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Guan L, Wu S, Zhu Q, He X, Li X, Song G, Zhang L, Yin X. GPC3-targeted CAR-M cells exhibit potent antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101741. [PMID: 38881757 PMCID: PMC11176667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified macrophages are a promising treatment for solid tumor. So far the potential effects of CAR-M cell therapy have rarely been investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a biomarker for a variety of malignancies, including liver cancer, which is not expressed in most adult tissues. Thus, it is an ideal target for the treatment of HCC. In this study, we engineered mouse macrophage cells with CAR targeting GPC3 and explored its therapeutic potential in HCC. First, we generated a chimeric adenoviral vector (Ad5f35) delivering an anti-GPC3 CAR, Ad5f35-anti-GPC3-CAR, which using the CAR construct containing the scFv targeting GPC3 and CD3ζ intracellular domain. Phagocytosis and killing effect indicated that macrophages transduced with Ad5f35-anti-GPC3-CAR (GPC3 CAR-Ms) exhibited antigen-specific phagocytosis and tumor cell clearance in vitro, and GPC3 CAR-Ms showed significant tumor-killing effects and promoted expression of pro-inflammatory (M1) cytokines and chemokines. In 3D NACs-origami spheroid model of HCC, CAR-Ms were further demonstrated to have a significant tumor killing effect. Together, our study provides a new strategy for the treatment of HCC through CAR-M cells targeting GPC3, which provides a basis for the research and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guan
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Qinyao Zhu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xiaofang He
- PuHeng Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xuelong Li
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Guangqi Song
- PuHeng Biotechnology (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Research Center of Bioengineering, The Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
- Suzhou RocRock No.1 Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
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2
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Ding C, Huang H, Wu D, Chen C, Hua Y, Liu J, Li Y, Liu H, Chen J. Pan-cancer analysis predict that FAT1 is a therapeutic target and immunotherapy biomarker for multiple cancer types including non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369073. [PMID: 38855103 PMCID: PMC11157030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
FAT1, a substantial transmembrane protein, plays a pivotal role in cellular adhesion and cell signaling. Numerous studies have documented frequent alterations in FAT1 across various cancer types, with its aberrant expression being linked to unfavorable survival rates and tumor progression. In the present investigation, we employed bioinformatic analyses, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments to elucidate the functional significance of FAT1 in pan-cancer, with a primary focus on lung cancer. Our findings unveiled FAT1 overexpression in diverse cancer types, including lung cancer, concomitant with its association with an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, FAT1 is intricately involved in immune-related pathways and demonstrates a strong correlation with the expression of immune checkpoint genes. The suppression of FAT1 in lung cancer cells results in reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These collective findings suggest that FAT1 has potential utility both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ding
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Hua
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghao Liu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongwen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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3
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Chen C, Li Y, Liu H, Liao M, Yang J, Liu J. FAT1 upregulation is correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and predicts unfavorable outcome of immune checkpoint therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28356. [PMID: 38560204 PMCID: PMC10979093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies found that FAT1 was recurrently mutated and aberrantly expressed in multiple cancers, and the loss function of FAT1 promoted the formation of cancer-initiating cells in several cancers. However, in some types of cancer, FAT1 upregulation could lead to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role of FAT1 in cancer progression, which appears to be cancer-type-specific, is largely unknown. Methods QRT-PCR and immunochemistry were used to verify the expression of FAT1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). QRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the influence of siFAT1 knockdown on the expression of potential targets of FAT1 in NSCLC cell lines. GEPIA, KM-plotter, CAMOIP, and ROC-Plotter were used to evaluate the association between FAT1 and clinical outcomes based on expression and clinical data from TCGA and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treated cohorts. Results We found that FAT1 upregulation was associated with the activation of TGF-β and EMT signaling pathways in NSCLC. Patients with a high FAT1 expression level tend to have a poor prognosis and hard to benefit from ICI therapy. Genes involved in TGF-β/EMT signaling pathways (SERPINE1, TGFB1/2, and POSTN) were downregulated upon knockdown of FAT1. Genomic and immunologic analysis showed that high cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) abundance, decreased CD8+ T cells infiltration, and low TMB/TNB were correlated with the upregulation of FAT1, thus promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which influence the effect of ICI-therapy. Conclusion Our findings revealed the pattern of FAT1 upregulation in the TME of patients with NSCLC, and demonstrated its utility as a biomarker for unfavorable clinical outcomes, thereby providing a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yanling Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Mengying Liao
