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Maltoni P, Barucca G, Rutkowski B, Spadaro MC, Jönsson PE, Varvaro G, Yaacoub N, De Toro JA, Peddis D, Mathieu R. Unraveling Exchange Coupling in Ferrites Nano-Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304152. [PMID: 37888807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic coupling of a set of SrFe12 O19 /CoFe2 O4 nanocomposites is investigated. Advanced electron microscopy evidences the structural coherence and texture at the interfaces of the nanostructures. The fraction of the lower anisotropy phase (CoFe2 O4 ) is tuned to assess the limits that define magnetically exchange-coupled interfaces by performing magnetic remanence, first-order reversal curves (FORCs), and relaxation measurements. By combining these magnetometry techniques and the structural and morphological information from X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectrometry, the exchange intergranular interaction is evidenced, and the critical thickness within which coupled interfaces have a uniform reversal unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Maltoni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden
| | - Gianni Barucca
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Bogdan Rutkowski
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, 30-059, Poland
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria della Materia dell'Ambiente ed Urbanistica-SIMAU, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Petra E Jönsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Gaspare Varvaro
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, nM2-lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
| | - Nader Yaacoub
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, CNRS UMR-6283, Le Mans Université, Le Mans, F-72085, France
| | - José A De Toro
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) and Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13071, Spain
| | - Davide Peddis
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, nM2-lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, 00015, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale & INSTM, nM2-Lab, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, Genova, 1-16146, Italy
| | - Roland Mathieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, Uppsala, 751 03, Sweden
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Kouhpanji MRZ, Zhang Y, Um J, Srinivasan K, Sharma A, Shore D, Gao Z, Chen Y, Harpel A, Porshokouh ZN, Gage TE, Dragos-Pinzaru O, Tabakovic I, Visscher PB, Bischof J, Modiano JF, Franklin R, Stadler BJH. Bioapplications of Magnetic Nanowires: Barcodes, Biocomposites, Heaters. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS 2022; 58:5200406. [PMID: 36864851 PMCID: PMC9976993 DOI: 10.1109/tmag.2022.3151608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) can have their moments reversed via several mechanisms that are controlled using the composition, length, diameter, and density of nanowires in arrays as-synthesized or as individual nanoparticles in assays or gels. This tailoring of magnetic reversal leads to unique properties that can be used as a signature for reading out the type of MNW for applications as nano-barcodes. When synthesized inside track-etched polycarbonate membranes, the resulting MNW-embedded membranes can be used as biocompatible bandaids for detection without contact or optical sighting. When etched out of the growth template, free-floating MNWs are internalized by cells at 37 °C such that cells and/or exosomes can be collected and detected. In applications of cryopreservation, MNWs can be suspended in cryopreservation agents (CPAs) for injection into the blood vessels of tissues and organs as they are vitrified to -200 °C. Using an alternating magnetic field, the MNWs can then be nanowarmed rapidly to prevent crystallization and uniformly to prevent cracking of specimens, for example, as grafts or transplants. This invited paper is a review of recent progress in the specific bioapplications of MNWs to barcodes, biocomposites, and nanowarmers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Joseph Um
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Kartihik Srinivasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Daniel Shore
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Zhe Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Yicong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Allison Harpel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Zohreh Nemati Porshokouh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas E Gage
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Oana Dragos-Pinzaru
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ibro Tabakovic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - P B Visscher
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 USA
| | - John Bischof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights, MN 55108 USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Rhonda Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Bethanie J H Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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3
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Scholzen P, Lang G, Andreev AS, Quintana A, Malloy J, Jensen CJ, Liu K, d'Espinose de Lacaillerie JB. Magnetic structure and internal field nuclear magnetic resonance of cobalt nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11898-11909. [PMID: 35510687 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of cobalt metal nanowires grown by electrodeposition in porous membranes depend largely on the synthesis conditions. Here, we focus on the role of electrolyte additives on the magnetic anisotropy of the electrodeposited nanowires. Through magnetometry and internal field nuclear magnetic resonance (IF NMR) studies, we compared both the magnetic and crystalline structures of 50 and 200 nm diameter Co nanowires synthesized in the presence or absence of organic additives. The spectral characteristics of IF NMR were compared structurally to X-ray diffraction patterns, and the anisotropy of the NMR enhancement factor in ferromagnetic multidomain structures to magnetometry results. While the magnetic behavior of the 50 nm nanowires was dominated, as expected, by shape anisotropy with magnetic domains oriented on axis, the analysis of the 200 nm proved to be more complex. 59Co IF NMR revealed that the determining difference between the samples electrodeposited in the presence or in absence of organic additives was not the dominant crystalline system (fcc or hcp) but the coherent domain sizes and boundaries. In the presence of organic additives, the cobalt crystal domains are smaller and with defective grain boundaries, as revealed by resonances below 210 MHz. This prevented the development in the Co hcp part of the sample of the strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy that was observed in the absence of organic additives. In the presence of organic additives, even in nanowires as wide as 200 nm, the magnetic behavior remained determined by the shape anisotropy with a positive effective magnetic anisotropy and strong anisotropy of the NMR enhancement factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Scholzen
- Soft Matter Science and Engineering, SIMM, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, UMR CNRS 7615, Sorbonne Université, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Lang
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 8213, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Andrey S Andreev
