundararajan P, Dharmaraj Rajaselvi D, Vivekananthan S, Priya Ramasamy S. In-silico method for elucidation of prodigiosin as PARP-1 inhibitor a prime target of Triple-negative breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106618. [PMID: 37244231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is found to be one of the life-threatening cancer. Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is overexpressed by those tumour cells, which become resistant to chemotherapies. Inhibition of PARP-1 has a considerable effect on treating TNBC. Prodigiosin is a valuable pharmaceutical compound that exhibits anticancer properties. The present study aims to virtually evaluate prodigiosin as a potent PARP-1 inhibitor using Molecular docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation studies. The PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances) prediction tool evaluated the biological properties of prodigiosin. Then the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of prodigiosin were determined using Swiss-ADME software. It was suggested that prodigiosin obeyed Lipinski's rule of five and thus could act as a drug with good pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, molecular docking was done with AutoDock 4.2 to identify the critical amino acids of the protein-ligand complex. It was indicated that prodigiosin has a docking score of -8.08 kcal/mol, which showed its effective interaction with crucial amino acid, His201A of PARP-1 protein. Further, MD simulation was performed using Gromacs software to validate the stability of the prodigiosin-PARP-1 complex. Prodigiosin was found to have good structural stability and affinity at the active site of PARP-1 protein. Additionally, PCA and MM-PBSA were calculated for the prodigiosin-PARP-1 complex, which revealed that prodigiosin has an excellent binding affinity towards PARP-1 protein. Prodigiosin can possibly be used as oral drug due to its PARP-1 inhibition through high binding affinity, structural stability, and receptor flexibility towards crucial amino acid residue His201A of PARP-1 protein. In-addition, in-vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptosis analysis of prodigiosin-treated TNBC cell line-MDA-MB-231 revealed that prodigiosin exhibited significant anticancer activity in 101.1 µg/mL concentration, when compared to commercially available synthetic drug cisplatin. Thus, prodigiosin could act as a potential candidate for treatment of TNBC than the commercially available synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sundararajan
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Suseela Vivekananthan
- Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmuga Priya Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ramasamy SP, Rajendran A, Pallikondaperumal M, Sundararajan P, Husain FM, Khan A, Hakeem MJ, Alyousef AA, Albalawi T, Alam P, Ali HM, Alqasim A. Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Studies of Leaf Extract of Simarouba glauca DC In Vitro. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010059. [PMID: 35052936 PMCID: PMC8773097 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to screen the preliminary phytochemicals in the leaf extract of the medicinal plant Simarouba glauca and to analyze its potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. The phytochemical profile of the methanol extract was analyzed, and bioactive compounds were identified using chromatography, FTIR and GCMS. Antimicrobial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined against 14 bacterial and 6 fungal strains. Moreover, the synergistic effect of a plant extract with commercially available antibiotics was also evaluated using the checkerboard method. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed exclusive activity against S. aureus and profound activity against E. coli and S. marcescens. Upon comparing breakpoints, methanolic extract demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity with a MIC value of 3.2 mg/mL against the test pathogens. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated potential antioxidant activity; methanol extract had higher antioxidant potential compared to the ethanol extract. The major proactive bioactive compound with maximum antioxidant capacity was observed to be terpenoids. The methanol extract of S. glauca showed significant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 16.12 µg/mL. The overall results of our work provide significant evidence for the usage of methanolic extract of S. glauca as an efficient ethnomedicinal agent and a potential candidate for relieving many human ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmuga Priya Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India; (A.R.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.R.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Anitha Rajendran
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India; (A.R.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | | | - Priya Sundararajan
- Department of Microbiology, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore 641014, India; (A.R.); (M.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.P.R.); (F.M.H.)
| | - Altaf Khan
- Central Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Jamal Hakeem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah A. Alyousef
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Thamer Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.); (P.A.)
| | - Hazim M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulaziz Alqasim
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (A.A.)
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Ramasamy SP, Chandrasekaran S, Jayakumar CR, Mallick AS. A case of Dandy Walker cyst with porencephaly. Singapore Med J 1992; 33:196-7. [PMID: 1621130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A 27-year-old gravida two para one mother delivered a term male baby by caesarean section. The baby was referred for enlarged head. This neonate with large head was found to have Porencephalic cyst with dilated Triventricular system. There was a posterior fossa cyst communicating with fourth ventricle. A diagnosis of Dandy Walker Cyst with Porencephaly was made. Ventriculo-Peritoneal shunt was done on the ninth day of life. The baby had an uneventful postoperative period and was subsequently discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ramasamy
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan
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