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Barzkar N, Bunphueak P, Chamsodsai P, Muangrod P, Thumthanaruk B, Rungsardthong V, Tabtimmai L. Jellyfish protein hydrolysates: Multifunctional bioactivities unveiled in the battle against diabetes, inflammation, and bacterial pathogenesis. Microb Pathog 2024; 191:106648. [PMID: 38641070 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the multifunctional bioactivities of pepsin-hydrolyzed jellyfish by-products (Rhopilema hispidum and Lobonema smithii), focusing on their anti-α-glucosidase activity, anti-inflammatory effects, anti-bacterial properties, and ability to inhibit biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings revealed that jellyfish protein hydrolysates, particularly from Rhopilema hispidum, exhibit significant anti-α-glucosidase activity, surpassing the well-known α-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose. Furthermore, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory capabilities of these hydrolysates in suppressing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cells. This effect was dose-dependent and non-cytotoxic, highlighting the hydrolysate potential in treating inflammation-related conditions. Regarding anti-bacterial activity, pepsin-hydrolyzed jellyfish selectively exhibited a potent effect against S. aureus, including Methicillin-susceptible and Methicillin-resistant strains. This activity was evident at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 25 μg/mL for S. aureus ATCC10832, while a modest effect was observed against other Gram-positive strains. The hydrolysates effectively delayed bacterial growth dose-dependently, suggesting their use as alternative agents against bacterial infections. Most notably, pepsin-hydrolyzed jellyfish showed significant anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus. The umbrella section hydrolysate of Rhopilema hispidum was particularly effective, reducing biofilm formation through downregulating the icaA gene, crucial for biofilm development. Furthermore, the hydrolysates modulated the expression of the agrA gene, a key regulator in the pathogenesis of S. aureus. In conclusion, pepsin-hydrolyzed jellyfish protein hydrolysates exhibit promising multifunctional bioactivities, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-biofilm properties. These findings suggest their potential application in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, particularly in managing diabetic risks, inflammation, bacterial infections, and combating the biofilm-associated pathogenicity of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Pinchuta Bunphueak
- Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Phumin Chamsodsai
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Muangrod
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Thumthanaruk
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Vilai Rungsardthong
- Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Food and Agro-Industrial Research Center, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand.
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Yamazaki Y, Ito T, Tamai M, Nakagawa S, Nakamura Y. The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:9. [PMID: 38429810 PMCID: PMC10905890 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20-30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings. MAIN BODY This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts. SHORT CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamazaki
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tamai
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Grazul M, Balcerczak E, Sienkiewicz M. Analysis of the Presence of the Virulence and Regulation Genes from Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and the Influence of the Staphylococcal Cross-Talk on Their Functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5155. [PMID: 36982064 PMCID: PMC10049693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly becoming a public health issue worldwide due to their growing resistance to antibiotics and common involvement in complications related to invasive surgical procedures, and nosocomial and urinary tract infections. Their behavior either as a commensal or a pathogen is a result of strict regulation of colonization and virulence factors. Although functionality of virulence factors and processes involved in their regulation are quite well understood in S. aureus, little is known about them in CoNS species. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to check if clinical CoNS strains may contain virulence factors and genes involved in resistance to methicillin, that are homologous to S. aureus. Moreover, we checked the presence of elements responsible for regulation of genes that encode virulence factors typical for S. aureus in tested isolates. We also investigated whether the regulation factors produced by one CoNS isolate can affect virulence activity of other strains by co-incubation of tested isolates with supernatant from other isolates. Our studies confirmed the presence of virulence factor and regulatory genes attributed to S. aureus in CoNS isolates and indicated that one strain with an active agr gene is able to affect biofilm formation and δ-toxin activity of strains with inactive agr genes. The cognition of prevalence and regulation of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistance of CoNS isolates is important for better control and treatment of CoNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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Lu KY, Wagner NJ, Velez AZ, Ceppe A, Conlon BP, Muhlebach MS. Antibiotic