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Giraudi PJ, Pascut D, Banfi C, Ghilardi S, Tiribelli C, Bondesan A, Caroli D, Minocci A, Sartorio A. Serum proteome signatures associated with liver steatosis in adolescents with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02419-x. [PMID: 39017916 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity, a pressing global health issue, significantly increases the risk of metabolic complications, including metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Accurate non-invasive tests for early detection and screening of steatosis are crucial. In this study, we explored the serum proteome, identifying proteins as potential biomarkers for inclusion in non-invasive steatosis diagnosis tests. METHODS Fifty-nine obese adolescents underwent ultrasonography to assess steatosis. Serum samples were collected and analyzed by targeted proteomics with the Proximity Extension Assay technology. Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and correlations among them, the individuated markers, and steatosis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the steatosis diagnostic performance of the identified candidates, the fatty liver index (FLI), and their combination in a logistic regression model. RESULTS Significant differences were observed between subjects with and without steatosis in various clinical and biochemical parameters. Gender-related differences in the serum proteome were also noted. Five circulating proteins, including Cathepsin O (CTSO), Cadherin 2 (CDH2), and Prolyl endopeptidase (FAP), were identified as biomarkers for steatosis. CDH2, CTSO, Leukocyte Immunoglobulin Like Receptor A5 (LILRA5), BMI, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, and FLI, among others, significantly correlated with the steatosis degree. CDH2, FAP, and LDL combined in a logit model achieved a diagnostic performance with an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.75-0.97, 100% sensitivity, 84% specificity). CONCLUSIONS CDH2 and FAP combined with other clinical parameters, represent useful tools for accurate diagnosis of fatty liver, emphasizing the importance of integrating novel markers into diagnostic algorithms for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Giraudi
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-ONLUS, Trieste, Italy.
| | - D Pascut
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Banfi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Ghilardi
- Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Tiribelli
- Metabolic Liver Disease Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato-ONLUS, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Bondesan
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - D Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - A Minocci
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - A Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Milan, Italy
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Wu Y, Li Y, Sun M, Yu F, Liu H, Xu J, Tang X. FAP deficiency enhances thermogenesis and attenuates metabolic inflammation in diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:528-539. [PMID: 38100123 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast activation protein α (FAP) is expressed in normal adipose tissue and related to some pleiotropic metabolic regulators. However, the exact role and mechanism of FAP in obesity and related metabolic disorders are not well understood. METHODS FAP knockout mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. FAP knockout mice or wild-type mice treated with an FAP inhibitor were subjected to cold stress for 5 days. RESULTS FAP deficiency protected mice against HFD-induced obesity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, FAP deficiency largely reversed obesity-induced adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and M1-M2 imbalance in white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, energy expenditure was significantly higher in FAP-deficient mice fed an HFD. Both FAP deficiency and inhibition increased cold tolerance through enhancing WAT beiging. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that FAP deficiency protects mice against diet-induced obesity and related metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, the protective effects are probably mediated via the promotion of WAT beiging and suppression of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Fangliu Yu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingyun Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xingli Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Pedersen AKN, Gormsen LC, Nielsen S, Jessen N, Bjerre M. Metformin Improves the Prerequisites for FGF21 Signaling in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e552-e561. [PMID: 37776319 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 acts as a metabolic regulator and its therapeutic use is under investigation. FGF21 signaling requires binding to surface receptors, FGFR1c and β-klotho. FGF21 resistance is observed in metabolic diseases and FGF21 signaling is regulated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Metformin is reported to influence expression and secretion of FGF21 in preclinical models, but the effect of metformin on FGF21 in a clinical trial remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate how 12 weeks of treatment with metformin affects the FGF21 signaling pathway in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with T2D (n = 24) receiving either metformin (1000 mg twice daily) or placebo. A control group of body mass index- and age-matched healthy individuals (n = 12) received a similar dose of metformin. Blood samples and muscle and fat biopsies were collected at study entry and after 12 