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jianyi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
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Malik N, Kundu A, Gupta Y, Irshad K, Arora M, Goswami S, Mahajan S, Sarkar C, Suri V, Suri A, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. Protumorigenic role of the atypical cadherin FAT1 by the suppression of PDCD10 via RelA/miR221-3p/222-3p axis in glioblastoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1817-1831. [PMID: 37606187 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The atypical cadherin FAT1 function either as a pro or antitumorigenic in tumors of different tissue origins. Our group previously demonstrated the protumorigenic nature of FAT1 signaling in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated how FAT1 influences the expression of clustered oncomiRs (miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p) and their downstream effects in GBM. Through several experiments involving the measurement of specific gene/microRNA expression, gene knockdowns, protein and cellular assays, we have demonstrated a novel oncogenic signaling pathway mediated by FAT1 in glioma. These results have been verified using antimiRs and miR-mimic assays. Initially, in glioma-derived cell lines (U87MG and LN229), we observed FAT1 as a novel up-regulator of the transcription factor NFκB-RelA. RelA then promotes the expression of the clustered-oncomiRs, miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p, which in turn suppresses the expression of the tumor suppressor gene (TSG), PDCD10 (Programmed cell death protein10). The suppression of PDCD10, and other known TSG targets (PTEN/PUMA), by miR-221-3p/miR-222-3p, leads to increased clonogenicity, migration, and invasion of glioma cells. Consistent with our in-vitro findings, we observed a positive expression correlation of FAT1 and miR-221-3p, and an inverse correlation of FAT1 and the miR-targets (PDCD10/PTEN/PUMA), in GBM tissue-samples. These findings were also supported by publicly available GBM databases (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] and The Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data [Rembrandt]). Patients with tumors displaying high levels of FAT1 and miR-221-3p expression (50% and 65% respectively) experienced shorter overall survival. Similar results were observed in the TCGA-GBM database. Thus, our findings show a novel FAT1/RelA/miR-221/miR-222 oncogenic-effector pathway that downregulates the TSG, PDCD10, in GBM, which could be targeted therapeutically in a specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargis Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archismita Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yakhlesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manvi Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahajan
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neuropathology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Riascos-Bernal DF, Ressa G, Korrapati A, Sibinga NES. The FAT1 Cadherin Drives Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. Cells 2023; 12:1621. [PMID: 37371091 PMCID: PMC10297709 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are normally quiescent and non-migratory, regulating the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels to control the vascular tone. In response to arterial injury, these cells become active; they proliferate, secrete matrix proteins, and migrate, and thereby contribute importantly to the progression of several cardiovascular diseases. VSMC migration specifically supports atherosclerosis, restenosis after catheter-based intervention, transplant vasculopathy, and vascular remodeling during the formation of aneurysms. The atypical cadherin FAT1 is expressed robustly in activated VSMCs and promotes their migration. A positive role of FAT1 in the migration of other cell types, including neurons, fibroblasts, podocytes, and astrocyte progenitors, has also been described. In cancer biology, however, the effect of FAT1 on migration depends on the cancer type or context, as FAT1 either suppresses or enhances cancer cell migration and invasion. With this review, we describe what is known about FAT1's effects on cell migration as well as the factors that influence FAT1-dependent migration. In VSMCs, these factors include angiotensin II, which activates FAT1 expression and cell migration, and proteins of the Atrophin family: Atrophin-1 and the short isoform of Atrophin-2, which promote VSMC migration, and the long isoform of Atrophin-2, which exerts negative effects on FAT1-dependent VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F. Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gaia Ressa
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Anish Korrapati
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Nicholas E. S. Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; (G.R.); (A.K.)
