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Wallace MN, Berger JI, Hockley A, Sumner CJ, Akeroyd MA, Palmer AR, McNaughton PA. Identifying tinnitus in mice by tracking the motion of body markers in response to an acoustic startle. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1452450. [PMID: 39170684 PMCID: PMC11335616 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1452450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of tinnitus are commonly used to study its mechanisms and potential treatments. Tinnitus can be identified by changes in the gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS), most commonly by using pressure detectors to measure the whole-body startle (WBS). Unfortunately, the WBS habituates quickly, the measuring system can introduce mechanical oscillations and the response shows considerable variability. We have instead used a motion tracking system to measure the localized motion of small reflective markers in response to an acoustic startle reflex in guinea pigs and mice. For guinea pigs, the pinna had the largest responses both in terms of displacement between pairs of markers and in terms of the speed of the reflex movement. Smaller, but still reliable responses were observed with markers on the thorax, abdomen and back. The peak speed of the pinna reflex was the most sensitive measure for calculating GPIAS in the guinea pig. Recording the pinna reflex in mice proved impractical due to removal of the markers during grooming. However, recordings from their back and tail allowed us to measure the peak speed and the twitch amplitude (area under curve) of reflex responses and both analysis methods showed robust GPIAS. When mice were administered high doses of sodium salicylate, which induces tinnitus in humans, there was a significant reduction in GPIAS, consistent with the presence of tinnitus. Thus, measurement of the peak speed or twitch amplitude of pinna, back and tail markers provides a reliable assessment of tinnitus in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. Wallace
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joel I. Berger
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Adam Hockley
- Cognitive and Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Michael A. Akeroyd
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R. Palmer
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. McNaughton
- Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Ono M, Ito T. Hearing loss-related altered neuronal activity in the inferior colliculus. Hear Res 2024; 449:109033. [PMID: 38797036 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is well known to cause plastic changes in the central auditory system and pathological changes such as tinnitus and hyperacusis. Impairment of inner ear functions is the main cause of hearing loss. In aged individuals, not only inner ear dysfunction but also senescence of the central nervous system is the cause of malfunction of the auditory system. In most cases of hearing loss, the activity of the auditory nerve is reduced, but that of the successive auditory centers is increased in a compensatory way. It has been reported that activity changes occur in the inferior colliculus (IC), a critical nexus of the auditory pathway. The IC integrates the inputs from the brainstem and drives the higher auditory centers. Since abnormal activity in the IC is likely to affect auditory perception, it is crucial to elucidate the neuronal mechanism to induce the activity changes of IC neurons with hearing loss. This review outlines recent findings on hearing-loss-induced plastic changes in the IC and brainstem auditory neuronal circuits and discusses what neuronal mechanisms underlie hearing-loss-induced changes in the activity of IC neurons. Considering the different causes of hearing loss, we discuss age-related hearing loss separately from other forms of hearing loss (non-age-related hearing loss). In general, the main plastic change of IC neurons caused by both age-related and non-age-related hearing loss is increased central gain. However, plastic changes in the IC caused by age-related hearing loss seem to be more complex than those caused by non-age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Ono
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Systems Function and Morphology, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Vasilkov V, Caswell-Midwinter B, Zhao Y, de Gruttola V, Jung DH, Liberman MC, Maison SF. Evidence of cochlear neural degeneration in normal-hearing subjects with tinnitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19870. [PMID: 38036538 PMCID: PMC10689483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, reduced sound-level tolerance, and difficulties hearing in noisy environments are the most common complaints associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adult populations. This study aims to clarify if cochlear neural degeneration estimated in a large pool of participants with normal audiograms is associated with self-report of tinnitus using a test battery probing the different stages of the auditory processing from hair cell responses to the auditory reflexes of the brainstem. Self-report of chronic tinnitus was significantly associated with (1) reduced cochlear nerve responses, (2) weaker middle-ear muscle reflexes, (3) stronger medial olivocochlear efferent reflexes and (4) hyperactivity in the central auditory pathways. These results support the model of tinnitus generation whereby decreased neural activity from a damaged cochlea can elicit hyperactivity from decreased inhibition in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Vasilkov
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Caswell-Midwinter
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Victor de Gruttola
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David H Jung
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Charles Liberman
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stéphane F Maison
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Makani P, Koops EA, Pyott SJ, van Dijk P, Thioux M. Hyperacusis is associated with smaller gray matter volumes in the supplementary motor area. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103425. [PMID: 37137255 PMCID: PMC10176058 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperacusis is a disorder in loudness perception characterized by increased sensitivity to ordinary environmental sounds and associated with otologic conditions, including hearing loss and tinnitus (the phantom perception of sound) as well as neurologic and neuropsychiatric conditions. Hyperacusis is believed to arise centrally in the brain; however, the underlying causes are unknown. To gain insight into differences in brain morphology associated with hyperacusis, we undertook a retrospective case-control study comparing whole-brain gray matter morphology in participants with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus who either scored above or below the threshold for hyperacusis based on a standard questionnaire. We found that participants reporting hyperacusis had smaller gray matter volumes and cortical sheet thicknesses in the right supplementary motor area (SMA), independent of anxiety, depression, tinnitus burden, or sex. In fact, the right SMA volumes extracted from an independently defined volume of interest could accurately classify participants. Finally, in a subset of participants where functional data were also available, we found that individuals with hyperacusis showed increased sound-evoked responses in the right SMA compared to individuals without hyperacusis. Given the role of the SMA in initiating motion, these results suggest that in hyperacusis the SMA is involved in a motor response to sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punitkumar Makani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, FA30, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Elouise A Koops
