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Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Kim SW, Lee YS, Suzuki T, Nakata M, Kumegawa S, Asamura S, Yamada G. Novel erectile analyses revealed augmentable penile Lyve-1, the lymphatic marker, expression. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12570. [PMID: 38566911 PMCID: PMC10985380 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathophysiology of penis extends to erectile dysfunction (ED) to conditions including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and cancer. To date, there has been little research evaluating vascular drainage from the penis. We aimed to evaluate penile blood flow in vivo and analyze its possible relationship with the lymphatic maker. Materials and Methods We established an in vivo system designed to assess the dynamic blood outflow from the corpus cavernosum (CC) by dye injection. To analyze lymphatic characteristics in the CC, the expression of Lyve-1, the key lymphatic endothelium marker, was examined by the in vitro system and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection to mimic the inflammatory conditions. Results A novel cavernography methods enable high-resolution morphological and functional blood drainage analysis. The expression of Lyve-1 was detected along the sinusoids. Furthermore, its prominent expression was also observed after penile LPS injection and in the erectile condition. Conclusions The current in vivo system will potentially contribute to the assessment of penile pathology from a novel viewpoint. In addition, current analyses revealed inducible Lyve-1 expression for LPS injection and the erection state, which requires further analyses on penile lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKindai UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Sang Woon Kim
- Department of Urology, Urological Science InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Science InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced MedicineWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWakayama Medical UniversityWakayamaJapan
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Hyuga T, Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Tanabe K, Kubo T, Nakamura S, Ueda Y, Fujita-Jimbo E, Muramatsu K, Suzuki K, Osaka H, Asamura S, Moriya K, Nakai H, Yamada G. Wound healing responses of urinary extravasation after urethral injury. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10628. [PMID: 37391520 PMCID: PMC10313654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-surgical fluid leakage from the tubular tissues is a critical symptom after gastrointestinal or urinary tract surgeries. Elucidating the mechanism for such abnormalities is vital in surgical and medical science. The exposure of the fluid such as peritonitis due to urinary or gastrointestinal perforation has been reported to induce severe inflammation to the surrounding tissue. However, there have been no reports for the tissue responses by fluid extravasation and assessment of post-surgical and injury complication processes is therefore vital. The current model mouse study aims to investigate the effect of the urinary extravasation of the urethral injuries. Analyses on the urinary extravasation affecting both urethral mesenchyme and epithelium and the resultant spongio-fibrosis/urethral stricture were performed. The urine was injected from the lumen of urethra exposing the surrounding mesenchyme after the injury. The wound healing responses with urinary extravasation were shown as severe edematous mesenchymal lesions with the narrow urethral lumen. The epithelial cell proliferation was significantly increased in the wide layers. The mesenchymal spongio-fibrosis was induced by urethral injury with subsequent extravasation. The current report thus offers a novel research tool for surgical sciences on the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanabe
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Taro Kubo
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Eriko Fujita-Jimbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Takeda 4-4-37, Kofu City, Yamanashi, 400-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakai
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jichi Medical University Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Yakushiji 3311-1, Shimotsuke City, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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Hua S, Shi F, Xie Z, Wu L, Dai M, Zhang Y, Xu X, Zhu Y, Jiang J. Di-n-butyl phthalate induces oversecretion of vascular endothelium-derived NAP-2 and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of urothelial cells in newborn hypospadias rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114892. [PMID: 37059017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a plasticizer commonly used in industrial production and is present in our daily life. It has been confirmed that DBP causes genitourinary malformations, especially hypospadias. However, the research of hypospadias mainly focusses on the genital tubercle in previous studies. In this study, we found DBP could affect the exocrine function of the vascular endothelium which disturb the development of genital nodules and induced hypospadias. We used cytokine array to find that vascular endothelium-derived NAP-2 may be a major abnormal secreted cytokine with biological functions. The transcriptomic sequencing analysis showed that abnormal activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was the main reason for increased NAP-2 secretion. The expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers and NAP-2 in hypospadias animal models were detected with Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, and ELISA methods. The expression levels of NAP-2, RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HUVEC cells, EMT biomarkers and migration capacity of urothelial cells cocultured with HUVEC were measured with ELISA, flow cytometry, Western blot or Transwell assay for further cell experiments. The results showed that DBP leaded to NAP-2 oversecretion from vascular endothelium mainly rely on the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and ROS accumulation. The RhoA/ROCK inhibitor fasudil could partially decrease ROS production, and both fasudil and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could decrease NAP-2 secretion. Meanwhile, the oversecretion of NAP-2 from HUVEC in coculture system promoted EMT and migration capacity of urothelial cells, and TGF-β inhibitor LY219761 could block the aberrant activation of EMT process. Therefore, it could be concluded that DBP increase NAP-2 secretion from vascular endothelium by RhoA/ROCK/ROS pathway, and further promote EMT in urothelial cells through TGF-β pathway. This study provided a novel direction for studying the occurrence of hypospadias and may provide a hypospadias predictive marker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Hua
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhiwen Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Mengqiao Dai
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Nursing, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Juntao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Fujimoto K, Hashimoto D, Kashimada K, Kumegawa S, Ueda Y, Hyuga T, Hirashima T, Inoue N, Suzuki K, Hara I, Asamura S, Yamada G. A visualization system for erectile vascular dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000342. [PMID: 36313553 PMCID: PMC9615422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is an essential process which requires the male penis for copulation. This copulatory process depends on the vascular dynamic regulation of the penis. The corpus cavernosum (CC) in the upper (dorsal) part of the penis plays a major role in regulating blood flow inside the penis. When the CC is filled with blood, the sinusoids, including micro-vessels, dilate during erection. The CC is an androgen-dependent organ, and various genital abnormalities including erectile dysfunction (ED) are widely known. Previous studies have shown that androgen deprivation by castration results in significantly decreased smooth muscles of the CC. Experimental works in erectile biology have previously measured intracavernosal penile pressure and mechanical tension. Such reports analyze limited features without assessing the dynamic aspects of the erectile process. In the current study, we established a novel explant system enabling direct visual imaging of the sinusoidal lumen to evaluate the dynamic movement of the cavernous space. To analyze the alternation of sinusoidal spaces, micro-dissected CC explants by patent blue dye injection were incubated and examined for their structural alternations during relaxation/contraction. The dynamic process of relaxation/contraction was analyzed with various external factors administered to the CC. The system enabled the imaging of relaxation/contraction of the lumens of the sinusoids and the collagen-containing tissues. Histological analysis on the explant system also showed the relaxation/contraction. Thus, the system mimics the regulatory process of dynamic relaxation/contraction in the erectile response. The current system also enabled evaluating the erectile pathophysiology. In the current study, the lumen of sinusoids relaxed/contracted in castrated mice similarly with normal mice. These results suggested that the dynamic erectile relaxation/contraction process was similarly retained in castrated mice. However, the system also revealed decreased duration time of erection in castrated mice. The current study is expected to promote further understanding of the pathophysiology of ED, which will be useful for new treatments in the future. Hence, the current system provides unique information to investigate the novel regulations of erectile function, which can provide tools for analyzing the pathology of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Fujimoto
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daiki Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kumegawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Taiju Hyuga
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Children’s Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Isao Hara
- Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Asamura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Gen Yamada,
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