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Rizk SK, Farag AGA, El-Ghlban S, Eldin Metwally IS. Identifying the association between polymorphisms in the GZMB and IFIH1 genes and psoriasis in Egyptians. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:189-209. [PMID: 38733267 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2352496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine whether the genetic variants in the genes for Granzyme B (GZMB) and Interferon Induced with Helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) were associated with psoriasis. BACKGROUND Psoriasis, a papulosquamous skin disease, was initially thought of as a disorder primarily of epidermal keratinocytes but is now recognized as one of the most common immune-mediated disorders. It is caused by the interplay between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This case-control study has 65 participants with psoriasis and 65 healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used to genotype GZMB (rs8192917) and IFIH1 (rs35667974). RESULTS Genotype occurrence and allelic spreading for both SNPs are in Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele distributions of rs35667974 showed no differences between the studied groups. Regarding rs8192917, compared to Group II, there is a statistically significant rise in the CC genotype and C allele in Group I. Higher PASI scores are detected in the C/C and C/T genotypes more than the T/T genotype. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that BMI, catalase, MDA, and rs8192917 (C/C) are associated with psoriasis. CONCLUSION GZMB rs8192917 was significantly related to psoriasis risk; its C allele is likewise associated with psoriasis vulnerability. However, our investigation found no link between rs35667974 and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kamal Rizk
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
| | - Samah El-Ghlban
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Saif GAB, Alshammary AF, Ali Khan I. Evaluation of CAT Variants A-89T, C389T, and C419T in Patients with Vitiligo in the Saudi Population. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59040708. [PMID: 37109666 PMCID: PMC10141203 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune and depigmentation disorder in humans that manifests as whitening lesions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell damage. Catalase (CAT) is a well-known oxidative stress regulator and is primarily responsible for the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Based on previous case-control and meta-analysis studies, we assessed the prevalence of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CAT genes A-89T (rs7943316), C389T (rs769217) and C419T (rs11032709) in participants with vitiligo and healthy controls in the Saudi population. Materials and Methods: We recruited 152 participants with vitiligo and 159 healthy controls for A-89T, C389T, and C419T SNP genotyping studies using PCR and RFLP analysis. Additionally, we performed linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses between vitiligo cases and controls. Results: The rs7943316 and rs11032709 SNPs of the CAT genes showed a positive association with vitiligo for both heterozygous genotypes and dominant genetic models (TT + AT vs. AA in A-89T and TT + CT vs. CC in C389T), in the CAT gene. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed a moderate linkage between rs7943316 and rs11032709 SNPs in vitiligo cases and controls. Haplotype frequency estimation revealed a significant association (p = 0.003) among the three SNP alleles. Conclusions: The rs7943316 and rs11032709 SNPs of the CAT genes were strongly associated with susceptibility to vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A. Bin Saif
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Alshammary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Granzyme B in Autoimmune Skin Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020388. [PMID: 36830757 PMCID: PMC9952967 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases often present with cutaneous symptoms that contribute to dysfunction, disfigurement, and in many cases, reduced quality-of-life. Unfortunately, treatment options for many autoimmune skin diseases are limited. Local and systemic corticosteroids remain the current standard-of-care but are associated with significant adverse effects. Hence, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that block molecular drivers of disease in a local and/or targeted manner. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease with known cytotoxic activity and emerging extracellular functions, including the cleavage of cell-cell junctions, basement membranes, cell receptors, and other structural proteins. While minimal to absent in healthy skin, GzmB is markedly elevated in alopecia areata, interface dermatitis, pemphigoid disease, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and vitiligo. This review will discuss the role of GzmB in immunity, blistering, apoptosis, and barrier dysfunction in the context of autoimmune skin disease. GzmB plays a causal role in the development of pemphigoid disease and carries diagnostic and prognostic significance in cutaneous lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Taken together, these data support GzmB as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune skin diseases impacted by impaired barrier function, inflammation, and/or blistering.