weeks. METHODS Plasma levels of FGF21 (total and intact) and FAP (total and activity) were measured. Muscle and fat biopsies were analyzed for mRNA and protein expression of targets relevant for activation of the FGF21 signaling pathway. RESULTS Circulating FAP activity decreased after metformin treatment compared with placebo (P = .006), whereas FGF21 levels were unchanged. Metformin treatment increased gene and protein expression of β-klotho, FGFR1c, and pFGFR1c in adipose tissue. FGF21 mRNA expression increased in muscle tissue after metformin and the FGF21 protein, but not mRNA levels, were observed in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that metformin suppresses the circulating FAP activity and upregulates the expression of FGFR1c and β-klotho for increased FGF21 signaling in adipose tissue, thus improving peripheral FGF21 sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine Nissen Pedersen
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Zhao Z, Cui X, Liao Z. Mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 in cardiac remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202730. [PMID: 37416922 PMCID: PMC10322220 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a basic pathological process that enables the progression of multiple cardiac diseases to heart failure. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is considered a regulator in maintaining energy homeostasis and shows a positive role in preventing damage caused by cardiac diseases. This review mainly summarizes the effects and related mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor 21 on pathological processes associated with cardiac remodeling, based on a variety of cells of myocardial tissue. The possibility of Fibroblast growth factor 21 as a promising treatment for the cardiac remodeling process will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuemei Cui
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangping Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wang Z, Wang J, Lan T, Zhang L, Yan Z, Zhang N, Xu Y, Tao Q. Role and mechanism of fibroblast-activated protein-α expression on the surface of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135384. [PMID: 37006278 PMCID: PMC10064071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast-activated protein-α (FAP) is a type II integrated serine protease expressed by activated fibroblasts during fibrosis or inflammation. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial sites abundantly and stably overexpress FAP and play important roles in regulating the cellular immune, inflammatory, invasion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis responses in the synovial region. Overexpression of FAP is regulated by the initial inflammatory microenvironment of the disease and epigenetic signaling, which promotes RA development by regulating FLSs or affecting the signaling cross-linking FLSs with other cells at the local synovium and inflammatory stimulation. At present, several treatment options targeting FAP are in the process of development. This review discusses the basic features of FAP expressed on the surface of FLSs and its role in RA pathophysiology and advances in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyi Lan
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liubo Zhang
- Graduate school, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Yan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
| | - Qingwen Tao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Xu, ; Qingwen Tao,
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Pedersen AKN, Hage C, Jessen N, Mellbin L, Bjerre M. Sitagliptin reduces FAP-activity and increases intact FGF21 levels in patients with newly detected glucose abnormalities. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111738. [PMID: 35926756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone with pleiotropic metabolic effects, is inactivated by fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family. We investigate if sitagliptin (DPP-IV inhibitor) inhibits FAP-activity and increases intact FGF21. METHODS Patients with impaired glucose metabolism were randomized to 100 mg sitagliptin (n = 34) or placebo (n = 37) treatment for 12 weeks. Plasma samples obtained at study entry and at 12-weeks were analysed for FAP-activity, FAP, total FGF21 and intact FGF21. RESULTS Sitagliptin significantly inhibited FAP-activity (497 ± 553 vs. 48 ± 712 RFU/min, p < 0.01) and correspondingly increased intact FGF21 (253 ± 182 vs 141 ± 80 ng/L, p < 0.01) compared to placebo in plasma. Sitagliptin dose-dependently inhibited the FAP-activity in vitro. Intact FGF21 was higher in patients obtaining a normal glucose tolerance regardless of treatment (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION A sitagliptin-induced increase of intact FGF21 may contribute to an improved metabolic effect in patients with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K N Pedersen
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Jessen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Linda Mellbin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mette Bjerre
