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Lor C, Phon R, Lim S. Reconfigurable transmissive metasurface with a combination of scissor and rotation actuators for independently controlling beam scanning and polarization conversion. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:40. [PMID: 38523656 PMCID: PMC10958044 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Polarization conversion and beam scanning metasurfaces are commonly used to reduce polarization mismatch and direct electromagnetic waves in a specific direction to improve the strength of a wireless signal. However, identifying suitable active and mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces for polarization conversion and beam scanning is a considerable challenge, and the reported metasurfaces have narrow scanning ranges, are expensive, and cannot be independently controlled. In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable transmissive metasurface combined with a scissor and rotation actuator for independently controlling beam scanning and polarization conversion functions. The metasurface is constructed with rotatable unit cells (UCs) that can switch the polarization state between right-handed (RHCP) and left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) by flipping the UCs to reverse their phase variation. Moreover, independent beam scanning is achieved using the scissor actuator to linearly change the distance between the UCs. Numerical and experimental results confirm that the proposed metasurface can perform beam scanning in the range of 28° for both the positive and negative regions of a radiation pattern (RHCP and LHCP beams) at an operational frequency of 10.5 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhunheng Lor
- Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Ratanak Phon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoon Lim
- Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
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Cheaper, Wide-Band, Ultra-Thin, and Multi-Purpose Single-Layer Metasurface Polarization Converter Design for C-, X-, and Ku-Band Applications. Symmetry (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/sym15020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents the design of wide-band, ultra-thin, and multi-purpose polarization converter utilizing metasurface for C-, X-, and Ku-band applications. Having a topology on a FR-4 substrate with metasurface metallic patterns on the front and an all-metallic surface finish on the back, the unit cell of converter design has symmetry in the x−y plane with unique features of having both linear polarization (LP) and circular polarization (CP) property. While the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of converter in normal incidence case is more than 90% in three different frequency bands of 6.46–6.78 GHz, 10.52–11.85 GHz, and 16.49–17.37 GHz, it shows linear-to-linear polarization feature and a linear-to-circular polarization feature with left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) for the frequency range between 7.28 and 9.40 GHz and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) for the frequency range between 13.38 and 15.19 GHz. It is also seen that the converter has a PCR value of around 90% for oblique incidence case with incidence angles up to 45°. Extensive simulations have been conducted to prove the performance of suggested converter with the aid of a commercially-available simulation platform, called CST Microwave Studio. The advantages of suggested polarization converter are low-cost, wide-band, ultra-thin, and having both LP and CP conversion in C-, X-, and Ku-bands.
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Wu X, Cao H, Meng Z, Sun Z. Ultra-broadband Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurface for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization and beam splitter. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15158-15171. [PMID: 35473244 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of a robust angular tolerance ultra-broadband metasurface for arbitrary rotation of linear polarization is demonstrated. The proposed method combines the spin-dependent Pancharatnam-Berry phase and the generalized Snell's law to achieve an arbitrary angle linear polarization rotator and beam splitter. Numerical results of one terahertz example show that a 90° polarization rotator has a polarization conversion ratio of more than 90% from 1.3 to 2.3 THz in the ultra-broadband range. This method represents a significant advance in versatile, flexible design and performance compared to previously reported birefringent material wave plates, grating structures, and multi-resonance-based polarization rotators.
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Chen H, Qin Z, Hu T, Chen Z, Zhan P, Wang Z. Dielectric loading method for doubly resonant enhancement of third-harmonic generation from complementary split-ring resonators. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:225204. [PMID: 35180712 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac56bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical response could be greatly enhanced when metasurfaces support plasmonic resonances at both fundamental and harmonic wavelengths. However, it is still challenging to fulfill the doubly resonant condition. Here, we propose a dielectric-loading method, which simply coats a conformal thin dielectric layer onto the plasmonic metasurfaces, to introduce an additional degree of freedom and make the doubly resonant condition easily fulfilled. We demonstrate that by simultaneously tuning the thickness of the coated dielectric layer and the geometrical parameters of the gold complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs), the doubly resonant enhancement of third harmonic generation (THG) could be achieved for any given fundamental wavelengths. We also experimentally verify this concept and show that the THG intensity in the dielectric-loaded CSRRs under the doubly resonant condition could be further increased about 3 times as compared with the case of the conventional CSRRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofu Qin
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Taozheng Hu
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhan
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- School of Physics and National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Khan MJ, Rai A, Ahirwar A, Sirotiya V, Mourya M, Mishra S, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Bhatia SK, Varjani S, Vinayak V. Diatom microalgae as smart nanocontainers for biosensing wastewater pollutants: recent trends and innovations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9531-9549. [PMID: 34709977 PMCID: PMC8810035 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been recognized as one of the most efficient microorganisms to remediate industrial effluents. Among microalgae diatoms are silica shelled unicellular eukaryotes, found in all types of water bodies and flourish very well even in wastewater. They have their silica cell wall made up of nano arrayed pores arranged in a uniform fashion. Therefore, they act as smart nanocontainers to adsorb various trace metals, dyes, polymers, and drugs which are hazardous to human as well to aquatic life. The beautiful nanoarchitecture in diatoms allows them to easily bind to ligands of choice to form a nanocomposite structure with the pollutants which can be a chemical or biological component. Such naturally available diatom nanomaterials are economical and highly sensitive compared to manmade artificial silica nanomaterials to help in facile removal of the toxic pollutants from wastewater. This review is thus focused on employing diatoms to remediate various pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, hydrocarbons detected in the wastewater. It also includes different microalgae as biosensors for determination of pollutants in effluents and the perspectives for nanotechnological applications in the field of remediating pollutants through microalgae. The review also discusses in length the hurdles and perspectives of employing microalgae in wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Anshuman Rai
- School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Mmu, Deemed University, Ambala,India
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Megha Mourya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Sudhanshu Mishra
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Mer Molecules Santé, Le Mans University, Le Mans, France
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Paryavaran Bhavan, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, India
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Pouyanfar N, Nourinia J, Ghobadi C. Multiband and multifunctional polarization converter using an asymmetric metasurface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9306. [PMID: 33927310 PMCID: PMC8085239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A compact and asymmetric multi-band reflective polarization converter metasurface has been offered in this paper. The proposed simple converter can effectively convert an incident linearly polarized EM wave to its orthogonal counterpart and circular polarized waves (RHCP and LHCP) at two frequency bands. The design consists of a square with two curves on the top right and lower left corners and a square Split Ring Resonator (SRR) responsible for linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversions, respectively. The simulated results show that the converter successfully transforms a y-polarized incident wave to its orthogonal counterpart in a frequency range of 15.5–16.5 GHz with unity conversion at 16 GHz and circularly-polarized (RHCP) wave at 13 GHz and (LHCP) at 18 GHz, verified through the fabricated and measured sample. Wide angular stability up to 60° oblique incidence along with high efficiency reveals the good applicability of the structure. Moreover, the root cause of the cross-polarization conversion has been analyzed and confirmed through Bi-Mode Foster equivalent circuit and surface current distribution as well. Finally, a fabricated prototype is tested to validate the simulated results through measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Pouyanfar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Javad Nourinia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Changiz Ghobadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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