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Chen CC, Liao RY, Yeh FY, Lin YR, Wu TY, Pastor AE, Zul DD, Hsu YC, Wu KY, Liu KF, Kannagi R, Chen JY, Cai BH. A Simple and Affordable Method to Create Nonsense Mutation Clones of p53 for Studying the Premature Termination Codon Readthrough Activity of PTC124. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051310. [PMID: 37238980 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: A premature termination codon (PTC) can be induced by a type of point mutation known as a nonsense mutation, which occurs within the coding region. Approximately 3.8% of human cancer patients have nonsense mutations of p53. However, the non-aminoglycoside drug PTC124 has shown potential to promote PTC readthrough and rescue full-length proteins. The COSMIC database contains 201 types of p53 nonsense mutations in cancers. We built a simple and affordable method to create different nonsense mutation clones of p53 for the study of the PTC readthrough activity of PTC124. (2) Methods: A modified inverse PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis method was used to clone the four nonsense mutations of p53, including W91X, S94X, R306X, and R342X. Each clone was transfected into p53 null H1299 cells and then treated with 50 μM of PTC124. (3) Results: PTC124 induced p53 re-expression in H1299-R306X and H1299-R342X clones but not in H1299-W91X and H1299-S94X clones. (4) Conclusions: Our data showed that PTC124 more effectively rescued the C-terminal of p53 nonsense mutations than the N-terminal of p53 nonsense mutations. We introduced a fast and low-cost site-directed mutagenesis method to clone the different nonsense mutations of p53 for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chen
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Yeh
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Rou Lin
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Tze-You Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Alexa Escobar Pastor
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Danny Danilo Zul
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yo Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Fang Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan
| | - Bi-He Cai
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
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Huang ZL, Zhang PB, Zhang JT, Li F, Li TT, Huang XY. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Identifies FAT1 as a Negative Regulator of EMT, CTCs, and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:369-382. [PMID: 36915393 PMCID: PMC10007982 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s398573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, which regulates cell adherence, proliferation, motility, and actin kinetics. FAT1 gene expression is closely related to hepatocarcinogenesis; however, the function and mechanism of FAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Methods Here, we screened for the FAT1, which is intimately linked to the development and progression of HCC, both in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor tissues using next generation sequencing (NGS). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect FAT1 protein expression. To determine the impact of FAT1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion of HCC, an in vitro transwell assay and Western blot were performed. Moreover, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was carried out to discover the underlying mechanism. Finally, animal experiments were conducted to confirm the effects of FAT1 on HCC metastasis and tumorigenicity. Results Our results showed that FAT1 expression was decreased in HCC tissues, while in vitro and in vivo, the FAT1 knockdown facilitated invasion, cell motility, colony formation, and proliferation. FAT1 knockdown also resulted in decreased expression of E-cadherin and markedly elevated expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail. We also confirmed our hypothesis from the analysis of group differences in the CTC phenotype and lung metastasis in nude mice. Conclusion Our findings illustrated that FAT1 played a negative regulatory role in the HCC EMT and metastasis, providing further evidence for the role played by FAT1 in the formation and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Bao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Materials of Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kasiah J, McNeill H. Fat and Dachsous cadherins in mammalian development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:223-244. [PMID: 37100519 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth and patterning are critical for tissue development. Here we discuss the evolutionarily conserved cadherins, Fat and Dachsous, and the roles they play during mammalian tissue development and disease. In Drosophila, Fat and Dachsous regulate tissue growth via the Hippo pathway and planar cell polarity (PCP). The Drosophila wing has been an ideal tissue to observe how mutations in these cadherins affect tissue development. In mammals, there are multiple Fat and Dachsous cadherins, which are expressed in many tissues, but mutations in these cadherins that affect growth and tissue organization are context dependent. Here we examine how mutations in the Fat and Dachsous mammalian genes affect development in mammals and contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennysue Kasiah