Tolerance and Treatment Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0406122. [PMID: 36519944 PMCID: PMC9927320 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04061-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in U.S. cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes in CF. These infections often become chronic despite repeated antibiotic therapy. Here, we assessed whether bacterial phenotypes, including antibiotic tolerance, can predict the clinical outcomes of MRSA infections. MRSA isolates (n = 90) collected at the incident (i.e., acute) and early infection states from 57 patients were characterized for growth rates, biofilm formation, hemolysis, pigmentation, and vancomycin tolerance. The resistance profiles were consistent with those in prior studies. Isolates from the early stage of infection were found to produce biofilms, and 70% of the isolates exhibited delta-hemolysis, an indicator of agr activity. Strong vancomycin tolerance was present in 24% of the isolates but was not associated with intermediate vancomycin susceptibility. There were no associations between these phenotypic measures, antibiotic tolerance, and MRSA clearance. Our research suggests that additional factors may be relevant for predicting the clearance of MRSA. IMPORTANCE Chronic MRSA infections remain challenging to treat in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The ability of the bacterial population to survive high concentrations of bactericidal antibiotics, including vancomycin, despite lacking resistance is considered one of the main reasons for treatment failures. The connection between antibiotic tolerance and treatment outcomes remains unexplored and can be crucial for prognosis and regimen design toward eradication. In this study, we measured the capacity of 90 MRSA isolates from CF patients to form vancomycin-tolerant persister cells and evaluated their correlation with the clinical outcomes. Additionally, various traits that could reflect the metabolism and/or virulence of those MRSA isolates were systematically phenotyped and included for their predictive power. Our research highlights that despite the importance of antibiotic tolerance, additional factors need to be considered for predicting the clearance of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nikki J. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amanda Z. Velez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Agathe Ceppe
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian P. Conlon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marianne S. Muhlebach
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Huber C, Wolf SA, Ziebuhr W, Holmes MA, Assmann J, Lübke-Becker A, Thürmer A, Semmler T, Brombach J, Bethe A, Bischoff M, Wieler LH, Epping L, Walther B. How to survive pig farming: Mechanism of SCC mec element deletion and metabolic stress adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:969961. [PMID: 36504815 PMCID: PMC9728531 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.969961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research on methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) belonging to livestock-associated (LA-) sequence type (ST) 398, isolated from pigs and their local surroundings, indicated that differences between these MSSA and their methicillin resistant predecessors (MRSA) are often limited to the absence of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and few single nucleotide polymorphisms. So far, our understanding on how LA-MRSA endure the environmental conditions associated with pig-farming as well as the putative impact of this particular environment on the mobilisation of SCCmec elements is limited. Thus, we performed in-depth genomic and transcriptomic analyses using the LA-MRSA ST398 strain IMT38951 and its methicillin susceptible descendant. We identified a mosaic-structured SCCmec region including a putative replicative SCCmecVc which is absent from the MSSA chromosome through homologous recombination. Based on our data, such events occur between short repetitive sequences identified within and adjacent to two distinct alleles of the large cassette recombinase genes C (ccrC). We further evaluated the global transcriptomic response of MRSA ST398 to particular pig-farm associated conditions, i.e., contact with host proteins (porcine serum) and a high ammonia concentration. Differential expression of global regulators involved in stress response control were identified, i.e., ammonia-induced alternative sigma factor B-depending activation of genes for the alkaline shock protein 23, the heat shock response and the accessory gene regulator (agr)-controlled transcription of virulence factors. Exposure to serum transiently induced the transcription of distinct virulence factor encoding genes. Transcription of genes reported for mediating the loss of methicillin resistance, especially ccrC, was not significantly different compared to the unchallenged controls. We concluded that, from an evolutionary perspective, bacteria may save energy by incidentally dismissing a fully replicative SCCmec element in contrast to the induction of ccr genes on a population scale. Since the genomic SCCmec integration site is a hot-spot of recombination, occasional losses of elements of 16 kb size may restore capacities for the uptake of foreign genetic material. Subsequent spread of resistance, on the other hand, might depend on the autonomous replication machinery of the deleted SCCmec elements that probably enhance chances for reintegration of SCCmec into susceptible genomes by mere multiplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Huber