- Medical/Steno Aarhus Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lyu Z, Han W, Zhao H, Jiao Y, Xu P, Wang Y, Shen Q, Yang S, Zhao C, Tian L, Fu P. A clinical study on relationship between visualization of cardiac fibroblast activation protein activity by Al18F-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography and cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:921724. [PMID: 36072860 PMCID: PMC9441604 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.921724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective FAP plays a vital role in myocardial injury and fibrosis. Although initially used to study imaging of primary and metastatic tumors, the use of FAPI tracers has recently been studied in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction. The study aimed to investigate the application of FAPI PET/CT imaging in human myocardial fibrosis and its relationship with clinical factors. Materials and methods Retrospective analysis of FAPI PET/CT scans of twenty-one oncological patients from 05/2021 to 03/2022 with visual uptake of FAPI in the myocardium were applying the American Heart Association 17-segment model of the left ventricle. The patients’ general data, echocardiography, and laboratory examination results were collected, and the correlation between PET imaging data and the above data was analyzed. Linear regression models, Kendall’s TaU-B test, the Spearman test, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used for the statistical analysis. Results 21 patients (60.1 ± 9.4 years; 17 men) were evaluated with an overall mean LVEF of 59.3 ± 5.4%. The calcific plaque burden of LAD, LCX, and RCA are 14 (66.7%), 12 (57.1%), and 9 (42.9%). High left ventricular SUVmax correlated with BMI (P < 0.05) and blood glucose level (P < 0.05), and TBR correlated with age (P < 0.05). A strong correlation was demonstrated between SUVmean and CTnImax (r = 0.711, P < 0.01). Negative correlation of SUVmean and LVEF (r = −0.61, P < 0.01), SUVmax and LVEF (r = −0.65, P < 0.01) were found. ROC curve for predicting calcified plaques by myocardial FAPI uptake (SUVmean) in LAD, LCX, and RCA territory showed AUCs were 0.786, 0.759, and 0.769. Conclusion FAPI PET/CT scans might be used as a new potential method to evaluate cardiac fibrosis to help patients’ management further. FAPI PET imaging can reflect the process of myocardial fibrosis. High FAPI uptakes correlate with cardiovascular risk factors and the distribution of coronary plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Lyu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyue Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuying Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuyi Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiu Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Lin Tian,
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Fu,
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. New developments in the biology of fibroblast growth factors. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1549. [PMID: 35142107 PMCID: PMC10115509 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of 18 secreted signaling proteins consisting of canonical FGFs and endocrine FGFs that activate four receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFRs 1-4) and four intracellular proteins (intracellular FGFs or iFGFs) that primarily function to regulate the activity of voltage-gated sodium channels and other molecules. The canonical FGFs, endocrine FGFs, and iFGFs have been reviewed extensively by us and others. In this review, we briefly summarize past reviews and then focus on new developments in the FGF field since our last review in 2015. Some of the highlights in the past 6 years include the use of optogenetic tools, viral vectors, and inducible transgenes to experimentally modulate FGF signaling, the clinical use of small molecule FGFR inhibitors, an expanded understanding of endocrine FGF signaling, functions for FGF signaling in stem cell pluripotency and differentiation, roles for FGF signaling in tissue homeostasis and regeneration, a continuing elaboration of mechanisms of FGF signaling in development, and an expanding appreciation of roles for FGF signaling in neuropsychiatric diseases. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Congenital Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Cancer > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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She QY, Bao JF, Wang HZ, Liang H, Huang W, Wu J, Zhong Y, Ling H, Li A, Qin SL. Fibroblast growth factor 21: A "rheostat" for metabolic regulation? Metabolism 2022; 130:155166. [PMID: 35183545 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 is an evolutionarily conserved factor that plays multiple important roles in metabolic homeostasis. During the past two decades, extensive investigations have improved our understanding of its delicate metabolic roles and identified its pharmacological potential to mitigate metabolic disorders. However, most clinical trials have failed to obtain the desired results, which raises issues regarding its clinical value. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is dynamically regulated by nutrients derived from food intake and hepatic/adipose release, which in turn act on the central nervous system, liver, and adipose tissues to influence food preference, hepatic glucose, and adipose fatty acid output. Based on this information, we propose that fibroblast growth factor 21 should not be considered merely an anti-hyperglycemia or anti-obesity factor, but rather a means of balancing of nutrient fluctuations to maintain an appropriate energy supply. Hence, the specific functions of fibroblast growth factor 21 in glycometabolism and lipometabolism depend on specific metabolic states, indicating that its pharmacological effects require further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ying She
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China; Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Jing-Fu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huixin Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Yiwen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Hanxin Ling
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China
| | - Aiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Shu-Lan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510999, China.
