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Wardhani K, Levina A, Grau GER, Lay PA. Fluorescent, phosphorescent, magnetic resonance contrast and radioactive tracer labelling of extracellular vesicles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6779-6829. [PMID: 38828885 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This review focusses on the significance of fluorescent, phosphorescent labelling and tracking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for unravelling their biology, pathophysiology, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Various labeling strategies, such as lipid membrane, surface protein, luminal, nucleic acid, radionuclide, quantum dot labels, and metal complex-based stains, are evaluated for visualizing and characterizing EVs. Direct labelling with fluorescent lipophilic dyes is simple but generally lacks specificity, while surface protein labelling offers selectivity but may affect EV-cell interactions. Luminal and nucleic acid labelling strategies have their own advantages and challenges. Each labelling approach has strengths and weaknesses, which require a suitable probe and technique based on research goals, but new tetranuclear polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as phosphorescent probes have strong phosphorescence, selective staining, and stability. Future research should prioritize the design of novel fluorescent probes and labelling platforms that can significantly enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and specificity of EV labeling, while preserving their composition and functionality. It is crucial to reduce false positive signals and explore the potential of multimodal imaging techniques to gain comprehensive insights into EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika Wardhani
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology (B-TEK) Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA
| | - Aviva Levina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Georges E R Grau
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Vascular Immunology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter A Lay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Cancer Network, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Analytical, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
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Arizmendi-Izazaga A, Navarro-Tito N, Jiménez-Wences H, Evaristo-Priego A, Priego-Hernández VD, Dircio-Maldonado R, Zacapala-Gómez AE, Mendoza-Catalán MÁ, Illades-Aguiar B, De Nova Ocampo MA, Salmerón-Bárcenas EG, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Ortiz-Ortiz J. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals E6 and E7 of HPV 16 Regulate Metabolic Reprogramming in Cervical Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, and Colorectal Cancer through the PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α Axis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6199-6222. [PMID: 38921041 PMCID: PMC11202971 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) infection is associated with several types of cancer, such as head and neck, cervical, anal, and penile cancer. Its oncogenic potential is due to the ability of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins to promote alterations associated with cell transformation. HPV 16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins increase metabolic reprogramming, one of the hallmarks of cancer, by increasing the stability of hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF-1α) and consequently increasing the expression levels of their target genes. In this report, by bioinformatic analysis, we show the possible effect of HPV 16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 on metabolic reprogramming in cancer through the E6-E7-PHD2-VHL-CUL2-ELOC-HIF-1α axis. We proposed that E6 and E7 interact with VHL, CUL2, and ELOC in forming the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that ubiquitinates HIF-1α for degradation via the proteasome. Based on the information found in the databases, it is proposed that E6 interacts with VHL by blocking its interaction with HIF-1α. On the other hand, E7 interacts with CUL2 and ELOC, preventing their binding to VHL and RBX1, respectively. Consequently, HIF-1α is stabilized and binds with HIF-1β to form the active HIF1 complex that binds to hypoxia response elements (HREs), allowing the expression of genes related to energy metabolism. In addition, we suggest an effect of E6 and E7 at the level of PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC gene expression. Here, we propose some miRNAs targeting PHD2, VHL, CUL2, and ELOC mRNAs. The effect of E6 and E7 may be the non-hydroxylation and non-ubiquitination of HIF-1α, which may regulate metabolic processes involved in metabolic reprogramming in cancer upon stabilization, non-degradation, and translocation to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adán Arizmendi-Izazaga
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Hilda Jiménez-Wences
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Adilene Evaristo-Priego
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Víctor Daniel Priego-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Roberto Dircio-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico;
| | - Ana Elvira Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Mónica Ascención De Nova Ocampo
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Massieu Helguera No. 239 Col. Fracc. La Escalera-Ticomán, Ciudad de Mexico C.P. 07320, Mexico;
| | - Eric Genaro Salmerón-Bárcenas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México C.P. 07360, Mexico;