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silver A. Wolf
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mark A. Holmes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Assmann
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Brombach
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Epping
- Genome Sequencing and Genomic Epidemiology (MF2), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Walther
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Birgit Walther,
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Genomic Study on Blood Culture Isolates From Patients With Staphylococcus Infection-associated Glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2264-2278. [PMID: 36217522 PMCID: PMC9546744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nocturnal Birds of Prey as Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and Other Staphylococci: Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020240. [PMID: 35203842 PMCID: PMC8868206 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Owls are nocturnal predators that inhabit urbanized and farmlands. They are in direct contact with other animals, both livestock and small wild rodents that they mostly feed on. Staphylococci can be both commensal and pathogenic bacteria that are widespread across the various ecological niches. We aimed to isolate staphylococci from owls and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic lineages. Swab samples were collected from the throat and cloaca of 114 owls admitted to two rehabilitation centers in Portugal. The identification of staphylococci species was performed by MALDI-TOF. Staphylococci antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated by means of the disk diffusion method and PCR. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were characterized by MLST, agr and spa-typing. Of the tested animals, 66 isolates were recovered, including 10 different species of staphylococci, of which 25 were coagulase-positive (CoPS) and 41 were coagulase-negative (CoNS). Twenty-three S. aureus were isolated, of which one mecC-MRSA was identified. The isolates were mainly resistant to penicillin, aminoglycosides, clindamycin and tetracycline. mecC-MRSA belonged to ST1245 and spa-type t843 and the remaining S. aureus were ascribed to 12 STs and 15 spa types. A high diversity of clonal lineages was identified among the S. aureus isolated from wild owls. Owls feed mainly on small rodents often exposed to waste and anthropogenic sources, which may explain the moderate prevalence of S. aureus in these animals.
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Avberšek J, Papić B, Kušar D, Erjavec V, Seme K, Golob M, Zdovc I. Feline Otitis Externa Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Mixed Hemolytic Phenotype and Overview of Possible Genetic Backgrounds. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050599. [PMID: 34070191 PMCID: PMC8158496 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important cause of nosocomial infections in humans, but its importance in small animal practice is increasing. Here, we present a case of feline otitis externa (OE) caused by MRSA; both hemolytic and nonhemolytic variants with a stable phenotype were recovered from the external auditory canal after infection was detected by routine otoscopy. One isolate per variant underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by broth microdilution method, conventional spa typing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The results showed that both variants were genetically related and were of sequence type (ST) 1327, SCCmec type IV and spa type t005. AST and WGS showed that both isolates were resistant to β-lactams and sensitive to all tested non-β-lactam antibiotics. Both isolates were pvl-negative, but encoded several other virulence genes (aur, hlgABC, sak, scn, seg, sei, sem, sen, seo and seu). Genetic background of the mixed hemolytic phenotype was not identified; no differences in the agr locus or other regulatory regions were detected. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified but could not be associated with hemolysis. This well-documented case of MRSA infection in companion animals adds to the reports of MRSA infections with a mixed hemolytic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Avberšek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (B.P.); (D.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Bojan Papić
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (B.P.); (D.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Darja Kušar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (B.P.); (D.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Vladimira Erjavec
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Cesta v Mestni log 47, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Katja Seme
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Majda Golob
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (B.P.); (D.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.A.); (B.P.); (D.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-4779-158
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Cho BG, Jiang P, Goli M, Gautam S, Mechref Y. Using micro pillar array columns (μPAC) for the analysis of permethylated glycans. Analyst 2021; 146:4374-4383. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of both 50 cm and 200 cm micro pillar array column (μPAC) for the analysis of permethylated glycan is demonstrated and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Peilin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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