1
|
Schmidt K, Spann A, Khan MQ, Izzy M, Watt KD. Minimizing Metabolic and Cardiac Risk Factors to Maximize Outcomes After Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:1689-1699. [PMID: 38060378 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading complication after liver transplantation and has a significant impact on patients' outcomes posttransplant. The major risk factors for post-liver transplant CVD are age, preexisting CVD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome. This review explores the contemporary strategies and approaches to minimizing cardiometabolic disease burden in liver transplant recipients. We highlight areas for potential intervention to reduce the mortality of patients with metabolic syndrome and CVD after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ashley Spann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vanderbilit University, Nashville, TN
| | - Mohammad Qasim Khan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Manhal Izzy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vanderbilit University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan TY, Yan Y, Lu Q, Li J, Chen H. Treatment of Hyperlipidemia With Alirocumab in a Liver Transplant Recipient With Poor Blood Lipid Control: Case Report. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:1169-1172. [PMID: 38876927 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, such as alirocumab, to treat drug-resistant hypercholesterolemia is increasing; however, to date there have been no studies on the use of alirocumab to treat the hyperlipidemia that follows liver transplantation. Here we report a case of successful management of hyperlipidemia, albeit without total reversal of elevated serum triglycerides, with alirocumab monotherapy in a liver transplantation patient who was resistant to rosuvastatin and fenofibrate. In terms of safety, only transient palpitations following the first few alirocumab injections were recorded. This case illustrates that alirocumab can be a viable option for patients who experience poor lipid control after liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Yan Fan
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang D, Yang L, Yu W, Qi B. A 7-month-old girl with a suspected air embolism complication during a living-donor liver transplantation procedure: a case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1271925. [PMID: 38034826 PMCID: PMC10682432 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1271925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric liver transplantation is an important modality for treating biliary atresia. The overall survival rate of pediatric liver transplantation has significantly improved. The incidence of perioperative cardiac events was evaluated, and risk factors were also investigated in adult patients undergoing liver transplantation in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a cardiac event during a pediatric living-donor liver transplantation. Case summary Our report describes the management of cardiac events during a liver transplantation in a 7-month-old girl. The ST segment began to increase to 3.0 mm immediately after reperfusion, with peak ST-segment elevation reaching 13.2 mm after 45 min. The procedure ended uneventfully after continuous symptomatic and etiological treatment. It was considered to be the occurrence of an acute air embolism complication during the procedure based on the electrocardiograph and biomarkers. An echocardiogram during follow-up showed a patent foramen ovale with a left-to-right shunt tract width of 2.7 mm. Discussion Pediatric liver transplantation has become a state-of-the-art treatment for children with end-stage liver disease and can improve the quality of life to some extent. These children may be complicated with congenital heart disease, which increases the risk of surgery. Application of echocardiogram, close monitoring, and appropriate management may reduce the incidence of perioperative cardiac events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Izzy M, Fortune BE, Serper M, Bhave N, deLemos A, Gallegos-Orozco JF, Guerrero-Miranda C, Hall S, Harinstein ME, Karas MG, Kriss M, Lim N, Palardy M, Sawinski D, Schonfeld E, Seetharam A, Sharma P, Tallaj J, Dadhania DM, VanWagner LB. Management of cardiac diseases in liver transplant recipients: Comprehensive review and multidisciplinary practice-based recommendations. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2740-2758. [PMID: 35359027 PMCID: PMC9522925 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation (LT). Prior studies have shown that cardiac diseases affect close to one-third of liver transplant recipients (LTRs) long term and that their incidence has been on the rise. This rise is expected to continue as more patients with advanced age and/or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis undergo LT. In view of the increasing disease burden, a multidisciplinary initiative was developed to critically review the existing literature (between January 1, 1990 and March 17, 2021) surrounding epidemiology, risk assessment, and risk mitigation of coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, and valvular heart disease and formulate practice-based recommendations accordingly. In this review, the expert panel emphasizes the importance of optimizing management of metabolic syndrome and its components in LTRs and highlights the cardioprotective potential for the newer diabetes medications (e.g., sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors) in this high-risk population. Tailoring the multidisciplinary management of cardiac diseases in LTRs to the cardiometabolic risk profile of the individual patient is critical. The review also outlines numerous knowledge gaps to pave the road for future research in this sphere with the ultimate goal of improving clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manhal Izzy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brett E Fortune
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Serper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicole Bhave
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew deLemos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Utah School, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cesar Guerrero-Miranda
- Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shelley Hall
- Center for Advanced Heart and Lung Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Harinstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria G. Karas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kriss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maryse Palardy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Schonfeld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil Seetharam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Pratima Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose Tallaj
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Darshana M Dadhania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei RL, Fan GH, Zhang CZ, Chen KC, Zhang WH, Li CB, Dong SY, Chen JL, Ling SB, Zheng SS, Xu X. Prognostic implication of early posttransplant hypercholesterolemia in liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 22:228-238. [PMID: 35613994 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia is a common complication after liver transplantation (LT) and develops mostly in the early posttransplant period. Recently, some studies have reported a positive correlation between hyperlipidemia and favorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of predicting prognosis in HCC patients receiving LT by early posttransplant dyslipidemia. METHODS From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 806 HCC patients from China Liver Transplant Registry database were retrospectively enrolled. The prognostic relevance of early posttransplant hypertriglyceridemia or hypercholesterolemia was examined using survival analysis, and subgroup analysis was implemented based on LT criteria. RESULTS Early posttransplant hypercholesterolemia (EPHC) was independently inversely associated with the risk of recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.630; P = 0.022], but was not significantly correlated with the mortality. However, early posttransplant hypertriglyceridemia was not related to prognosis. Intriguingly, with further classification, we found that borderline EPHC (B-EPHC), instead of significant EPHC, was a predictor of lower risk for both recurrence (HR = 0.504; P = 0.006) and mortality (HR = 0.511; P = 0.023). Compared with non-EPHC patients, B-EPHC patients achieved significantly superior 1-year and 3-year tumor-free survival (89.6% and 83.7% vs. 83.8% and 72.7% respectively; P = 0.023), and 1-year and 3-year overall survival (95.8% and 84.8% vs. 94.6% and 77.6% respectively; P = 0.039). In the subgroup analysis, B-EPHC remained an independent predictor of better prognosis in patients beyond Milan criteria and those within Hangzhou criteria; whereas there was no significant relationship between B-EPHC and prognosis in patients within Milan criteria and those beyond Hangzhou criteria. More interestingly, patients beyond Milan criteria but within Hangzhou criteria were identified as the crucial subpopulation who benefited from B-EPHC (recurrence HR = 0.306, P = 0.011; mortality HR = 0.325, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS B-EPHC could assist transplant teams in dynamically evaluating prognosis after LT for HCC as a postoperative non-oncological biomarker, especially in patients beyond Milan criteria but within Hangzhou criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Li Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guang-Han Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kang-Chen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chang-Biao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Si-Yi Dong
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jun-Li Chen
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sun-Bin Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China; National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|