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
| | - Julio Ortiz-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico; (A.A.-I.); (A.E.-P.); (V.D.P.-H.); (A.E.Z.-G.); (M.Á.M.-C.); (B.I.-A.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Colonia La Haciendita, Chilpancingo C.P. 39090, Guerrero, Mexico;
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Xu T, Yu X, Xu K, Lin Y, Wang J, Pan Z, Fang J, Wang S, Zhou Z, Song H, Zhu S, Dai X. Comparison of the ability of exosomes and ectosomes derived from adipose-derived stromal cells to promote cartilage regeneration in a rat osteochondral defect model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:18. [PMID: 38229196 PMCID: PMC10792834 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offer promising prospects for stimulating cartilage regeneration. The different formation mechanisms suggest that exosomes and ectosomes possess different biological functions. However, little attention has been paid to the differential effects of EV subsets on cartilage regeneration. METHODS Our study compared the effects of the two EVs isolated from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) on chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) in vitro. Additionally, we loaded the two EVs into type I collagen hydrogels to optimize their application for the treatment of osteochondral defects in vivo. RESULTS In vitro experiments demonstrate that ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-Exos) significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of both cells more effectively than ASC-derived ectosomes (ASC-Ectos). Furthermore, ASC-Exos facilitated a stronger differentiation of BMSCs into chondrogenic cells than ASC-Ectos, but both inhibited chondrocyte apoptosis to a similar extent. In the osteochondral defect model of rats, ASC-Exos promoted cartilage regeneration in situ better than ASC-Ectos. At 8 weeks, the hydrogel containing exosomes group (Gel + Exo group) had higher macroscopic and histological scores, a higher value of trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), a lower value of trabecular thickness (Tb.Sp), and a better remodeling of extracellular matrix than the hydrogel containing ectosomes group (Gel + Ecto group). At 4 and 8 weeks, the expression of CD206 and Arginase-1 in the Gel + Exo group was significantly higher than that in the Gel + Ecto group. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that administering ASC-Exos may be a more effective EV strategy for cartilage regeneration than the administration of ASC-Ectos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengjing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunting Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Siheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Clinical Research Center of Motor System Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China.
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Mirzaei R, Karampoor S, Korotkova NL. The emerging role of miRNA-122 in infectious diseases: Mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154725. [PMID: 37544130 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes. Recent investigations have highlighted the significant involvement of miRNA-122 (miR-122) in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases caused by diverse pathogens, encompassing viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. In the context of viral infections, miR-122 exerts regulatory control over viral replication by binding to the viral genome and modulating the host's antiviral response. For instance, in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, miR-122 restricts viral replication, while HBV, in turn, suppresses miR-122 expression. Conversely, miR-122 interacts with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, facilitating viral replication. Regarding bacterial infections, miR-122 has been found to regulate host immune responses by influencing inflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis. In Vibrio anguillarum infections, there is a significant reduction in miR-122 expression, contributing to the pathophysiology of bacterial infections. Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) has been identified as a novel target gene of miR-122, affecting inflammatory and immune responses. In the context of parasitic infections, miR-122 plays a crucial role in regulating host lipid metabolism and immune responses. For example, during Leishmania infection, miR-122-containing extracellular vesicles from liver cells are unable to enter infected macrophages, leading to a suppression of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, miR-122 exhibits promise as a potential biomarker for various infectious diseases. Its expression level in body fluids, particularly in serum and plasma, correlates with disease severity and treatment response in patients affected by HCV, HBV, and tuberculosis. This paper also discusses the potential of miR-122 as a biomarker in infectious diseases. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive and insightful overview of the emerging role of miR-122 in infectious diseases, detailing its mechanism of action and potential implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nadezhda Lenoktovna Korotkova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Privolzhsky Research Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (FSBEI HE PRMU MOH Russia), Russia
