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Kumar V, Verma P. Pulp-paper industry sludge waste biorefinery for sustainable energy and value-added products development: A systematic valorization towards waste management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120052. [PMID: 38244409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The pulp-paper industry is one of the main industrial sectors that produce massive amounts of residual sludge, constituting an enormous environmental burden for the industries. Traditional sludge management practices, such as landfilling and incineration, are restricted due to mounting environmental pressures, complex regulatory frameworks, land availability, high costs, and public opinion. Valorization of pulp-paper industry sludge (PPS) to produce high-value products is a promising substitute for traditional sludge management practices, promoting their reuse and recycling. Valorization of PPIS for biorefinery beneficiation includes biomethane, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel production for renewable energy generation. Additionally, the various thermo-chemical technologies can be utilized to synthesize bio-oil, hydrochar, biochar, adsorbent, and activated carbon, signifying potential for value-added generation. Moreover, PPIS can be recycled as a byproduct by incorporating it into nanocomposites, cardboard, and construction materials development. This paper aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of PPIS management approaches and thermo-chemical technologies utilized for the development of platform chemicals in industry. Substitute uses of PPIS, such as making building materials, developing supercapacitors, and making cardboard, are also discussed. In addition, this article deeply discusses recent developments in biotechnologies for valorizing PPIS to yield an array of valuable products, such as biofuels, lactic acids, cellulose, nanocellulose, and so on. This review serves as a roadmap for future research endeavors in the effective handling of PPIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH-8, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Ajmer-305817, Rajasthan, India.
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Dahiya S, Mohan SV. Co-fermenting lactic acid and glucose towards caproic acid production. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138491. [PMID: 36963586 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional role of lactate (HLac), as a co-substrate along with glucose (Glu) as well as an electron donor for the synthesis of caproic acid (HCa), a medium chain fatty acid (MCFAs) was studied. A varied HLac and Glu ratios were thus investigated in fed-batch anaerobic reactors (R1-R5) operated at pH 6 with a heat-treated anaerobic consortium. R1 and R5 were noted as controls and operated with sole Glu and HLac, respectively. Strategically, ethanol (HEth) was additionally supplemented as co-electron donor after the production of short chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) for chain elongation in all the reactors. The reactor operated with HLac and Glu in a ratio of 0.25:0.75 (1.25 g/L (HLac) and 3.75 g/L (Glu)) showed the highest HCa production of 1.86 g/L. R5 operated with solely HLac yielded propionic acid (HPr) as the major product which further led to the higher valeric acid (HVa) production of 1.1 g/L within the reactor. Butyric acid (HBu) was observed in R1, which used Glu as carbon source alone indicating the importance of HLac as electron co-donor. Clostridium observed as the most dominant genera in shotgun metagenome sequencing in R2 and R3, the reactors that produced the highest HCa in comparison to other studied reactors. The study thus provided insight into the importance of substrate and electron donor and their supplementation strategies during the production of MCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Dahiya
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Science Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Bravo-Venegas J, Prado-Acebo I, Gullón B, Lú-Chau TA, Eibes G. Avoiding acid crash: From apple pomace hydrolysate to butanol through acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation in a zero-waste approach. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 164:47-56. [PMID: 37030028 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP) is a lignocellulosic residue from the juice and cider industries that can be valorized in a multi-product biorefinery to generate multiple value-added compounds, including biofuels such as butanol. Butanol is produced biologically by acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using bacteria of the genus Clostridium from sugar-based feedstocks. In this study, AP hydrolysate was used as a substrate for producing butanol by ABE fermentation. Various environmental factors influence the amount of butanol produced, but only under certain conditions the so-called 'acid crash', an undesirable phenomenon characterized by a total arrest of cell growth and solvent production, can be avoided. Operational parameters that may influence the prevention of acid crash occurrence, such as pH, CaCO3 concentration and culture temperature, were optimized in C. beijerinckii CECT 508 cultures applying a Box-Behnken experimental design. The mathematical model of the fermentation found the optimal conditions of pH 7, 6.8 g/L of CaCO3 and 30 °C, and this was validated in an independent experiment carried out at the optimal conditions, reaching 10.75 g/L of butanol. Also, the comparison of butanol production between the supernatant of the AP hydrolysate (10.57 g/L) and the full hydrolysate with solids (11.69 g/L) indicated that it is possible to eliminate the centrifugation step after hydrolysis, which may allow to reduce process costs and the full utilization of apple pomace, aiming a zero-waste approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bravo-Venegas
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Inés Prado-Acebo