- TotalEnergies One Tech Belgium (TEOTB), Zone Industrielle C, 7181 Feluy, Belgium
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - James Malloy
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Nemati Z, Modiano J, Franklin R, Stadler B. Realizing the Principles for Remote and Selective Detection of Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Nanowires. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7742-7749. [PMID: 34232647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The unmet demand for selective and remote detection of biological entities has urged nanobiotechnology to prioritize the innovation of biolabels that can be remotely detected. Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) have been deemed promising for remote detection as the magnetic fields can deeply and safely penetrate into tissue. However, the overlapping nature of the magnetic signatures has been a long-standing challenge for selective detection, which we resolve here. To do so, 13 types of MNWs with unique irreversible switching field (ISF) signatures were synthesized for labeling canine osteosarcoma (OSCA-8) cancer cells (one set) and polycarbonate biopolymers (12 sets). After characterizing the ISF signature of each MNW type, the MNW-labeled cancer cells were transferred onto MNW-labeled biopolymers to determine the most distinguishable ISF signatures and to discern the principles for reliable selective detection of biological entities. We show that tailoring the ISF of MNWs by tuning their coercivity is a highly effective approach for generating distinct magnetic biolabels for selective detection of cells. These findings smooth the path for the progression of nanobiotechnology by enabling the remote and selective detection of biological entities using MNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zohreh Nemati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jaime Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rhonda Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bethanie Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Stadler BJH. Magnetic Nanowires for Nanobarcoding and Beyond. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4573. [PMID: 34283095 PMCID: PMC8271806 DOI: 10.3390/s21134573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional magnetic nanowires (MNWs) have been studied intensively over the last decades, in diverse applications. Numerous MNW-based systems have been introduced, initially for fundamental studies and later for sensing applications such as biolabeling and nanobarcoding. Remote sensing of MNWs for authentication and/or anti-counterfeiting is not only limited to engineering their properties, but also requires reliable sensing and decoding platforms. We review the latest progress in designing MNWs that have been, and are being, introduced as nanobarcodes, along with the pros and cons of the proposed sensing and decoding methods. Based on our review, we determine fundamental challenges and suggest future directions for research that will unleash the full potential of MNWs for nanobarcoding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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6
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Nemati Z, Mahmoodi MM, Um J, Modiano J, Franklin R, Stadler B. Selective Detection of Cancer Cells Using Magnetic Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21060-21066. [PMID: 33904709 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main bottleneck for implementing magnetic nanowires (MNWs) in cell-biology research for multimodal therapeutics is the inapplicability of the current state of the art for selective detection and stimulation of MNWs. Here, we introduce a methodology for selective detection of MNWs in platforms that have multiple magnetic signals, such as future multimodal therapeutics. After characterizing the signatures of MNWs, MNWs were surface-functionalized and internalized into canine osteosarcoma (OSCA-8) cancer cells for cell labeling, manipulation, and separation. We also prepared and characterized magnetic biopolymers as multimodal platforms for future use in controlling the movement, growth, and division of cancer cells. First, it is important to have methods for distinguishing the magnetic signature of the biopolymer from the magnetically labeled cells. For this purpose, we use the projection method to selectively detect and demultiplex the magnetic signatures of MNWs inside cells from those inside magnetic biopolymers. We show that tailoring the irreversible switching field of MNWs by tuning their coercivity is a highly effective approach for generating distinct magnetic biolabels for selective detection of cancer cells. These findings open up new possibilities for selective stimulation of MNWs in multimodal therapeutic platforms for drug delivery, hyperthermia cancer therapy, and mitigating cancer cell movement and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zohreh Nemati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Joseph Um
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jaime Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rhonda Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bethanie Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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7
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Bran C, Fernandez-Roldan JA, del Real RP, Asenjo A, Chubykalo-Fesenko O, Vazquez M. Magnetic Configurations in Modulated Cylindrical Nanowires. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:600. [PMID: 33670880 PMCID: PMC7997473 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cylindrical magnetic nanowires show great potential for 3D applications such as magnetic recording, shift registers, and logic gates, as well as in sensing architectures or biomedicine. Their cylindrical geometry leads to interesting properties of the local domain structure, leading to multifunctional responses to magnetic fields and electric currents, mechanical stresses, or thermal gradients. This review article is summarizing the work carried out in our group on the fabrication and magnetic characterization of cylindrical magnetic nanowires with modulated geometry and anisotropy. The nanowires are prepared by electrochemical methods allowing the fabrication of magnetic nanowires with precise control over geometry, morphology, and composition. Different routes to control the magnetization configuration and its dynamics through the geometry and magnetocrystalline anisotropy are presented. The diameter modulations change the typical single domain state present in cubic nanowires, providing the possibility to confine or pin circular domains or domain walls in each segment. The control and stabilization of domains and domain walls in cylindrical wires have been achieved in multisegmented structures by alternating magnetic segments of different magnetic properties (producing alternative anisotropy) or with non-magnetic layers. The results point out the relevance of the geometry and magnetocrystalline anisotropy to promote the occurrence of stable magnetochiral structures and provide further information for the design of cylindrical nanowires for multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
| | - Jose Angel Fernandez-Roldan
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael P. del Real
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
| | - Agustina Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
| | - Oksana Chubykalo-Fesenko
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
| | - Manuel Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.F.-R.); (R.P.d.R.); (A.A.); (O.C.-F.); (M.V.)