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Helen McNeill
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Wu MH, Lu RY, Yu SJ, Tsai YZ, Lin YC, Bai ZY, Liao RY, Hsu YC, Chen CC, Cai BH. PTC124 Rescues Nonsense Mutation of Two Tumor Suppressor Genes NOTCH1 and FAT1 to Repress HNSCC Cell Proliferation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112948. [PMID: 36428516 PMCID: PMC9687978 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: PTC124 (Ataluren) is an investigational drug for the treatment of nonsense mutation-mediated genetic diseases. With the exception of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, there has been little research on cancers with nonsense mutation. By conducting a database search, we found that another two tumor suppressor genes, NOTCH1 and FAT1, have a high nonsense mutation rate in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PTC124 may re-express the functional NOTCH1 or FAT1 in nonsense mutation NOTCH1 or FAT1 in HSNCC (2) Methods: DOK (with NOTCH1 Y550X) or HO-1-u-1 (with FAT1 E378X) HNSCC cells were treated with PTC124, and the NOTCH1 or FAT1 expression, cell viability, and NOTCH1- or FAT1-related downstream gene profiles were assayed. (3) Results: PTC124 was able to induce NOTCH1 or FAT1 expression in DOK and HO-1-u-1 cells. PTC124 was able to upregulate NOTCH downstream genes HES5, AJUBA, and ADAM10 in DOK cells. PTC124 enhanced DDIT4, which is under the control of the FAT1-YAP1 pathway, in HO-1-u-1 cells. FLI-06 (a NOTCH signaling inhibitor) reversed PTC124-mediated cell growth inhibition in DOK cells. PTC124 could reverse TT-10 (a YAP signaling activator)-mediated HO-1-u-1 cell proliferation. (4) Conclusions: PTC124 can rescue nonsense mutation of NOTCH1 and FAT1 to repress HNSCC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Wu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Yu Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Si-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Yu Bai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (B.-H.C.)
| | - Chia-Chi Chen
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, No.1, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (B.-H.C.)
| | - Bi-He Cai
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village Yanchao District, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.); (B.-H.C.)
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10
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Karagiorgou Z, Fountas PN, Manou D, Knutsen E, Theocharis AD. Proteoglycans Determine the Dynamic Landscape of EMT and Cancer Cell Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5328. [PMID: 36358747 PMCID: PMC9653992 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are pivotal components of extracellular matrices, involved in a variety of processes such as migration, invasion, morphogenesis, differentiation, drug resistance, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cellular plasticity is a crucial intermediate phenotypic state acquired by cancer cells, which can modulate EMT and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). PGs affect cell plasticity, stemness, and EMT, altering the cellular shape and functions. PGs control these functions, either by direct activation of signaling cascades, acting as co-receptors, or through regulation of the availability of biological compounds such as growth factors and cytokines. Differential expression of microRNAs is also associated with the expression of PGs and their interplay is implicated in the fine tuning of cancer cell phenotype and potential. This review summarizes the involvement of PGs in the regulation of EMT and stemness of cancer cells and highlights the molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Karagiorgou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N. Fountas
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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11
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Zhu DH, Zhang YH, Ou-Yang XX, Meng XH, Cao QY, Yu XP, Lu J, Li LJ, Su KK. Expression, Prognostic Value, and Functional Mechanism of Polarity-Related Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12784. [PMID: 36361574 PMCID: PMC9655479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognoses around the world. Within-cell polarity is crucial to cell development and function maintenance, and some studies have found that it is closely related to cancer initiation, metastasis, and prognosis. The aim of our research was to find polarity-related biomarkers which improve the treatment and prognosis of HCC. For the knowledge-driven analysis, 189 polarity-related genes (PRGs) were retrieved and curated manually from the molecular signatures database and reviews. Meanwhile, in the data-driven part, genomic datasets and clinical records of HCC was obtained from the cancer genome atlas database. The potential candidates were considered in the respect to differential expression, mutation rate, and prognostic value. Sixty-one PRGs that passed the knowledge and data-driven screening were applied for function analysis and mechanism deduction. Elastic net model combing least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and ridge regression analysis refined the input into a 12-PRG risk model, and its pharmaceutical potency was evaluated. These findings demonstrated that the integration of multi-omics of PRGs can help us in untangling the liver cancer pathogenesis as well as illustrate the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Kun-Kai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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12