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Enxeñaría Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Thelmo A Lú-Chau
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Ujor VC, Okonkwo CC. Microbial detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates: Biochemical and molecular aspects, challenges, exploits and future perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1061667. [PMID: 36483774 PMCID: PMC9723337 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1061667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) has the potential to secure sustainable energy production without impacting food insecurity, whist relieving over reliance on finite fossil fuels. Agro-derived lignocellulosic residues such as wheat straw, switchgrass, rice bran, and miscanthus have gained relevance as feedstocks for the production of biofuels and chemicals. However, the microorganisms employed in fermentative conversion of carbohydrates to fuels and chemicals are unable to efficiently utilize the sugars derived from LB due to co-production of lignocellulose-derived microbial inhibitory compounds (LDMICs) during LB pretreatment. LDMICs impact microbial growth by inhibition of specific enzymes, cause DNA and cell membrane damage, and elicit cellular redox imbalance. Over the past decade, success has been achieved with the removal of LDMICs prior to fermentation. However, LDMICs removal by chemical processes is often accompanied by sugar losses, which negatively impacts the overall production cost. Hence, in situ removal of LDMICs by fermentative organisms during the fermentation process has garnered considerable attention as the "go-to" approach for economical LDMICs detoxification and bio-chemicals production. In situ removal of LDMICs has been pursued by either engineering more robust biocatalysts or isolating novel microbial strains with the inherent capacity to mineralize or detoxify LDMICs to less toxic compounds. While some success has been made along this line, efficient detoxification and robust production of target bio-chemicals in lignocellulosic hydrolysates (LHs) under largely anaerobic fermentative conditions remains a lingering challenge. Consequently, LB remains an underutilized substrate for bio-chemicals production. In this review, the impact of microbial LH detoxification on overall target molecule production is discussed. Further, the biochemical pathways and mechanisms employed for in situ microbial detoxification of furanic LDMICs [e.g., furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)] and phenolic LDMICs (e.g., syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and ferulic acid) are discussed. More importantly, metabolic engineering strategies for the development of LDMIC-tolerant and bio-chemicals overproducing strains and processes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Ujor
- Metabolic Engineering and Fermentation Science Group, Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher C. Okonkwo
- Biotechnology Program, College of Science, The Roux Institute, Northeastern University, Portland, ME, United States
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Repurposing anaerobic digestate for economical biomanufacturing and water recovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1419-1434. [PMID: 35122155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to mounting impacts of climate change, particularly increased incidence of drought, hence water scarcity, it has become imperative to develop new technologies for recovering water from nutrient-rich, water-replete effluents other than sewage. Notably, anaerobic digestate could be harnessed for the purpose of water recovery by repurposing digestate-borne minerals as nutrients in fermentative processes. The high concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, and metals in anaerobic digestate are veritable microbial nutrients that could be harnessed for bio-production of bulk and specialty chemicals. Tethering nutrient sequestration from anaerobic digestate to bio-product accumulation offers promise for concomitant water recovery, bio-chemical production, and possible phosphate recovery. In this review, we explore the potential of anaerobic digestate as a nutrient source and as a buffering agent in fermentative production of glutamine, glutamate, fumarate, lactate, and succinate. Additionally, we discuss the potential of synthetic biology as a tool for enhancing nutrient removal from anaerobic digestate and for expanding the range of products derivable from digestate-based fermentations. Strategies that harness the nutrients in anaerobic digestate with bio-product accumulation and water recovery could have far-reaching implications on sustainable management of nutrient-rich manure, tannery, and fish processing effluents that also contain high amounts of water. KEY POINTS: • Anaerobic digestate may serve as a source of nutrients in fermentation. • Use of digestate in fermentation would lead to the recovery of valuable water.
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Guo H, He T, Lee DJ. Contemporary proteomic research on lignocellulosic enzymes and enzymolysis: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126263. [PMID: 34728359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review overviewed the current researches on the isolation of novel strains, the development of novel identification protocols, the key enzymes and their synergistic interactions with other functional enzyme systems, and the strategies for enhancing enzymolysis efficiencies. The main obstacle for realizing biorefinery of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels or biochemicals is the high cost of enzymolysis stage. Therefore, research prospects to reduce the costs for lignocellulose hydrolysis were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Tongyuan He
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong.
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