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Hillyar CR, Kanabar SS, Pufal KR, Saw Hee JL, Lawson AW, Mohamed Y, Jasim D, Reed L, Rallis KS, Nibber A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of miRNAs for the detection of cervical cancer. Epigenomics 2023; 15:593-613. [PMID: 37535320 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to critically appraise the evidence of the diagnostic effectiveness of miRNAs for the detection of cervical cancer. Methods & materials: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, searching PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. An umbrella meta-analysis of meta-analyses of individual biomarkers was performed. A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) assessment of evidence was also performed. Results: A total of 52 miRNAs were included. Umbrella meta-analysis revealed significant heterogeneity in terms of sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), positive predictive value and/or negative predictive value. Umbrella effects were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.73-0.78), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.75-0.81), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.75-0.80), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71-0.79) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.74-0.79), respectively. Conclusion: Moderate quality evidence suggested miR199a-5p, miR21-5p and miR-141a had excellent diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rt Hillyar
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6HG, UK
- Elderly Care, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, RG1 5AN, UK
| | - Shivani S Kanabar
- General Surgery, Sandwell General Hospital, Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, B71 4HJ, UK
| | - Kamil R Pufal
- General Surgery, Queens Hospital Burton, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Trust, Burton-on-Trent, DE13 0RB, UK
| | - Joshua Li Saw Hee
- Renal Unit, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - Alexander W Lawson
- General Surgery, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, WV10 0QP, UK
| | - Yethrib Mohamed
- General Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B9 5SS, UK
| | - Duha Jasim
- Intensive Care, Maidstone & Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Tunbridge Wells, TN2 4QJ, UK
| | - Lara Reed
- General Surgery, Weston General Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Weston-super-Mare, BS23 4TQ, UK
| | - Kathrine S Rallis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Hematology-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6AU, UK
| | - Anjan Nibber
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6HG, UK
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Quantitative Proteomics for the Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins in the Extracellular Vesicles of Cervical Cancer Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030702. [PMID: 36992411 PMCID: PMC10051161 DOI: 10.3390/v15030702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a tumoral microenvironment can exert different functions by transferring their content, which has been poorly described in cervical cancer. Here, we tried to clarify the proteomic content of these EVs, comparing those derived from cancerous HPV (+) keratinocytes (HeLa) versus those derived from normal HPV (–) keratinocytes (HaCaT). We performed a quantitative proteomic analysis, using LC-MS/MS, of the EVs from HeLa and HaCaT cell lines. The up- and downregulated proteins in the EVs from the HeLa cell line were established, along with the cellular component, molecular function, biological processes, and signaling pathways in which they participate. The biological processes with the highest number of upregulated proteins are cell adhesion, proteolysis, lipid metabolic process, and immune system processes. Interestingly, three of the top five signaling pathways with more up- and downregulated proteins are part of the immune response. Due to their content, we can infer that EVs can have a significant role in migration, invasion, metastasis, and the activation or suppression of immune system cells in cancer.
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7
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Fu M, Gu J, Wang M, Zhang J, Chen Y, Jiang P, Zhu T, Zhang X. Emerging roles of tRNA-derived fragments in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:30. [PMID: 36782290 PMCID: PMC9926655 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are an emerging category of small non-coding RNAs that are generated from cleavage of mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors. The advance in high-throughput sequencing has contributed to the identification of increasing number of tRFs with critical functions in distinct physiological and pathophysiological processes. tRFs can regulate cell viability, differentiation, and homeostasis through multiple mechanisms and are thus considered as critical regulators of human diseases including cancer. In addition, increasing evidence suggest the extracellular tRFs may be utilized as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis, classification and modification of tRFs, and summarize the multifaceted functions of tRFs with an emphasis on the current research status and perspectives of tRFs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- grid.452247.2Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China ,grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nantong Tumor Hospital/Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361 Jiangsu China
| | - Maoye Wang
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Yanke Chen
