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Peng Y, Li C, Zhang L, Yu R, Wang Y, Pan L, Guo H, Wei Y, Liu X. Cyclophilin A promotes porcine deltacoronavirus replication by regulating autophagy via the Ras/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Vet Microbiol 2024; 297:110190. [PMID: 39084161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an important enteric coronavirus that has caused major worldwide economic losses in the pig industry. Previous studies have shown that cyclophilin A (CypA), a key player in aetiological agent infection, is involved in regulating viral infection. However, the role of CypA during PDCoV replication remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the role of CypA in PDCoV replication was determined. The results demonstrated that PDCoV infection increased CypA expression in LLC-PK1 cells. CypA overexpression substantially promoted PDCoV replication. Proteomic analysis was subsequently used to assess changes in total protein expression levels after CypA overexpression. Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were used to further determine the mechanisms by which CypA affects viral replication. Proteomic analysis revealed that CypA protein overexpression significantly upregulated 75 differentially expressed proteins and significantly downregulated 172 differentially expressed proteins. The differentially expressed proteins were involved mainly in autophagy and activation of the host innate immune pathway. Subsequent experimental results revealed that the CypA protein promoted viral replication by reducing the levels of natural immune cytokines and mitigated the inhibitory effect of chloroquine (CQ) on viral replication. Further investigation revealed that CypA could activate the Ras/AKT/NF-κB pathway, mediate autophagy signalling and promote PDCoV replication. In summary, the findings of this study may help elucidate the role of CypA in PDCoV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Chenchen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Ruiming Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, PR China.
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Durkal Y, İnci K, Tokgun O, Yilmaz U, Yılmaz BC. Integrative analysis of ex vivo studies and microarray reveals the novel inhibitor effects of trehalose on the pathogenesis of pterygium. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14571. [PMID: 39013779 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Pterygium is a frequent eye surface condition that is characterized by a high rate of proliferation, fibrovascular development, cellular migration, corneal infiltration, and angiogenesis. We investigated that ex vivo primary pterygium and conjunctival cell cultures were generated to analyze the effect of trehalose on cellular proliferation. After trehalose treatment, we performed microarray analysis to evaluate changes in the mRNA profile. We analyzed gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways to identify hub genes that changed expression levels after treatment and were associated with pterygium development. We selected three genes to verify their expression levels using qRT-PCR. The study also evaluated the impact of trehalose treatment on cell migration through a wound-healing assay. Our results suggested that pterygium cell proliferation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by trehalose. 2354 DEG were identified in pterygium and conjunctiva cells treated with trehalose compared to untreated groups. Functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs are involved in proliferation, vasculature development, and cell migration. We identified ten hub genes including upregulated (RANBP3L, SLC5A3, RERG, ANKRD1, DHCR7, RAB27B, GPRC5B, MSMO1, ASPN, DRAM1) and downregulated (TNC, PTGS2, GREM2, NPTX1, NR4A1, HMOX1, CXCL12, IL6, MYH2, TXNIP). Microarray analysis and functional investigations suggest that trehalose affects the pathogenesis of pterygium by modifying the expression of genes involved in crucial pathways related to cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Durkal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Kubilay İnci
- Department of Cancer Molecular Biology, Institution of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onur Tokgun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ugur Yilmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Banu Candan Yılmaz
- Department of Cancer Molecular Biology, Institution of Health Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Su HY, Yang JJ, Zou R, An N, Chen XC, Yang C, Yang HJ, Yao CW, Liu HF. Autophagy in peritoneal fibrosis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1187207. [PMID: 37256065 PMCID: PMC10226653 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1187207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a widely accepted renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Morphological and functional changes occur in the peritoneal membranes (PMs) of patients undergoing long-term PD. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a common PD-related complication that ultimately leads to PM injury and peritoneal ultrafiltration failure. Autophagy is a cellular process of "self-eating" wherein damaged organelles, protein aggregates, and pathogenic microbes are degraded to maintain intracellular environment homeostasis and cell survival. Growing evidence shows that autophagy is involved in fibrosis progression, including renal fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis, in various organs. Multiple risk factors, including high-glucose peritoneal dialysis solution (HGPDS), stimulate the activation of autophagy, which participates in PF progression, in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Nevertheless, the underlying roles and mechanisms of autophagy in PF progression remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the key roles and potential mechanisms of autophagy in PF to offer novel perspectives on future therapy strategies for PF and their limitations.