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Gilbert DA, Murray PD, De Rojas J, Dumas RK, Davies JE, Liu K. Reconstructing phase-resolved hysteresis loops from first-order reversal curves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4018. [PMID: 33597639 PMCID: PMC7889904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The first order reversal curve (FORC) method is a magnetometry based technique used to capture nanoscale magnetic phase separation and interactions with macroscopic measurements using minor hysteresis loop analysis. This makes the FORC technique a powerful tool in the analysis of complex systems which cannot be effectively probed using localized techniques. However, recovering quantitative details about the identified phases which can be compared to traditionally measured metrics remains an enigmatic challenge. We demonstrate a technique to reconstruct phase-resolved magnetic hysteresis loops by selectively integrating the measured FORC distribution. From these minor loops, the traditional metrics-including the coercivity and saturation field, and the remanent and saturation magnetization-can be determined. In order to perform this analysis, special consideration must be paid to the accurate quantitative management of the so-called reversible features. This technique is demonstrated on three representative materials systems, high anisotropy FeCuPt thin-films, Fe nanodots, and SmCo/Fe exchange spring magnet films, and shows excellent agreement with the direct measured major loop, as well as the phase separated loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin A Gilbert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37919, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37919, USA.
| | - Peyton D Murray
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Julius De Rojas
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Joseph E Davies
- Advanced Technology Group, NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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9
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Stadler BJH. Unlocking the decoding of unknown magnetic nanobarcode signatures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:584-592. [PMID: 36131738 PMCID: PMC9417604 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanowires (MNWs) rank among the most promising multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials for nanobarcoding applications owing to their safety, nontoxicity, and remote decoding using a single magnetic excitation source. Until recently, coercivity and saturation magnetization have been proposed as encoding parameters. Herein, backward remanence magnetization (BRM) is used to decode unknown remanence spectra of MNWs-based nanobarcodes. A simple and fast expectation algorithm is proposed to decode the unknown remanence spectra with a success rate of 86% even though the MNWs have similar coercivities, which cannot be accomplished by other decoding schemes. Our experimental approach and analytical analysis open a promising direction towards reliably decoding magnetic nanobarcodes to expand their capabilities for security and labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Bethanie J H Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 USA +1 612 626 1628
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Burks EC, Gilbert DA, Murray PD, Flores C, Felter TE, Charnvanichborikarn S, Kucheyev SO, Colvin JD, Yin G, Liu K. 3D Nanomagnetism in Low Density Interconnected Nanowire Networks. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:716-722. [PMID: 33301687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing, interconnected metallic nanowire networks with densities as low as 40 mg/cm3 have been achieved over centimeter-scale areas, using electrodeposition into polycarbonate membranes that have been ion-tracked at multiple angles. Networks of interconnected magnetic nanowires further provide an exciting platform to explore 3-dimensional nanomagnetism, where their structure, topology, and frustration may be used as additional degrees of freedom to tailor the materials properties. New magnetization reversal mechanisms in cobalt networks are captured by the first-order reversal curve method, which demonstrate the evolution from strong demagnetizing dipolar interactions to intersection-mediated domain wall pinning and propagation, and eventually to shape-anisotropy dominated magnetization reversal. These findings open up new possibilities for 3-dimensional integrated magnetic devices for memory, complex computation, and neuromorphics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Burks
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Dustin A Gilbert
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Peyton D Murray
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Chad Flores
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Thomas E Felter
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | | | - Sergei O Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Colvin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Gen Yin
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95618, United States
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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