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Willot Q, du Toit A, de Wet S, Huisamen EJ, Loos B, Terblanche JS. Exploring the connection between autophagy and heat-stress tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231305. [PMID: 37700658 PMCID: PMC10498041 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms aimed at recovering from heat-induced damages are closely associated with the ability of ectotherms to survive exposure to stressful temperatures. Autophagy, a ubiquitous stress-responsive catabolic process, has recently gained renewed attention as one of these mechanisms. By increasing the turnover of cellular structures as well as the clearance of long-lived protein and protein aggregates, the induction of autophagy has been linked to increased tolerance to a range of abiotic stressors in diverse ectothermic organisms. However, whether a link between autophagy and heat-tolerance exists in insect models remains unclear despite broad ecophysiological implications thereof. Here, we explored the putative association between autophagy and heat-tolerance using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. We hypothesized that (i) heat-stress would cause an increase of autophagy in flies' tissues, and (ii) rapamycin exposure would trigger a detectable autophagic response in adults and increase their heat-tolerance. In line with our hypothesis, we report that flies exposed to heat-stress present signs of protein aggregation and appear to trigger an autophagy-related homoeostatic response as a result. We further show that rapamycin feeding causes the systemic effect associated with target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, induces autophagy locally in the fly gut, and increases the heat-stress tolerance of individuals. These results argue in favour of a substantial contribution of autophagy to the heat-stress tolerance mechanisms of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Willot
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Andre du Toit
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Sholto de Wet
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth J. Huisamen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Ben Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - John S. Terblanche
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Babczyńska A, Górka M, Lis A, Tarnawska M, Łozowski B, Brożek J, Rozpędek K, Augustyniak M, Skowronek M, Kafel A. Joint cadmium and polypropylene microparticle action in cadmium tolerant model insect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 101:104209. [PMID: 37399851 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic enlisted as a contaminant of emerging concerns in polluted environments interact with "traditional" contaminants such as metals, causing, among others, their increased accumulation in the body. Harmful effects depend on the exposed animals' possible preadaptation and/or cross-tolerance. The project aimed to assess the role of this phenomenon in the limited toxicity of polypropylene fibers (PPf) in 0%, 0.02%, 0.06, 0.18%, 0.54%, and 1.6% of Cd-supplemented food of larvae of Spodoptera exigua multigenerationally selected to cadmium tolerance. The activity of 20 digestive enzymes (API-ZYM test), defensins, and heat shock proteins, HSP70 levels in the exposed groups were used as biomarkers. PPfs caused the increase of Cd accumulation in the body, while intake of polypropylene microfibers did not change the biomarker levels. Moreover, multigenerational Cd pre-exposure, due to increased tolerance of Cd and, possibly, cross-tolerance, prepares the insects for an additional stressor (PPf) alone and in interaction with cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mikołaj Górka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Lis
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartosz Łozowski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Brożek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozpędek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Kafel
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Zhao Y, Chen J, Wang R, Pu X, Wang D. A review of transgenerational and multigenerational toxicology in the in vivo model animal Caenorhabditis elegans. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:122-145. [PMID: 35754092 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large number of pollutants existing in the environment can last for a long time, and their potential toxic effects can transfer from parents to their offspring. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity of environmental pollutants across multigenerations and the underlying mechanisms in organisms. Due to its short life cycle and sensitivity to environmental exposures, Caenorhabditis elegans is an important animal model for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants across multigenerations. In this review, we introduced the transgenerational and multigenerational toxicity caused by various environmental pollutants in C. elegans. Moreover, we discussed the underlying mechanisms for the observed transgenerational and multigenerational toxicity of environmental contaminants in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jingya Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Dou T, Chen J, Wang R, Pu X, Wu H, Zhao Y. Complementary protective effects of autophagy and oxidative response against graphene oxide toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114289. [PMID: 36379072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) exposure may cause damage to C. elegans. However, the role of autophagy and its interactive effect with oxidative response in GO toxicity still remain largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of autophagy against GO and its association with oxidative response using C. elegans as an in vivo system. Results indicated that GO exposure induced autophagy in a dose dependent manner in C. elegans. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and silencing autophagy genes lgg-1, bec-1 and unc-51 exacerbated the toxicity of GO whereas autophagy activator rapamycin alleviated it. In addition, the antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) effectively suppressed the toxicity of GO with increased resistance to oxidative stress. Worms with RNAi-induced antioxidative genes sod-1, sod-2, sod-3 and sod-4 knockdown were more sensitive to GO. 3-MA increased the expression of superoxide dismutase SOD-3 under GO exposure conditions and exacerbated the toxicity of GO under the anti-oxidation inaction condition by sod-3 RNAi. In contrast, NAC reduced autophagy levels in GO exposed nematodes and increased tolerance to GO in autophagy-defective worms. These results suggested that autophagy and antioxidative response provide complementary protection against GO in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dou
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Chen
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhang Wu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunli Zhao
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Augustyniak M, Babczyńska A, Dziewięcka M, Flasz B, Karpeta-Kaczmarek J, Kędziorski A, Mazur B, Rozpędek K, Seyed Alian R, Skowronek M, Świerczek E, Świętek A, Tarnawska M, Wiśniewska K, Ziętara P. Does age pay off? Effects of three-generational experiments of nanodiamond exposure and withdrawal in wild and longevity-selected model animals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135129. [PMID: 35636606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are considered a material with low toxicity. However, no studies describe the effects of ND withdrawal after multigenerational exposure. The aim was to evaluate ND exposure (in the 1st and 2nd generations) effects at low concentrations (0.2 or 2 mg kg-1) and withdrawal (in the 3rd generation) in the wild (H) and longevity-selected (D) model insect Acheta domesticus. We measured selected oxidative stress parameters, immunity, types of cell death, and DNA damage. Most of the results obtained in the 1st generation, e.g., catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), defensins, or apoptosis level, confirmed no significant toxicity of low doses of NDs. Interestingly, strain-specific differences were observed. D-strain crickets reduced autophagy, the number of ROS+ cells, and DNA damage. The effect can be a symptom of mobilization of the organism and stimulation of physiological defense mechanisms in long-living organisms. The 2nd-generation D-strain insects fed ND-spiked food at higher concentrations manifested a reduction in CAT, TAC, early apoptosis, and DNA damage, together with an increase in HSP70 and defensins. ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential and autophagy did not differ significantly from the control. H-strain insects revealed a higher number of ROS+ cells and cells with reduced membrane potential, decreased CAT activity, and early apoptosis. Elimination of NDs from the diet in the 3rd generation did not cause full recovery of the measured parameters. We noticed an increase in the concentration of HSP70 and defensins (H-strain) and a decrease in apoptosis (D-strain). However, the most visible increase was a significant increase in DNA damage, especially in H-strain individuals. The results suggest prolonged adverse effects of NDs on cellular functions, reaching beyond "contact time" with these particles. Unintentional and/or uncontrolled ND pollution of the environment poses a new challenge for all organisms inhabiting it, particularly during multigenerational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Augustyniak
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Dziewięcka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Flasz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Karpeta-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kędziorski
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Mazur
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rozpędek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Reyhaneh Seyed Alian
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Świerczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Tarnawska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Wiśniewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ziętara
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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