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Friend or foe for obesity: how hepatokines remodel adipose tissues and translational perspective. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shafie A, Khan S, Zehra, Mohammad T, Anjum F, Hasan GM, Yadav DK, Hassan MI. Identification of Phytoconstituents as Potent Inhibitors of Casein Kinase-1 Alpha Using Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2157. [PMID: 34959438 PMCID: PMC8707374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase-1 alpha (CK1α) is a multifunctional protein kinase that belongs to the serine/threonine kinases of the CK1α family. It is involved in various signaling pathways associated with chromosome segregation, cell metabolism, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, autophagy, etc. It has been known to involve in the progression of many diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, obesity, and behavioral disorders. The elevated expression of CK1α in diseased conditions facilitates its selective targeting for therapeutic management. Here, we have performed virtual screening of phytoconstituents from the IMPPAT database seeking potential inhibitors of CK1α. First, a cluster of compounds was retrieved based on physicochemical parameters following Lipinski's rules and PAINS filter. Further, high-affinity hits against CK1α were obtained based on their binding affinity score. Furthermore, the ADMET, PAINS, and PASS evaluation was carried out to select more potent hits. Finally, following the interaction analysis, we elucidated three phytoconstituents, Semiglabrinol, Curcusone_A, and Liriodenine, posturing considerable affinity and specificity towards the CK1α binding pocket. The result was further evaluated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, dynamical cross-correlation matrix (DCCM), and principal components analysis (PCA), which revealed that binding of the selected compounds, especially Semiglabrinol, stabilizes CK1α and leads to fewer conformational fluctuations. The MM-PBSA analysis suggested an appreciable binding affinity of all three compounds toward CK1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Shama Khan
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
| | - Zehra
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City 21924, Korea
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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13
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Tafelmeyer P, Golshayan D. Regulation of Fibroblast Activation Protein-α Expression: Focus on Intracellular Protein Interactions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14028-14045. [PMID: 34523930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prolyl-specific peptidase fibroblast activation protein-α (FAP-α) is expressed at very low or undetectable levels in nondiseased human tissues but is selectively induced in activated (myo)fibroblasts at sites of tissue remodeling in fibrogenic processes. In normal regenerative processes involving transient fibrosis FAP-α+(myo)fibroblasts disappear from injured tissues, replaced by cells with a normal FAP-α- phenotype. In chronic uncontrolled pathological fibrosis FAP-α+(myo)fibroblasts permanently replace normal tissues. The mechanisms of regulation and elimination of FAP-α expression in(myo)fibroblasts are unknown. According to a yeast two-hybrid screen and protein databanks search, we propose that the intracellular (co)-chaperone BAG6/BAT3 can interact with FAP-α, mediated by the BAG6/BAT3 Pro-rich domain, inducing proteosomal degradation of FAP-α protein under tissue homeostasis. In this Perspective, we discuss our findings in the context of current knowledge on the regulation of FAP-α expression and comment potential therapeutic strategies for uncontrolled fibrosis, including small molecule degraders (PROTACs)-modified FAP-α targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Institute of Pathology, CHUV and UNIL, CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Tafelmeyer
- Hybrigenics Services, Laboratories and Headquarters-Paris, 1 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France.,Hybrigenics Corporation, Cambridge Innovation Center, 50 Milk Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Mitochondrial Lipid Homeostasis at the Crossroads of Liver and Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136949. [PMID: 34203309 PMCID: PMC8268967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is a rapidly increasing problem, affecting a huge population around the globe. However, CVDs (cardiovascular diseases) are the most common cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by plasma hypertriglyceridemia, increased small dense LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles, and decreased HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels, is often observed in NAFLD patients. In this review, we summarize recent genetic evidence, proving the diverse nature of metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis. Analysis of available genetic data suggests that the altered operation of fatty-acid β-oxidation in liver mitochondria is the key process, connecting NAFLD-mediated dyslipidemia and elevated CVD risk. In addition, we discuss several NAFLD-associated genes with documented anti-atherosclerotic or cardioprotective effects, and current pharmaceutical strategies focused on both NAFLD treatment and reduction of CVD risk.