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Critical Investigation of the Usability of Hepatoma Cell Lines HepG2 and Huh7 as Models for the Metabolic Representation of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174227. [PMID: 36077764 PMCID: PMC9454736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are fundamental for the development of diagnostic screening and therapeutic intervention since energy metabolism plays a central role in differentiated hepatocytes. In HCC research, hepatoma cell lines (HCLs) like HepG2 and Huh7 cells are still the gold standard. In this study, we characterized the metabolic profiles of primary human hepatoma cells (PHCs), HCLs and primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) to determine their differentiation states. PHCs and PHHs (HCC-PHHs) were isolated from surgical specimens of HCC patients and their energy metabolism was compared to PHHs from non-HCC patients and the HepG2 and Huh7 cells at different levels (transcript, protein, function). Our analyses showed successful isolation of PHCs with a purity of 50–73% (CK18+). The transcript data revealed that changes in mRNA expression levels had already occurred in HCC-PHHs. While many genes were overexpressed in PHCs and HCC-PHHs, the changes were mostly not translated to the protein level. Downregulated metabolic key players of PHCs revealed a correlation with malign transformation and were predominantly pronounced in multilocular HCC. Therefore, HCLs failed to reflect these expression patterns of PHCs at the transcript and protein levels. The metabolic characteristics of PHCs are closer to those of HCC-PHHs than to HCLs. This should be taken into account for future optimized tumor metabolism research.
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13
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The diverse functions of FAT1 in cancer progression: good, bad, or ugly? J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:248. [PMID: 35965328 PMCID: PMC9377080 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) is among the most frequently mutated genes in many types of cancer. Its highest mutation rate is found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in which FAT1 is the second most frequently mutated gene. Thus, FAT1 has great potential to serve as a target or prognostic biomarker in cancer treatment. FAT1 encodes a member of the cadherin-like protein family. Under normal physiological conditions, FAT1 serves as a molecular "brake" on mitochondrial respiration and acts as a receptor for a signaling pathway regulating cell-cell contact interaction and planar cell polarity. In many cancers, loss of FAT1 function promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the formation of cancer initiation/stem-like cells. However, in some types of cancer, overexpression of FAT1 leads to EMT. The roles of FAT1 in cancer progression, which seems to be cancer-type specific, have not been clarified. To further study the function of FAT1 in cancers, this review summarizes recent relevant literature regarding this protein. In addition to phenotypic alterations due to FAT1 mutations, several signaling pathways and tumor immune systems known or proposed to be regulated by this protein are presented. The potential impact of detecting or targeting FAT1 mutations on cancer treatment is also prospectively discussed.
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14
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Mranda GM, Xiang ZP, Liu JJ, Wei T, Ding Y. Advances in prognostic and therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The hippo signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:937957. [PMID: 36033517 PMCID: PMC9411807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.937957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of the primary liver cancer cases are hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Worldwide, there is an increasing incidence of primary liver cancer cases due to multiple risk factors ranging from parasites and viruses to metabolic diseases and lifestyles. Often, patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, depriving them of surgical curability benefits. Moreover, the efficacy of the available chemotherapeutics is limited in advanced stages. Furthermore, tumor metastases and recurrence make primary liver cancer management exceptionally challenging. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms for the development and progression of primary liver cancer is critical in improving diagnostic, treatment, prognostication, and surveillance modalities. These mechanisms facilitate the discovery of specific targets that are critical for novel and more efficient treatments. Consequently, the Hippo signaling pathway executing a pivotal role in organogenesis, hemostasis, and regeneration of tissues, regulates liver cells proliferation, and apoptosis. Cell polarity or adhesion molecules and cellular metabolic status are some of the biological activators of the pathway. Thus, understanding the mechanisms exhibited by the Hippo pathway is critical to the development of novel targeted therapies. This study reviews the advances in identifying therapeutic targets and prognostic markers of the Hippo pathway for primary liver cancer in the past six years.