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Trionfetti F, Marchant V, González-Mateo GT, Kawka E, Márquez-Expósito L, Ortiz A, López-Cabrera M, Ruiz-Ortega M, Strippoli R. Novel Aspects of the Immune Response Involved in the Peritoneal Damage in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients under Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5763. [PMID: 36982834 PMCID: PMC10059714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence is growing worldwide, with a significant percentage of CKD patients reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and requiring kidney replacement therapies (KRT). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a convenient KRT presenting benefices as home therapy. In PD patients, the peritoneum is chronically exposed to PD fluids containing supraphysiologic concentrations of glucose or other osmotic agents, leading to the activation of cellular and molecular processes of damage, including inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, peritonitis episodes enhance peritoneum inflammation status and accelerate peritoneal injury. Here, we review the role of immune cells in the damage of the peritoneal membrane (PM) by repeated exposure to PD fluids during KRT as well as by bacterial or viral infections. We also discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of current clinical treatments of CKD patients in KRT and their potential effect on preserving PM integrity. Finally, given the current importance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, we also analyze here the implications of this disease in CKD and KRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe T. González-Mateo
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Premium Research, S.L., 19005 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry St., 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Cell-Cell Communication & Inflammation Unit, Centre for Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN/RICORS2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L., Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
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5
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Wang R, Guo T, Li J. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal Adhesion. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101498. [PMID: 36291710 PMCID: PMC9599397 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial–mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Tiankang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Junliang Li
- The First School of Clinical Medical, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Tian L, Gan C, Liu H, Yin W, Ye T. Blueberry Juice Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis via Blocking the TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:825915. [PMID: 35418869 PMCID: PMC8996108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.825915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal, and chronic lung disease, lacking a validated and effective therapy. Blueberry has demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether blueberry juice (BBJ) could ameliorate IPF. Experiments in vitro revealed that BBJ could significantly reduce the expressions of TGF-β1 modulated fibrotic protein, which were involved in the cascade of fibrosis in NIH/3T3 cells and human pulmonary fibroblasts. In addition, for rat primary lung fibroblasts (RPLFs), BBJ promoted the cell apoptosis along with reducing the expressions of α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen I, while increasing the E-cadherin level. Furthermore, BBJ could reverse epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotypic changes and inhibit cell migration, along with inducing the upregulation of E-cadherin in A549 cells. Compared with the vehicle group, BBJ treatment alleviated fibrotic pathological changes and collagen deposition in both bleomycin-induced prevention and treatment pulmonary fibrosis models. In fibrotic lung tissues, BBJ remarkably suppressed the expressions of collagen I, α-SMA, and vimentin and improved E-cadherin, which may be related to its inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and anti-inflammation efficacy. Taken together, these findings comprehensively proved that BBJ could effectively prevent and attenuate idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing EMT and the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Li
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University-Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tian
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Linh H, Iwata Y, Senda Y, Sakai-Takemori Y, Nakade Y, Oshima M, Yoneda-Nakagawa S, Ogura H, Sato K, Minami T, Kitajima S, Toyama T, Yamamura Y, Miyakawa T, Hara A, Shimizu M, Furuichi K, Sakai N, Yamada H, Asanuma K, Matsushima K, Wada T. Intestinal Bacterial Translocation Contributes to Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1105-1119. [PMID: 35264456 PMCID: PMC9161796 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, many studies have focused on the intestinal environment to elucidate pathogenesis of various diseases, including kidney diseases. Impairment of the intestinal barrier function, the "leaky gut," reportedly contributes to pathological processes in some disorders. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), a component of innate immunity, maintains intestinal integrity. The effects of disrupted intestinal homeostasis associated with MAVS signaling in diabetic kidney disease remains unclear. Methods To evaluate the contribution of intestinal barrier impairment to kidney injury under diabetic conditions, we induced diabetic kidney disease in wild-type and MAVS knockout mice through unilateral nephrectomy and streptozotocin treatment. We then assessed effects on the kidney, intestinal injuries, and bacterial translocation. Results MAVS knockout diabetic mice showed more severe glomerular and tubular injuries compared with wild-type diabetic mice. Owing to impaired intestinal integrity, the presence of intestine-derived Klebsiella oxytoca and elevated IL-17 were detected in the circulation and kidneys of diabetic mice, especially in diabetic MAVS knockout mice. Stimulation of tubular epithelial cells with K. oxytoca activated MAVS pathways and the phosphorylation of Stat3 and ERK1/2, leading to the production of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Nevertheless, MAVS inhibition induced inflammation in the intestinal epithelial cells and KIM-1 production in tubular epithelial cells under K. oxytoca supernatant or IL-17 stimulation. Treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-17 antibody treatment had renoprotective effects. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide administration accelerated kidney injury in the murine diabetic kidney disease model. Conclusions Impaired MAVS signaling both in the kidney and intestine contributes to the disrupted homeostasis, leading to diabetic kidney disease progression. Controlling intestinal homeostasis may offer a novel therapeutic approach for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Linh