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El-Taweel AEA, Abdelrahman A, Hegazy H, Salem R. Granzyme B Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Severe Non-segmental Vitiligo. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2023; 16:55-59. [PMID: 36909870 PMCID: PMC10005806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Granzyme B (GZMB) gene is related to human immunity and is considered as one of the genes indulged in vitiligo. Objective To evaluate the association between GZMB (R55Q) and (P94Q) gene polymorphisms with vitiligo development in a sample of vitiligo Egyptian patients. Methods This study was a case-control study which included 100 non-segmental vitiligo patients as well as a control group consisted of 100 healthy, sex and age matched vitiligo free individuals. The polymorphism of GZMB gene at (R55Q) and (P94A) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Results P94Q and R55Q gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with higher VASI scores. Conclusion GZMB (Q55R) and P94A) gene polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to develop vitiligo in the Egyptian population and could help predicting more extensive forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Aziz El-Taweel
- Dr. El-Taweel is with Faculty of Medicine at 6th of October University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira Abdelrahman
- Drs. Abdelrahman and Salem are with the Faculty of Medicine at Benha University in Banha, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab Salem
- Drs. Abdelrahman and Salem are with the Faculty of Medicine at Benha University in Banha, Egypt
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Cheng X, Hu Y, Gui G, Hu X, Zhu J, Shi B, Bu S. Roles of Pyroptosis-Related Genes in the Diagnosis and Subtype Classification of Periodontitis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8757233. [PMID: 37090158 PMCID: PMC10114156 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8757233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is widely involved in many diseases, including periodontitis. Nonetheless, the functions of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in periodontitis are still not fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of PRGs in periodontitis. Three datasets (GSE10334, GSE16134, and GSE173078) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were selected to analyze the differences in expression values of the PRGs between nonperiodontitis and periodontitis tissue samples using difference analysis. Following this, five hub PRGs (charged multivesicular body protein 2B, granzyme B, Z-DNA-binding protein 1, interleukin-1β, and interferon regulatory factor 1) predicting periodontitis susceptibility were screened by establishing a random forest model, and a predictive nomogram model was constructed on the basis of these genes. Decision curve analysis suggested that the PRG-based predictive nomogram model could provide clinical benefits to patients. Three distinct PRG patterns (cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C) in the periodontitis samples were revealed according to the 48 significant PRGs, and the difference in the immune cell infiltration among the three patterns was explored. We observed that all infiltrating immune cells, except type 2 T helper cells, differ significantly among the three patterns. To quantify the PRG patterns, the PRG score was calculated by principal component analysis. According to the results, cluster B had the highest PRG score, followed by cluster A and cluster C. In conclusion, PRGs significantly contribute to the development of periodontitis. Our study of PRG patterns might open up a new avenue to guide individualized treatment plans for patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Gui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoya Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bowei Shi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoushan Bu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Grolmusz VK, Nagy P, Likó I, Butz H, Pócza T, Bozsik A, Papp J, Oláh E, Patócs A. A common genetic variation in GZMB may associate with cancer risk in patients with Lynch syndrome. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1005066. [PMID: 36890824 PMCID: PMC9986427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lynch syndrome (LS), also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) is a common genetic predisposition to cancer due to germline mutations in genes affecting DNA mismatch repair. Due to mismatch repair deficiency, developing tumors are characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI-H), high frequency of expressed neoantigens and good clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Granzyme B (GrB) is the most abundant serine protease in the granules of cytotoxic T-cells and natural killer cells, mediating anti-tumor immunity. However, recent results confirm a diverse range of physiological functions of GrB including that in extracellular matrix remodelling, inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, our aim was to investigate whether a frequent genetic variation of GZMB, the gene encoding GrB, constituted by three missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2236338, rs11539752 and rs8192917) has any association with cancer risk in individuals with LS. In silico analysis and genotype calls from whole exome sequencing data in the Hungarian population confirmed that these SNPs are closely linked. Genotyping results of rs8192917 on a cohort of 145 individuals with LS demonstrated an association of the CC genotype with lower cancer risk. In silico prediction proposed likely GrB cleavage sites in a high proportion of shared neontigens in MSI-H tumors. Our results propose the CC genotype of rs8192917 as a potential disease-modifying genetic factor in LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Nagy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Likó
- Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henriett Butz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,National Oncology Biobank Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Pócza
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Bozsik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Papp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Oláh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Hereditary Cancers Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network - Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,National Tumorbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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7
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Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhou P, Lin L, Yang Y, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhu D. Effective natural inhibitors targeting granzyme B in rheumatoid arthritis by computational study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1052792. [PMID: 36582296 PMCID: PMC9792495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1052792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by erosive arthritis, and current treatments for RA fall short of the outcomes expected by clinicians and patients. Objectives This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic and prognostic targets in RA at the genomic level and to screen desirable compounds with potential inhibitory effects on GZMB. Methods We performed differential gene analysis on GSE55235 and GSE55457 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and then obtained the intersection of the two differentially expressed genes (DEGs) lists by drawing Venn diagrams. Then we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on the DEGs of the intersection. Next, we downloaded the crystal structure of Granzyme B (GZMB). Molecular docking technology was used to screen potential inhibitors of GZMB in subsequent experiments, and we then analyzed the toxicity and water solubility of these potential inhibitors for future drug experiments. Finally, whether the docking of these small molecules with GZMB is stable is tested by molecular dynamics. Results A total of 352 mutual DEGs were identified. Twenty hub genes were obtained according to PPI network analysis, among which the GZMB gene attracted the attention of our research. Three potent natural compounds, ZINC000004557101, ZINC000012495776, and ZINC000038143593, bound to GZMB, show better binding affinity. Furthermore, they are predicted to own low Ames mutagenicity, developmental toxicity potential, rodent carcinogenicity, and high tolerance to cytochrome P4502D6. Molecular dynamics simulations show that ZINC000004557101 and GZMB have more advantageous potential energy and can exist stably in a natural environment. Moreover, we finally verified the inhibitory effect of ZINC000004557101 on granzyme B by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Western blotting experiment. Conclusion RA patients showed increased GZMB expression. ZINC000004557101 is a potential drug targeting GZMB for treating RA.