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15
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Huang JC, Emran AA, Endaya JM, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD, Zhang HE. DPP9: Comprehensive In Silico Analyses of Loss of Function Gene Variants and Associated Gene Expression Signatures in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1637. [PMID: 33915844 PMCID: PMC8037973 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 9, DPP8, DPP4 and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are the four enzymatically active members of the S9b protease family. Associations of DPP9 with human liver cancer, exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DPP9 and loss of function (LoF) variants have not been explored. Human genomic databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), were interrogated to identify DPP9 LoF variants and associated cancers. Survival and gene signature analyses were performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) data. We found that DPP9 and DPP8 are intolerant to LoF variants. DPP9 exonic LoF variants were most often associated with uterine carcinoma and lung carcinoma. All four DPP4-like genes were overexpressed in liver tumors and their joint high expression was associated with poor survival in HCC. Increased DPP9 expression was associated with obesity in HCC patients. High expression of genes that positively correlated with overexpression of DPP4, DPP8, and DPP9 were associated with very poor survival in HCC. Enriched pathways analysis of these positively correlated genes featured Toll-like receptor and SUMOylation pathways. This comprehensive data mining suggests that DPP9 is important for survival and that the DPP4 protease family, particularly DPP9, is important in the pathogenesis of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Carrie Huang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Justine Moreno Endaya
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Geoffrey W. McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
- AW Morrow GE & Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mark D. Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.C.H.); (A.A.E.); (J.M.E.); (G.W.M.)
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16
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Xi CR, Di Fazio A, Nadvi NA, Xiang MSW, Zhang HE, Deshpande C, Chen Y, Tabar MS, Wang XM, Bailey CG, McCaughan GW, Church WB, Gorrell MD. An improved production and purification protocol for recombinant soluble human fibroblast activation protein alpha. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 181:105833. [PMID: 33524496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is a cell-surface expressed type II glycoprotein that has a unique proteolytic activity. FAP has active soluble forms that retain the extracellular portion but lack the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. FAP expression is normally very low in adult tissue but is highly expressed by activated fibroblasts in sites of tissue remodelling. Thus, FAP is a potential biomarker and pharmacological target in liver fibrosis, atherosclerosis, cardiac fibrosis, arthritis and cancer. Understanding the biological significance of FAP by investigating protein structure, interactions and activities requires reliable methods for the production and purification of abundant pure and stable protein. We describe an improved production and purification protocol for His6-tagged recombinant soluble human FAP. A modified baculovirus expression construct was generated using the pFastBac1 vector and the gp67 secretion signal to produce abundant active soluble recombinant human FAP (residues 27-760) in insect cells. The FAP purification protocol employed ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, immobilised metal affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration. High purity was achieved, as judged by gel electrophoresis and specific activity. The purified 82 kDa FAP protein was specifically inhibited by a FAP selective inhibitor, ARI-3099, and was inhibited by zinc with an IC50 of 25 μM. Our approach could be adopted for producing the soluble portions of other type II transmembrane glycoproteins to study their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecy R Xi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Arianna Di Fazio
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Nadvi
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; Research Portfolio Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Michelle Sui Wen Xiang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Hui Emma Zhang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chandrika Deshpande
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, UK; Drug Discovery, Sydney Analytical, Core Research Facilities, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mehdi Sharifi Tabar
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Xin Maggie Wang
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; AW Morrow GE & Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2050, Australia
| | - W Bret Church
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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