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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Kulesskaya N, Bhattacharjee A, Holmström KM, Vuorio P, Henriques A, Callizot N, Huttunen HJ. HER-096 is a CDNF-derived brain-penetrating peptidomimetic that protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse synucleinopathy model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:593-606.e9. [PMID: 38039968 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an unconventional neurotropic factor that modulates unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway signaling and alleviates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress providing cytoprotective effects in different models of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we developed a brain-penetrating peptidomimetic compound based on human CDNF. This compound called HER-096 shows similar potency and mechanism of action as CDNF, and promotes dopamine neuron survival, reduces α-synuclein aggregation and modulates UPR signaling in in vitro models. HER-096 is metabolically stable and able to penetrate to cerebrospinal (CSF) and brain interstitial fluids (ISF) after subcutaneous administration, with an extended CSF and brain ISF half-life compared to plasma. Subcutaneously administered HER-096 modulated UPR pathway activity, protected dopamine neurons, and reduced α-synuclein aggregates and neuroinflammation in substantia nigra of aged mice with synucleinopathy. Peptidomimetic HER-096 is a candidate for development of a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease with a patient-friendly route of administration.
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Lõhelaid H, Saarma M, Airavaara M. CDNF and ER stress: Pharmacology and therapeutic possibilities. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 254:108594. [PMID: 38290651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an endogenous protein in humans and other vertebrates, and it has been shown to have protective and restorative effects on cells in various disease models. Although it is named as a neurotrophic factor, its actions are drastically different from classical neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophins or the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic family of proteins. Like all secreted proteins, CDNF has a signal sequence at the N-terminus, but unlike common growth factors it has a KDEL-receptor retrieval sequence at the C-terminus. Thus, CDNF is mainly located in the ER. In response to adverse effects, such as ER stress, the expression of CDNF is upregulated and can alleviate ER stress. Also different from other neurotrophic factors, CDNF reduces protein aggregation and inflammation in disease models. Although it is an ER luminal protein, it can surprisingly directly interact with alpha-synuclein, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies e.g., Parkinson's disease. Pleiotropic CDNF has therapeutic potential and has been tested as a recombinant human protein and gene therapy. The neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects have been described in a number of preclinical studies of Parkinson's disease, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, it was successfully evaluated for safety in a phase 1/2 clinical trial for Parkinson's disease. Collectively, based on recent findings on the mode of action and therapeutic potential of CDNF, its use as a drug could be expanded to other ER stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helike Lõhelaid
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Beneficial behavioral effects of chronic cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) infusion in the N171-82Q transgenic model of Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2953. [PMID: 36807563 PMCID: PMC9941578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive inherited neurological disease characterized by the degeneration of basal ganglia and the accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHtt) aggregates in specific brain areas. Currently, there is no treatment for halting the progression of HD. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum located protein with neurotrophic factor properties that protects and restores dopamine neurons in rodent and non-human primate models of Parkinson's disease. Our recent study showed that CDNF improves motor coordination and protects NeuN positive cells in a Quinolinic acid toxin rat model of HD. Here we have investigated the effect of chronic intrastriatal CDNF administration on behavior and mHtt aggregates in the N171-82Q mouse model of HD. Data showed that CDNF did not significantly decrease the number of mHtt aggregates in most brain regions studied. Notably, CDNF significantly delayed the onset of symptoms and improved motor coordination in N171-82Q mice. Furthermore, CDNF increased BDNF mRNA level in hippocampus in vivo in the N171-82Q model and BDNF protein level in cultured striatal neurons. Collectively our results indicate that CDNF might be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HD.