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15
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Critcher M, Huang ML. Excavating proteoglycan structure-function relationships: Modern approaches to capture the interactions of ancient biomolecules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C415-C422. [PMID: 35759439 PMCID: PMC9359657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00222.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are now well regarded as key facilitators of cell biology. While a majority of their interactions and functions are attributed to the decorating glycosaminoglycan chains, there is a growing appreciation for the roles of the proteoglycan core protein and for considering proteoglycans as replete protein-glycan conjugates. This appreciation, seeded by early work in proteoglycan biology, is now being advanced and exalted by modern approaches in chemical glycobiology. In this review, we discuss up-and-coming methods to unearth the fine-scale architecture of proteoglycans that modulate their functions and interactions. Crucial to these efforts is the production of chemically defined materials, including semi-synthetic proteoglycans and the in situ capture of interacting proteins. Together, the integration of chemical biology approaches promises to expedite the dissection of the structural heterogeneity of proteoglycans and deliver refined insight into their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Critcher
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mia L Huang
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA.,Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA
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16
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Irshad K, Srivastava C, Malik N, Arora M, Gupta Y, Goswami S, Sarkar C, Suri V, Mahajan S, Gupta DK, Suri A, Chattopadhyay P, Sinha S, Chosdol K. Upregulation of Atypical Cadherin FAT1 Promotes an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment via TGF-β. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813888. [PMID: 35720420 PMCID: PMC9205206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) by promoting protumorigenic inflammatory cytokine expression in tumor cells. However, tumors also have an immunosuppressive microenvironment maintained by mediators such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cytokines. Here, we have studied the role of FAT1 in tumor immune suppression. Our preliminary TIMER2.0 analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed an inverse correlation of FAT1 expression with infiltration of tumor-inhibiting immune cells (such as monocytes and T cells) and a positive correlation with tumor-promoting immune cells [such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)] in various cancers. We have analyzed the role of FAT1 in modulating the expression of TGF-β1/2 in resected human gliomas, primary glioma cultures, and other cancer cell lines (U87MG, HepG2, Panc-1, and HeLa). Positive correlations of gene expression of FAT1 and TGF-β1/2 were observed in various cancers in TCGA, Glioma Longitudinal Analysis Consortium (GLASS), and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. Positive expression correlations of FAT1 were also found with TGF-β1/2 and Serpine1 (downstream target) in fresh-frozen GBM samples using q-PCR. siRNA-mediated FAT1 knockdown in cancer cell lines and in primary cultures led to decreased TGF-β1/2 expression/secretion as assessed by q-PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. There was increased chemotaxis (transmigration) of THP-1 monocytes toward siFAT1-transfected tumor cell supernatant as a consequence of decreased TGF-β1/2 secretion. Reduced TGF-β1 expression was also observed in THP-1 cultured in conditioned media from FAT1-depleted glioma cells, thus contributing to immune suppression. In U87MG cells, decreased TGF-β1 upon FAT1 knockdown was mediated by miR-663a, a known modulator. FAT1 expression was also observed to correlate positively with the expression of surrogate markers of MDSCs [programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), PD-L2, and interleukin (IL)-10] in glioma tumors, suggesting a potential role of FAT1 in MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. Hence, our findings elaborate contributions of FAT1 to immune evasion, where FAT1 enables an immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM and other cancers via TGF-β1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitrangda Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nargis Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manvi Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yakhlesh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Mahajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Suri