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XJiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- grid.452247.2Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002 Jiangsu China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Rangel-Ramírez VV, González-Sánchez HM, Lucio-García C. Exosomes: from biology to immunotherapy in infectious diseases. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:79-107. [PMID: 36562253 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2149852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles derived from the endosomal compartment, which are released by all kinds of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. These vesicles contain a variety of biomolecules that differ both in quantity and type depending on the origin and cellular state. Exosomes are internalized by recipient cells, delivering their content and thus contributing to cell-cell communication in health and disease. During infections exosomes may exert a dual role, on one hand, they can transmit pathogen-related molecules mediating further infection and damage, and on the other hand, they can protect the host by activating the immune response and reducing pathogen spread. Selective packaging of pathogenic components may mediate these effects. Recently, quantitative analysis of samples by omics technologies has allowed a deep characterization of the proteins, lipids, RNA, and metabolite cargoes of exosomes. Knowledge about the content of these vesicles may facilitate their therapeutic application. Furthermore, as exosomes have been detected in almost all biological fluids, pathogenic or host-derived components can be identified in liquid biopsies, making them suitable for diagnosis and prognosis. This review attempts to organize the recent findings on exosome composition and function during viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections, and their contribution to host defense or to pathogen spread. Moreover, we summarize the current perspectives and future directions regarding the potential application of exosomes for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - César Lucio-García
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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9
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Tong F, Tang G, Wang X. Characteristics of Human and Microbiome RNA Profiles in Saliva. RNA Biol 2023; 20:398-408. [PMID: 37401028 PMCID: PMC10321209 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2229596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a convenient non-invasive source of liquid biopsy to monitor human health and diagnose diseases. In particular, extracellular vesicles (EVs) in saliva can potentially reveal clinically relevant information for systemic health. Recent studies have shown that RNA in saliva EVs could be exploited as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, there is no standardized protocol for profiling RNA in saliva EV nor clear guideline on selecting saliva fractions for biomarker analysis. To address these issues, we established a robust protocol for small RNA profiling from fractionated saliva. With this method, we performed comprehensive small RNA sequencing of four saliva fractions, including cell-free saliva (CFS), EV-depleted saliva (EV-D), exosome (EXO), and microvesicle (MV) from ten healthy volunteers. By comparing the expression profiles of total RNA from these fractions, we found that MV was most enriched in microbiome RNA (76.2% of total reads on average), whereas EV-D was notably enriched in human RNA (70.3% of total reads on average). As for human RNA composition, CFS and EV-D were both enriched in snoRNA and tRNA compared with the two EV fractions (EXO and MV, P < 0.05). Interestingly, EXO and MV had highly correlated expression profiles for various noncoding RNAs such as miRNA, tRNA, and yRNA. Our study revealed unique characteristics of circulating RNAs in various saliva fractions, which provides a guideline on preparing saliva samples to study specific RNA biomarkers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjia Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gongyu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Nakhaie M, Jalilian FA, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A, Yarani R, Shojaeian A. Small extracellular vesicles as key players in cancer development caused by human oncogenic viruses. Infect Agent Cancer 2022; 17:58. [DOI: 10.1186/s13027-022-00471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exosomes are the smallest group of extracellular vesicles in size from 30 to 150 nm, surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane, and originate from multivesicular bodies secreted by different types of cells, such as virus-infected cells. The critical role of exosomes is information transfer among cells, representing a unique way for intercellular communication via a load of many kinds of molecules, including various signaling proteins and nucleic acids. In this review, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the role of exosomes in promoting human oncogenic viruses-associated cancers.
Methods
Our search was conducted for published researches between 2000 and 2022 by using several international databases includeing Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science as well as Google scholar. We also reviewed additional evidence from relevant published articles.
Results
It has been shown that exosomes can create the conditions for viral spread in viral infections. Exosome secretion in a human tumor virus can switch on the cell signaling pathways by transferring exosome-encapsulated molecules, including viral oncoproteins, signal transduction molecules, and virus-encoded miRNAs, into various cells.
Conclusion
Given the role of exosomes in viruses-associated cancers, they can also be considered as molecular targets in diagnosis and treatment.