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Abbasinezhad-Moud F, Mirzavi F, Rakhshandeh H, Mohebbati R, Forouzanfar F, Jalili-Nik M, Azadi N, Sanati M, Afshari AR, Soukhtanloo M. The Effects of Urolithin B and Auraptene on Quinolinic Acid-induced Toxicity in the SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Altern Lab Anim 2023; 51:30-38. [PMID: 36550678 DOI: 10.1177/02611929221146752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathological accumulation of quinolinic acid (QA) is often associated with neuritis and neuronal cell death in several neurodegenerative diseases, through the overproduction of free radicals. Urolithin B and auraptene have been reported to exert potent antioxidant effects - however, little is known about the protective effects of these compounds against QA-induced neurotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the in vitro protective effects of urolithin B and auraptene against QA-induced neurotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. The MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability, and flow cytometry was carried out to evaluate effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. Our findings showed that auraptene at non-toxic concentrations had no protective effect on QA-induced toxicity. However, urolithin B at concentrations of 0.6 μM and 2.5 μM enhanced the viability of cells treated with QA. Moreover, while the percentage of apoptotic cells (i.e. in the sub-G1 phase) was shown to significantly increase after QA treatment, pre-treatment with urolithin B reduced the number of these apoptotic cells. Furthermore, urolithin B, as an antioxidant, also significantly reduced QA-induced ROS production. Our findings suggest that urolithin B may possess potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against QA-induced neurotoxicity that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Abbasinezhad-Moud
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, 48441Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Forouzanfar
- Neuroscience Research Center, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nadia Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 125609Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 196469North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, 37552Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Patel V, Abu-Hijleh F, Rigg N, Mishra R. Cannabidiol Protects Striatal Neurons by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 8:299-308. [PMID: 36454179 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aggregation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a pathological trait shared by many neurodegenerative disorders. This aggregation leads to the persistent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ultimately apoptosis as a result of ER stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in various cellular and animal models of neurodegeneration, which has been attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known about the role of CBD in the context of protein folding and ER stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CBD is neuroprotective against an in vitro model of ER stress. Materials and Methods: Using different exposure models, mouse striatal STHdhQ7/Q7 cells were exposed to either the ER stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) and/or CBD. Cell viabilities assays were used to investigate the effect of CBD pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment on TG-induced cell death. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure changes in ER stress regulators and UPR genes such as glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), BCL-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), and caspase-12. Results: Cell viability increased significantly when cells were pre-treated with CBD before TG exposure. An increase in the gene expression of pro-survival ER chaperone GRP78 and ER-resident neurotrophic factor MANF coincided with this effect and decreased ER-mediated pro-apoptotic markers such as BIM, and caspase-12 was observed. Conclusions: These data suggest that CBD pre-treatment is neuroprotective against TG-induced cell death. Understanding the role of ER stress in CBD-driven neuroprotection provides insight into the therapeutic potential of CBD and the role of ER dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahed Abu-Hijleh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolette Rigg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ram Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Shabani Z, Soltani Zangbar H, Nasrolahi A. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor increases proliferation, Migration and differentiation of subventricular zone neuroblasts in photothrombotic stroke model of mouse. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106725. [PMID: 36116218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemic stroke can induce the proliferation of subventricular zone (SVZ) neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain. However, this reparative process is restricted because of NSCs' death shortly after injury or disability of them to reach the infarct boundary. In the present study, we investigated the ability of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) on the attraction of SVZ-resident NSCs toward the lesioned area and neurological recovery in a photothrombotic (PT) stroke model of mice METHODS: The mice were assigned to three groups stroke, stroke+phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and stroke+CDNF. Migration of SVZ NSCs were evaluated by BrdU/doublecortin (DCX) double immunofluorescence method on days 7 and 14 and their differentiation were evaluated by BrdU/ Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) double immunofluorescence method 28 days after intra-SVZ CDNF injection. Serial coronal sections were stained with cresyl violet to detect the infarct volume and a modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed to assess the neurological performance RESULTS: Injection of CDNF increased the proliferation of SVZ NSCs and the number of DCX-expressing neuroblasts migrated from the SVZ toward the ischemic site. It also enhanced the differentiation of migrated neuroblasts into the mature neurons in the lesioned site. Along with this, the infarct volume was significantly decreased and the neurological performance was improved as compared to other groups CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CDNF is capable of enhancing the proliferation of NSCs residing in the SVZ and their migration toward the ischemia region and finally, differentiation of them in stroke mice, concomitantly decreased infarct volume and improved neurological abilities were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shabani
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070998. [PMID: 35883554 PMCID: PMC9313172 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in both depression and neurodegenerative diseases. The kynurenine pathway, generating metabolites which may play a role in pathogenesis, is one of several competing pathways of tryptophan metabolism. The present article is a narrative review of tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation, depression, and neurodegeneration. A disturbed tryptophan metabolism with increased activity of the kynurenine pathway and production of quinolinic acid may result in deficiencies in tryptophan and derived neurotransmitters. Quinolinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, and raised levels in CSF, together with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, have been reported in mood disorders. Increased quinolinic acid has also been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and HIV-related cognitive decline. Oxidative stress in connection with increased indole-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine formation may contribute to inflammatory responses and the production of cytokines. Increased formation of quinolinic acid may occur at the expense of kynurenic acid and neuroprotective picolinic acid. While awaiting ongoing research on potential pharmacological interventions on tryptophan metabolism, adequate protein intake with appropriate amounts of tryptophan and antioxidants may offer protection against oxidative stress and provide a balanced set of physiological receptor ligands.