- H Linh, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Y Iwata, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Senda
- Y Senda, Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sakai-Takemori
- Y Sakai-Takemori, Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakade
- Y Nakade, Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Oshima
- M Oshima, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Yoneda-Nakagawa
- S Yoneda-Nakagawa, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Ogura
- H Ogura, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- K Sato, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taichiro Minami
- T Minami, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitajima
- S Kitajima, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Toyama
- T Toyama, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamura
- Y Yamamura, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Taro Miyakawa
- T Miyakawa, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akinori Hara
- A Hara, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Miho Shimizu
- M Shimizu, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Furuichi
- K Furuichi, Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kahoku-gun, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- N Sakai, Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- H Yamada, Department of Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- K Asanuma, Department of Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- K Matsushima, Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Takashi Wada
- T Wada, Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Qian G, Adeyanju O, Roy S, Sunil C, Jeffers A, Guo X, Ikebe M, Idell S, Tucker TA. DOCK2 Promotes Pleural Fibrosis by Modulating Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:171-182. [PMID: 34710342 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0175oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) is one of the crucial mechanisms underlying pleural fibrosis, which results in restrictive lung disease. DOCK2 plays important roles in immune functions, however, its role in pleural fibrosis particularly MesoMT remains unknown. We found that DOCK2 and the MesoMT maker α-SMA were significantly elevated and colocalized in the thickened pleura of patients with nonspecific pleuritis, suggesting the involvement of DOCK2 in the pathogenesis of MesoMT and pleural fibrosis. Likewise, data from three different pleural fibrosis models (TGF-β, carbon black/bleomycin, and streptococcal empyema) consistently demonstrated DOCK2 upregulation and its colocalization with α-SMA in the pleura. In addition, induced DOCK2 colocalized with the mesothelial marker calretinin, implicating DOCK2 in the regulation of MesoMT. Our in vivo data also showed that DOCK2 knockout mice were protected from Streptococcus pneumoniae induced pleural fibrosis, impaired lung compliance, and collagen deposition. To determine the involvement of DOCK2 in MesoMT, we treated primary human pleural mesothelial cells with the potent MesoMT inducer TGF-β. TGF-β significantly induced DOCK2 expression in a time-dependent manner, along with α-SMA, collagen 1, and fibronectin. Furthermore, DOCK2 knockdown significantly attenuated TGF-β induced α-SMA, collagen 1 and fibronectin expression, suggesting the importance of DOCK2 in TGF-β induced MesoMT. DOCK2 knockdown also inhibited TGF-β induced Snail upregulation, which may account for its role in regulating MesoMT. Taken together, the current study provides evidence that DOCK2 contributes to the pathogenesis of pleural fibrosis by mediating MesoMT and deposition of neomatrix and may represent a novel target for its prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Qian
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States;
| | - Oluwaseun Adeyanju
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Saptarshi Roy
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Christudas Sunil
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Xia Guo
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 12341, Texas Lung Injury Institute, Tyler, Texas, United States
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Wang X, Song W, Zhang F, Huang R. Dihydroartemisinin Inhibits TGF-β-Induced Fibrosis in Human Tenon Fibroblasts via Inducing Autophagy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:973-981. [PMID: 33688170 PMCID: PMC7937381 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s280322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The formation of hypertrophic scars (HS) can result in the failure of glaucoma surgery, and fibrosis is known to be closely associated with the progression of HS. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been reported to inhibit the progression of fibrosis; however, whether DHA can alleviate the formation of HS remains unclear. Methods In the present study, in order to examine the effects of DHA on the progression of HS, human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) were isolated from patients who underwent glaucoma surgery. In addition, Western blot analysis, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 α staining and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were performed to detect protein and mRNA expression levels in the HTFs, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by Ki67 staining. Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the HTFs. Results The results revealed that TGF-β promoted the proliferation and fibrosis of HTFs; however, DHA significantly reversed the effects of TGF-β by increasing cell autophagy. In addition, DHA notably induced the apoptosis of TGF-β-stimulated HTFs by increasing the ROS levels, while these increases were partially reversed by 3-methyladenine. Furthermore, DHA notably increased the expression of microRNA (miR)-145-5p in HTFs in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that DHA inhibits the TGF-β-induced fibrosis of HTFs by inducing autophagy. These findings may aid in the development of novel agents for the prevention of the formation of HS following glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuqi Song
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Renping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
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