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11
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Kaczmarek M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Bogucki Ł, Dutsch-Wicherek M. HPV-Related Cervical Cancer and Extracellular Vesicles. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2584. [PMID: 36359429 PMCID: PMC9689649 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in females worldwide. Infection with a human papillomavirus is crucial to the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer. The natural trajectory of HPV infection comprises HPV acquisition, HPV persistence versus clearance, and progression to precancer and invasive cancer. The majority of HPV infections are cleared and controlled by the immune system within 2 years, but some infections may become quiescent or undetectable. The persistence of high-risk HPV infection for a longer period of time enhances the risk of malignant transformation of infected cells; however, the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of infection are not yet well-understood. It is estimated that 10-15% of infections do persist, and the local microenvironment is now recognized as an important cofactor promoting infection maintenance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles derived from both normal cells and cancer cells. EVs contain various proteins, such as cytoskeletal proteins, adhesion molecules, heat shock proteins, major histocompatibility complex, and membrane fusion proteins. EVs derived from HPV-infected cells also contain viral proteins and nucleic acids. These biologically active molecules are transferred via EVs to target cells, constituting a kind of cell-to-cell communication. The viral components incorporated into EVs are transmitted independently of the production of infectious virions. This mode of transfer makes EVs a perfect vector for viruses and their components. EVs participate in both physiological and pathological conditions; they have also been identified as one of the mediators involved in cancer metastasis. This review discusses the potential role of EVs in remodeling the cervical cancer microenvironment which may be crucial to tumor development and the acquisition of metastatic potential. EVs are promising as potential biomarkers in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kaczmarek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Paediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bogucki
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dutsch-Wicherek
- Department of Endoscopic Otorhinolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education (CMKP), 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Safrastyan A, Wollny D. Network analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma liquid biopsies augmented by single-cell sequencing data. Front Genet 2022; 13:921195. [PMID: 36092896 PMCID: PMC9452847 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.921195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, the analysis of body fluids, represents a promising approach for disease diagnosis and prognosis with minimal intervention. Sequencing cell-free RNA derived from liquid biopsies has been very promising for the diagnosis of several diseases. Cancer research, in particular, has emerged as a prominent candidate since early diagnosis has been shown to be a critical determinant of disease prognosis. Although high-throughput analysis of liquid biopsies has uncovered many differentially expressed genes in the context of cancer, the functional connection between these genes is not investigated in depth. An important approach to remedy this issue is the construction of gene networks which describes the correlation patterns between different genes, thereby allowing to infer their functional organization. In this study, we aimed at characterizing extracellular transcriptome gene networks of hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to healthy controls. Our analysis revealed a number of genes previously associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and uncovered their association network in the blood. Our study thus demonstrates the feasibility of performing gene co-expression network analysis from cell-free RNA data and its utility in studying hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, we augmented cell-free RNA network analysis with single-cell RNA sequencing data which enables the contextualization of the identified network modules with cell-type specific transcriptomes from the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Safrastyan
- RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Damian Wollny
- RNA Bioinformatics and High Throughput Analysis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Damian Wollny,
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Ojha PS, Maste MM, Tubachi S, Patil VS. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: an insight highlighting pathogenesis and targeting strategies. Virusdisease 2022; 33:132-154. [DOI: 10.1007/s13337-022-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yu L, Majerciak V, Zheng ZM. HPV16 and HPV18 Genome Structure, Expression, and Post-Transcriptional Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094943. [PMID: 35563334 PMCID: PMC9105396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of small non-enveloped DNA viruses whose infection causes benign tumors or cancers. HPV16 and HPV18, the two most common high-risk HPVs, are responsible for ~70% of all HPV-related cervical cancers and head and neck cancers. The expression of the HPV genome is highly dependent on cell differentiation and is strictly regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Both HPV early and late transcripts differentially expressed in the infected cells are intron-containing bicistronic or polycistronic RNAs bearing more than one open reading frame (ORF), because of usage of alternative viral promoters and two alternative viral RNA polyadenylation signals. Papillomaviruses proficiently engage alternative RNA splicing to express individual ORFs from the bicistronic or polycistronic RNA transcripts. In this review, we discuss the genome structures and the updated transcription maps of HPV16 and HPV18, and the latest research advances in understanding RNA cis-elements, intron branch point sequences, and RNA-binding proteins in the regulation of viral RNA processing. Moreover, we briefly discuss the epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and possible APOBEC-mediated genome editing in HPV infections and carcinogenesis.
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Liu DSK, Yang QZC, Asim M, Krell J, Frampton AE. The Clinical Significance of Transfer RNAs Present in Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073692. [PMID: 35409051 PMCID: PMC8998272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments in EVs has yet to be characterised. This systematic review aimed to identify up-to-date literature on tRNAs present within human EVs and explores their potential clinical significance in health and disease. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up until 1 January 2022. From 685 papers, 60 studies were identified for analysis. The majority of papers reviewed focussed on the role of EV tRNAs in cancers (31.7%), with numerous other conditions represented. Blood and cell lines were the most common EV sources, representing 85.9% of protocols used. EV isolation methods included most known methods, precipitation being the most common (49.3%). The proportion of EV tRNAs was highly variable, ranging between 0.04% to >95% depending on tissue source. EV tRNAs are present in a multitude of sources and show promise as disease markers in breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and other diseases. EV tRNA research is an emerging field, with increasing numbers of papers highlighting novel methodologies for tRNA and tRNA fragment discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. K. Liu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (D.S.K.L.); (Q.Z.C.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Qi Zhi Clayton Yang
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (D.S.K.L.); (Q.Z.C.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK;
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (D.S.K.L.); (Q.Z.C.Y.); (J.K.)