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subrata Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Riascos-Bernal DF, Maira A, Sibinga NES. The Atypical Cadherin FAT1 Limits Mitochondrial Respiration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905717. [PMID: 35647082 PMCID: PMC9130956 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells contribute to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. The capacity of these cells to undergo phenotypic switching in mature arteries of the systemic circulation underlies their pathogenic role in atherosclerosis and restenosis, among other vascular diseases. Growth factors and cytokines, extracellular matrix components, regulation of gene expression, neuronal influences, and mechanical forces contribute to smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. Comparatively little is known about cell metabolism in this process. Studies of cancer and endothelial cell biology have highlighted the importance of cellular metabolic processes for phenotypic transitions that accompany tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the understanding of cell metabolism during smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation is incipient. Studies of the atypical cadherin FAT1, which is strongly upregulated in smooth muscle cells in response to arterial injury, suggest that it has important and distinctive functions in this context, mediating control of both smooth muscle cell mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Here we review the progress made in understanding how FAT1 affects the smooth muscle cell phenotype, highlighting the significance of FAT1 as a processed protein and unexpected regulator of mitochondrial respiration. These mechanisms suggest how a transmembrane protein may relay signals from the extracellular milieu to mitochondria to control metabolic activity during smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F Riascos-Bernal
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alishba Maira
- Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas E S Sibinga
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Developmental & Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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18
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Lan T, Ge Q, Zheng K, Huang L, Yan Y, Zheng L, Lu Y, Zheng D. FAT1 Upregulates in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle and DNA Repair. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870055. [PMID: 35646625 PMCID: PMC9130556 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have revealed that FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) plays a tumor-suppressive or oncogenic role in a context-dependent manner in various cancers. However, the functions of FAT1 are ambiguous in tumorigenesis owing to inconsistent research in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed at gaining an insight into the role of FAT1 in the tumor genesis and development. Methods The expression, mutant, and survival data analyses were done using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) database, verified with clinical samples via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. OSCC cells transfected with siRNA were employed for in vitro assessment in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability in appropriate ways. The underlying mechanism was explored by RNA sequencing after FAT1 silencing. Results Overall, FAT1 significantly increased in OSCC with a poor prognosis outcome. The in vitro experiment showed the promoting effect of FAT1 in the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. FAT1 can also inhibit both the early and late apoptosis of OSCC cells. RNA-sequencing analysis of FAT1 silencing revealed that the cell cycle, DNA replication, and some core genes (MCM2, MCM5, CCNE1 SPC24, MYBL2, KIF2C) may be the potential mechanism in OSCC. Conclusions FAT1 may act as an oncogene in OSCC with potential mechanism influencing the cell cycle and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Youguang Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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19
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Association between Immunohistochemistry Markers and Tumor Features and Their Diagnostic and Prognostic Values in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8367395. [PMID: 35529254 PMCID: PMC9071873 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8367395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the expression of some frequently used immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers. Besides, we evaluated their correlations with the clinical features and outcomes of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Patients who underwent surgical removal of the ICC tumors were followed up for 4 years. The paraffin-embedded sections were used to obtain different markers, including CK7, CK19, CK20, CDX2, Glypican3, Hepa1, Ki-67, Villin, and SATB1. Overall survival in relation to IHC marker expression patterns and other clinical characteristics was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test, followed by the Cox proportional hazard model (to evaluate the relationship between multiple factors and the overall postoperative survival). A total of 122 ICC patients (67 males and 55 females, averagely aged 57.75) were included in this study. There were 44 cases with vascular invasion, 46 cases with lymphatic metastasis, and 13 cases with distant metastasis. CK7 was negatively correlated with lymphatic metastasis; and in distant-metastasis cases, the positive ratio of SATB1 was lower. Interestingly, SATB1 expression indicated a poorer survival, while Villin expression was associated with a better survival. The COX regression analysis showed that female was a protective factor versus male, Villin expression was a strong protective factor, and Ki-67 expression was correlated with a poor survival. Together, IHC markers are associated with tumor features and postoperative survival, especially for SATB1 as a risk factor and Villin as a protective marker, and female ICC patients may have better survival than males.