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sonja J Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, FA30, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, FA30, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Thioux
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, FA30, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, the Netherlands
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Shin SH, Byun SW, Lee ZY, Kim MJ, Kim EH, Lee HY. Clinical Findings That Differentiate Co-Occurrence of Hyperacusis and Tinnitus from Tinnitus Alone. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:1035-1042. [PMID: 36303312 PMCID: PMC9629898 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to assess the characteristics of patients with concurrent tinnitus and hyperacusis, determine the best audiological criteria for predicting hyperacusis, and confirm whether objective evidence of changes in the brain exists. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of patients with tinnitus who visited the hospital between March 2020 and December 2021 were reviewed. Data on accompanying hyperacusis, audiological profiles, and questionnaires including the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory, and numerical rating scale were analyzed. Resting-state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) using power spectral density (PSD) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) were performed to objectively quantify changes in the brain. RESULTS A total of 194 patients were analyzed. Among them, 51 (26.3%) reported combined subjective hyperacusis with tinnitus. However, the proportions widely varied from 7.4% to 68.4% based on three audiological criteria for assessment. A higher score on the THI questionnaire was independently associated with the co-occurrence of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Fair agreement was observed between subjective hyperacusis and the audiological criterion based on a loudness discomfort level (LDL) of ≤90 dB at two or more frequencies for the diagnosis of hyperacusis. An increased beta-PSD and decreased levels of gamma-PSD, all-ERSP, and delta-ERSP were observed in patients with hyperacusis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with co-occurring tinnitus and hyperacusis had more severe tinnitus distress. An LDL of ≤90 dB at two or more frequencies may be applicable to predict accompanying hyperacusis in subjects with tinnitus, and qEEG also provides more objective information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Wan Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zoo Young Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Schilling A, Gerum R, Metzner C, Maier A, Krauss P. Intrinsic Noise Improves Speech Recognition in a Computational Model of the Auditory Pathway. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:908330. [PMID: 35757533 PMCID: PMC9215117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.908330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is generally considered to harm information processing performance. However, in the context of stochastic resonance, noise has been shown to improve signal detection of weak sub- threshold signals, and it has been proposed that the brain might actively exploit this phenomenon. Especially within the auditory system, recent studies suggest that intrinsic noise plays a key role in signal processing and might even correspond to increased spontaneous neuronal firing rates observed in early processing stages of the auditory brain stem and cortex after hearing loss. Here we present a computational model of the auditory pathway based on a deep neural network, trained on speech recognition. We simulate different levels of hearing loss and investigate the effect of intrinsic noise. Remarkably, speech recognition after hearing loss actually improves with additional intrinsic noise. This surprising result indicates that intrinsic noise might not only play a crucial role in human auditory processing, but might even be beneficial for contemporary machine learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Laboratory of Sensory and Cognitive Neuroscience, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics and Center for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claus Metzner
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Linguistics Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Dotan A, Shriki O. Tinnitus-like "hallucinations" elicited by sensory deprivation in an entropy maximization recurrent neural network. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008664. [PMID: 34879061 PMCID: PMC8687580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory deprivation has long been known to cause hallucinations or "phantom" sensations, the most common of which is tinnitus induced by hearing loss, affecting 10-20% of the population. An observable hearing loss, causing auditory sensory deprivation over a band of frequencies, is present in over 90% of people with tinnitus. Existing plasticity-based computational models for tinnitus are usually driven by homeostatic mechanisms, modeled to fit phenomenological findings. Here, we use an objective-driven learning algorithm to model an early auditory processing neuronal network, e.g., in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. The learning algorithm maximizes the network's output entropy by learning the feed-forward and recurrent interactions in the model. We show that the connectivity patterns and responses learned by the model display several hallmarks of early auditory neuronal networks. We further demonstrate that attenuation of peripheral inputs drives the recurrent network towards its critical point and transition into a tinnitus-like state. In this state, the network activity resembles responses to genuine inputs even in the absence of external stimulation, namely, it "hallucinates" auditory responses. These findings demonstrate how objective-driven plasticity mechanisms that normally act to optimize the network's input representation can also elicit pathologies such as tinnitus as a result of sensory deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Dotan
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oren Shriki
- Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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8
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Knipper M, Mazurek B, van Dijk P, Schulze H. Too Blind to See the Elephant? Why Neuroscientists Ought to Be Interested in Tinnitus. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:609-621. [PMID: 34686939 PMCID: PMC8599745 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A curative therapy for tinnitus currently does not exist. One may actually exist but cannot currently be causally linked to tinnitus due to the lack of consistency of concepts about the neural correlate of tinnitus. Depending on predictions, these concepts would require either a suppression or enhancement of brain activity or an increase in inhibition or disinhibition. Although procedures with a potential to silence tinnitus may exist, the lack of rationale for their curative success hampers an optimization of therapeutic protocols. We discuss here six candidate contributors to tinnitus that have been suggested by a variety of scientific experts in the field and that were addressed in a virtual panel discussion at the ARO round table in February 2021. In this discussion, several potential tinnitus contributors were considered: (i) inhibitory circuits, (ii) attention, (iii) stress, (iv) unidentified sub-entities, (v) maladaptive information transmission, and (vi) minor cochlear deafferentation. Finally, (vii) some potential therapeutic approaches were discussed. The results of this discussion is reflected here in view of potential blind spots that may still remain and that have been ignored in most tinnitus literature. We strongly suggest to consider the high impact of connecting the controversial findings to unravel the whole complexity of the tinnitus phenomenon; an essential prerequisite for establishing suitable therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Molecular Physiology of Hearing, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre (THRC), Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Mazurek
- Tinnitus Center Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pim van Dijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Waldstrasse 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Longenecker RJ, Gu R, Homan J, Kil J. Development of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in a Mouse Model of Tobramycin Cochleotoxicity. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:715952. [PMID: 34539342 PMCID: PMC8440845 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.715952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides (AG) antibiotics are a common treatment for recurrent infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. AGs are highly ototoxic, resulting in a range of auditory dysfunctions. It was recently shown that the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) can assess behavioral evidence of hyperacusis and tinnitus in an amikacin cochleotoxicity mouse model. The goal of this study was to establish if tobramycin treatment led to similar changes in ASR behavior and to establish whether ebselen can prevent the development of these maladaptive neuroplastic symptoms. CBA/Ca mice were divided into three groups: Group 1 served as a control and did not receive tobramycin or ebselen, Group 2 received tobramycin (200 mg/kg/s.c.) and the vehicle (DMSO/saline/i.p.) daily for 14 continuous days, and Group 3 received the same dose/schedule of tobramycin as Group 2 and ebselen at (20 mg/kg/i.p.). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ASR hearing assessments were collected at baseline and 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 weeks from the start of treatment. ASR tests included input/output (I/O) functions which assess general hearing and hyperacusis, and Gap-induced prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS) to assess tinnitus. At 18 weeks, histologic analysis showed predominantly normal appearing hair cells and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) synapses. Following 14 days of tobramycin injections, 16 kHz thresholds increased from baseline and fluctuated over the 18-week recovery period. I/O functions revealed exaggerated startle response magnitudes in 50% of mice over the same period. Gap detection deficits, representing behavioral evidence of tinnitus, were observed in a smaller subset (36%) of animals. Interestingly, increases in ABR wave III/wave I amplitude ratios were observed. These tobramycin data corroborate previous findings that AGs can result in hearing dysfunctions. We show that a 14-day course of tobramycin treatment can cause similar levels of hearing loss and tinnitus, when compared to a 14-day course of amikacin, but less hyperacusis. Evidence suggests that tinnitus and hyperacusis might be common side effects of AG antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rende Gu
- Sound Pharmaceuticals Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Kil
- Sound Pharmaceuticals Inc., Seattle, WA, United States
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Koops EA, Eggermont JJ. The thalamus and tinnitus: Bridging the gap between animal data and findings in humans. Hear Res 2021; 407:108280. [PMID: 34175683 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal mechanisms underlying tinnitus are yet to be revealed. Tinnitus, an auditory phantom sensation, used to be approached as a purely auditory domain symptom. More recently, the modulatory impact of non-auditory brain regions on the percept and burden of tinnitus are explored. The thalamus is uniquely situated to facilitate the communication between auditory and non-auditory subcortical and cortical structures. Traditionally, animal models of tinnitus have focussed on subcortical auditory structures, and research with human participants has been concerned with cortical activity in auditory and non-auditory areas. Recently, both research fields have investigated the connectivity between subcortical and cortical regions and between auditory and non-auditory areas. We show that even though the different fields employ different methods to investigate the activity and connectivity of brain areas, there is consistency in the results on tinnitus between these different approaches. This consistency between human and animals research is observed for tinnitus with peripherally instigated hearing damage, and for results obtained with salicylate and noise-induced tinnitus. The thalamus integrates input from limbic and prefrontal areas and modulates auditory activity via its connections to both subcortical and cortical auditory areas. Reported altered activity and connectivity of the auditory, prefrontal, and limbic regions suggest a more systemic approach is necessary to understand the origins and impact of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elouise A Koops
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jos J Eggermont
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, and Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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