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Yadav D, Kumar P. Restoration and targeting of aberrant neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2022; 156:105327. [PMID: 35331828 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are considered as a fundamental regulator in the process of neuronal growth, differentiation and survival. Parkinson's Disease (PD) occurs due to extensive damage of dopamine-producing neurons; this causes dopamine deficits in the midbrain, followed by the alternation of various other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc.). It has been observed that fluctuation of neurotransmission in the basal ganglia exhibits a great impact on the pathophysiology of PD. Dopamine replacement therapy, such as the use of L-DOPA, can increase the dopamine level, but it majorly ameliorates the motor symptoms and is also associated with long-term complications (for e.g., LID). While the non-dopaminergic system can efficiently target non-motor symptoms, for instance, the noradrenergic system regulates the synthesis of BDNF via the MAPK pathway, which is important in learning and memory. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of different neurotransmitters, implementation of neurotransmitter receptors in PD. We also illustrate the recent advances of neurotransmitter-based drugs, which are currently under in vivo and clinical studies. Reinstating normal neurotransmitter levels has been believed to be advantageous in the treatment of PD. Thus, there is an increasing demand for drugs that can specifically target the neurotransmission system and reinstate the normal levels of neurotransmitters, which might prevent or delay neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi, India; Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, 110042, India.
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Lindholm P, Saarma M. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor protects and repairs dopamine neurons by novel mechanism. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1310-1321. [PMID: 34907395 PMCID: PMC9095478 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons deteriorate in Parkinson's disease (PD) that is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder. No cure is available that would stop the dopaminergic decline or restore function of injured neurons in PD. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs), e.g., glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are small, secreted proteins that promote neuron survival during mammalian development and regulate adult neuronal plasticity, and they are studied as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, results from clinical trials of GDNF and related NTF neurturin (NRTN) in PD have been modest so far. In this review, we focus on cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), an unconventional neurotrophic protein. CDNF delivered to the brain parenchyma protects and restores dopamine neurons in animal models of PD. In a recent Phase I-II clinical trial CDNF was found safe and well tolerated. CDNF deletion in mice led to age-dependent functional changes in the brain dopaminergic system and loss of enteric neurons resulting in slower gastrointestinal motility. These defects in Cdnf-/- mice intriguingly resemble deficiencies observed in early stage PD. Different from classical NTFs, CDNF can function both as an extracellular trophic factor and as an intracellular, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) luminal protein that protects neurons and other cell types against ER stress. Similarly to the homologous mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), CDNF is able to regulate ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and promote protein homeostasis in the ER. Since ER stress is thought to be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the dopaminergic degeneration in PD, CDNF, and its small-molecule derivatives that are under development may provide useful tools for experimental medicine and future therapies for the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Lindholm
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Tian Y, Daya R, Bhandari J, Joshi H, Thomson S, Patel V, Mishra R. Effect of Chronic Treatment with D2 Allosteric Modulator PAOPA on the Expression of Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF) in Select Brain Regions. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Eremin DV, Ilchibaeva TV, Tsybko AS. Cerebral Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor (CDNF): Structure, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:852-866. [PMID: 34284712 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921070063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) together with the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) form a unique family of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) structurally and functionally different from other proteins with neurotrophic activity. CDNF has no receptors on the cell membrane, is localized mainly in the cavity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its primary function is to regulate ER stress. In addition, CDNF is able to suppress inflammation and apoptosis. Due to its functions, CDNF has demonstrated outstanding protective and restorative properties in various models of neuropathology associated with ER stress, including Parkinson's disease (PD). That is why CDNF already passed clinical trials in patients with PD. However, despite the name, CDNF functions extend far beyond the dopamine system in the brain. In particular, there are data on participation of CDNF in the maturation and maintenance of other neurotransmitter systems, regulation of the processes of neuroplasticity and non-motor behavior. In the present review, we discuss the features of CDNF structure and functions, its protective and regenerative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Eremin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ilchibaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anton S Tsybko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010126. [PMID: 33478054 PMCID: PMC7835747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, there is no effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in clinical practice. In this context, glycine-L-proline-L-glutamate (GPE) and its analogs may open the way for developing a novel molecule for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. In turn, this study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potentials exerted by three novel GPE peptidomimetics (GPE1, GPE2, and GPE3) using an in vitro AD model. Anti-Alzheimer potentials were determined using a wide array of techniques, such as measurements of mitochondrial viability (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-secretase and β-secretase activities, comparisons of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels, flow cytometric and microscopic detection of apoptotic and necrotic neuronal death, and investigating gene expression responses via PCR arrays involving 64 critical genes related to 10 different pathways. Our analysis showed that GPE peptidomimetics modulate oxidative stress, ACh depletion, α-secretase inactivation, apoptotic, and necrotic cell death. In vitro results suggested that treatments with novel GPE analogs might be promising therapeutic agents for treatment and/or or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Aslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Kenan Cadirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Cigdem Yuce Kahraman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 24075 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
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