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20
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Shukla SP, Zhang H, Fang B, Minna JD, Gomika Udugamasooriya D. Unbiased peptoid cell screen identifies a peptoid targeting newly appeared cell surface vimentin on tumor transformed early lung cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116673. [PMID: 35189561 PMCID: PMC9040685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To identify potential new reagents and biomarkers for early lung cancer detection we combined the use of a novel preclinical isogenic model of human lung epithelial cells comparing non-malignant cells with those transformed to full malignancy using defined oncogenic changes and our on-bead two color (red and green stained cells) (OBTC) peptoid combinatorial screening methodology. The preclinical model used normal parent lung epithelial cells (HBEC3-KT, labeled with green dye) and isogenic fully malignant transformed derivatives (labeled with a red dye) via the sequential introduction of key genetic alterations of p53 knockdown, oncogenic KRAS and overexpression of cMYC (HBEC3p53, KRAS, cMYC). Using the unbiased OBTC screening approach, we tested 100,000 different peptoids and identified only one (named JM3A) that bound to the surface of the HBEC3p53, KRAS, cMYC cells (red cells) but not HBEC3-KT cells (green cells). Using the JM3A peptoid and proteomics, we identified the protein bound as vimentin using multiple validation approaches. These all confirmed the cell surface expression of vimentin (CSV) on transformed (HBEC3p53, KRAS, cMYC) but not on untransformed (HBEC3-KT) cells. JM3A coupled with fluorophores was able to detect and stain cell surface vimentin on very early stage lung cancers but not normal lung epithelial cells in a fashion comparable to that using anti-vimentin antibodies. We conclude: using a combined isogenic preclinical model of lung cancer and two color screening of a large peptoid library, we have identified differential expression of cell surface vimentin (CSV) after malignant transformation of lung epithelial cells, and developed a new peptoid reagent (JM3A) for detection of CSV which works well in staining of early stage NSCLCs. This new, highly specific, easy to prepare, CSV detecting JM3A peptoid provides an important new reagent for identifying cancer cells in early stage tumors as well as a resource for detection and isolating of CSV expressing circulating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Prakash Shukla
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery - Research, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX , USA.
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21
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Li D, Lin S, Hong J, Ho M. Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:415-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Li Q, Jin L, Jin M. Novel Hypoxia-Related Gene Signature for Risk Stratification and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:613890. [PMID: 34194464 PMCID: PMC8236897 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.613890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with limited therapeutic options and low survival rate. The hypoxic microenvironment plays a vital role in progression, metabolism, and prognosis of malignancies. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate a hypoxia gene signature for risk stratification and prognosis prediction of HCC patients. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases were used as a training cohort, and one Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE14520) was served as an external validation cohort. Our results showed that eight hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) were identified by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis to develop the hypoxia gene signature and demarcated HCC patients into the high- and low-risk groups. In TCGA, ICGC, and GSE14520 datasets, patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival outcomes than those in the low-risk group (all log-rank P < 0.001). Besides, the risk score derived from the hypoxia gene signature could serve as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients in the three independent datasets. Finally, a nomogram including the gene signature and tumor-node-metastasis stage was constructed to serve clinical practice. In the present study, a novel hypoxia signature risk model could reflect individual risk classification and provide therapeutic targets for patients with HCC. The prognostic nomogram may help predict individualized survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Interventional Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Limin Jin
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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The quest for ligands and binding partners of atypical cadherin FAT1. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101097. [PMID: 33878524 PMCID: PMC8081986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study in Scientific Reports identified glypican-3 (GPC3) as a novel extracellular interacting protein for FAT1 in hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. FAT1 is a large transmembrane atypical cadherin with limited knowledge existing about its binding partners. While in Drosophila, dachsous (ds), another transmembrane member of the cadherin superfamily, is known to function as FAT1 ligand, no ligand is known in mammals so far. The revelation of GPC3 as a potential binding partner of FAT1 extracellular domain unfolds an opportunity to study potential triggers of FAT1 signaling in cancers. Available inhibitors of GPC3 in various phases of clinical trials also present an attractive option to curb GPC3-FAT1 signaling in tumors that overexpress these proteins.
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Peng Z, Gong Y, Liang X. Role of FAT1 in health and disease. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:398. [PMID: 33777221 PMCID: PMC7988705 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1), which encodes a protocadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. Over the past 20 years, the role of FAT1 in tissue growth and in the development of diseases has been extensively studied. There is definitive evidence that FAT1 serves a substantial role in the maintenance of organs and development, and its expression appears to be tissue-specific. FAT1 activates a variety of signaling pathways through protein-protein interactions, including the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways, which affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Abnormal FAT1 expression may lead to the development of tumors and may affect prognosis. Therefore, FAT1 may have potential in tumor therapy. The structural and functional changes mediated by FAT1, its tissue distribution and changes in FAT1 expression in human diseases are described in the present review, which provides further insight for understanding the role of FAT1 in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Peng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Gong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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