| | - Adam E. Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK; (D.S.K.L.); (Q.Z.C.Y.); (J.K.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK;
- HPB Surgical Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XX, UK
- Correspondence: or
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Bañuelos-Villegas EG, Pérez-yPérez MF, Alvarez-Salas LM. Cervical Cancer, Papillomavirus, and miRNA Dysfunction. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:758337. [PMID: 34957212 PMCID: PMC8703027 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.758337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in women from developing countries. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 is a major risk factor for cervical carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, only a few women with morphologic expression of HPV infection progress into invasive disease suggesting the involvement of other factors in cervical carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression including genes involved in fundamental biological processes and human cancer. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely reported in cervical cancer. This work focuses on reviewing the miRNAs affected during the HPV infection process, as well relevant miRNAs that contribute to the development and maintenance of malignant cervical tumor cells. Finally, we recapitulate on miRNAs that may be used to distinguish between healthy individuals from patients with precancerous lesions or cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gabriela Bañuelos-Villegas
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del I.P.N., México City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Pérez-yPérez
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del I.P.N., México City, Mexico
| | - Luis Marat Alvarez-Salas
- Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del I.P.N., México City, Mexico
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Extracellular Vesicles in Cervical Cancer and HPV Infection. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060453. [PMID: 34202942 PMCID: PMC8235012 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their description, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown growing relevance in cancer progression. These cell structures contain and transfer molecules such as nucleic acids (including DNA and RNA), proteins, and lipids. Despite the rising information about EVs’ relationship with cancer, there is still scarce evidence about their content and function in cervical cancer. Interestingly, the composition and purposes of some cellular molecules and the expression of oncogenic proteins packaged in EVs seem modified in HPV-infected cells; and, although only the E6 oncogenic protein has been detected in exosomes from HPV-positive cells, both E6/E7 oncogenes mRNA has been identified in EVs; however, their role still needs to be clarified. Given that EVs internalizing into adjacent or distant cells could modify their cellular behavior or promote cancer-associated events like apoptosis, proliferation, migration, or angiogenesis in receptor cells, their comprehensive study will reveal EV-associated mechanisms in cervical cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge in composition and functions of cervical cancer and HPV Infection-derived EVs.
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Li Q, Nong A, Huang Z, Xu Y, He K, Jia Y, Huang Y. Exosomes containing miR-122-5p secreted by LPS-induced neutrophils regulate the apoptosis and permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells by targeting OCLN. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:4167-4181. [PMID: 34150006 PMCID: PMC8205764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of exosomes containing miR-122-5p secreted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophils on the apoptosis and permeability of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). METHODS Neutrophils in blood were isolated, purified and identified. LPS-induced neutrophils were co-cultured with BMECs. Untreated or LPS-induced neutrophil exosomes were isolated and identified with a transmission electron microscope. miR-122-5p expressions in the exosomes were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and then the exosomes were co-cultured with BMECs. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the downstream target gene of miR-122-5p, and OCLN was selected as the subject. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to verify the interactive relationship between OCLN and miR-122-5p. LPS and miR-122-5p were used to treat neutrophils, and then exosomes were collected. Exosome or OCLN was embedded in BMECs. The proliferation, colony forming ability and apoptosis of BMECs were detected by cholecystokinin octopeptide, clone formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Corresponding kits were used to detect the activities of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and catalase. Vascular endothelial growth factor and tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-5) expressions were measured by Western blot for cell permeability evaluation. RESULTS miR-122-5p had an increased expression in LPS-induced neutrophil exosomes and could promote oxidative stress, apoptosis and permeability increase of BMECs and the inhibition of BMECs proliferation and colony formation (P<0.05). miR-122-5p targeted the binding with OCLN and down-regulated OCLN expression. OCLN overexpression partly decreased the malignant effect of miR-122-5p on BMECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION LPS can induce neutrophils to secrete exosomes containing miR-122-5p. The down-regulation of OLCN expression can aggravate BMECs injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Anna Nong
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhijing Huang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yun’an Xu
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kebin He
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuying Jia
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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