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Nüssing S, Sutton VR, Trapani JA, Parish IA. Beyond target cell death - Granzyme serine proteases in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101152. [PMID: 36368281 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of small (∼32 kDa) serine proteases with a range of substrate specificities that are stored in, and released from, the cytoplasmic secretory vesicles ('granules') of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Granzymes are not digestive proteases but finely tuned processing enzymes that target their substrates in specific ways to activate various signalling pathways, or to inactivate viral proteins and other targets. Great emphasis has been placed on studying the pro-apoptotic functions of granzymes, which largely depend on their synergy with the pore-forming protein perforin, on which they rely for penetration into the target cell cytosol to access their substrates. While a critical role for granzyme B in target cell apoptosis is undisputed, both it and the remaining granzymes also influence a variety of other biological processes (including important immunoregulatory functions), which are discussed in this review. This includes the targeting of many extracellular as well as intracellular substrates, and can also lead to deleterious outcomes for the host if granzyme expression or function are dysregulated or abrogated. A final important consideration is that granzyme repertoire, biochemistry and function vary considerably across species, probably resulting from the pressures applied by viruses and other pathogens across evolutionary time. This has implications for the interpretation of granzyme function in preclinical models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Nüssing
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Vivien R Sutton
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Ian A Parish
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, ACT, Australia.
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Dong H, Dong Z, Wang F, Wang G, Luo X, Lei C, Chen J. Whole Genome Sequencing Provides New Insights Into the Genetic Diversity and Coat Color of Asiatic Wild Ass and Its Hybrids. Front Genet 2022; 13:818420. [PMID: 35646088 PMCID: PMC9135160 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.818420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of livestock coat color results from human positive selection and is an indispensable part of breed registration. As an important biodiversity resource, Asiatic wild ass has many special characteristics, including the most visualized feature, its yellowish-brown coat color, and excellent adaptation. To explore the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic characteristics in Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids, we resequenced the whole genome of one Mongolian Kulan (a subspecies of Asiatic wild ass) and 29 Kulan hybrids (Mongolian Kulan ♂×Xinjiang♀), and the ancestor composition indicated the true lineage of the hybrids. XP-EHH (Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity), θπ-ratio (Nucleotide Diversity Ratio), CLR (Composite Likelihood Ratio) and θπ (Nucleotide Diversity) methods were used to detect the candidate regions of positive selection in Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids. Several immune genes (DEFA1, DEFA5, DEFA7, GIMAP4, GIMAP1, IGLC1, IGLL5, GZMB and HLA) were observed by the CLR and θπ methods. XP-EHH and θπ-ratio revealed that these genes are potentially responsible for coat color (KITLG) and meat quality traits (PDE1B and MYLK2). Furthermore, the heatmap was able to show the clear difference in the haplotype of the KITLG gene between the Kulan hybrids and Asiatic wild ass group and the Guanzhong black donkey group, which is a powerful demonstration of the key role of KITLG in donkey color. Therefore, our study may provide new insights into the genetic basis of coat color, meat quality traits and immunity of Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, SHIHEZI University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, SHIHEZI University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingbo Chen,
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Ng CY, Chiu YC, Chan YP, Lin YJ, Chung PH, Chung WH, Ku CL. Skin Interstitial Fluid and Plasma Multiplex Cytokine Analysis Reveals IFN-γ Signatures and Granzyme B as Useful Biomarker for Activity, Severity and Prognosis Assessment in Vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872458. [PMID: 35464413 PMCID: PMC9021541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The course of vitiligo is unpredictable, with periods of disease flare-ups and prolonged recovery periods. It is essential to establish a biomarker profile as a substitute marker for disease activity to predict disease activity, severity, and prognosis prediction. The use of localized skin interstitial fluid as biomarkers has recently gained interest, but extensive studies of the association between skin interstitial fluid, plasma, and the disease course is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the cytokine expression profiles in the skin and plasma and the utility of the biomarker panel in assessing disease activity, severity, and prognosis in patients with vitiligo. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 86 patients and 34 healthy controls were recruited from the outpatient department of a tertiary medical center from March 2019 to September 2021. All patients were of Asian ethnicity. Two independent investigators evaluated disease activity and severity with longitudinal follow-ups for treatment response for a-12 month period. Ultrasensitive multiplex cytokine panel and single-molecule counting technology immunoassays were used to study the cytokine expression in skin interstitial fluid and plasma. Results IFN-γ and its’ signature cytokines, including CXCL9, CXCL10, and GzmB, are most highly expressed in the vitiligo patients’ lesion skin interstitial fluid and plasma compared to healthy control. By way of comparison, no significant changes in IL-1β, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-18 were observed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that IFN-γ is the most sensitive and specific marker in predicting disease activity, followed by CXCL10 and GzmB. CXCL-9 was sensitive and specific in diagnosing vitiligo disease severity. The decrease in IFN-γ expression level is positively correlated with the treatment response. Conclusion IFN-γ, CXCL9, CXCL10, and GzmB are highly expressed in vitiligo patients’ lesion skin and plasma and may serve as biomarkers for the clinical activity, severity, and prognosis prediction in vitiligo patients. Among all, IFN-γ exerts the highest predictive value in disease activity and treatment response, supporting the critical role of IFN-γ in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Yee Ng
- Vitiligo Clinic and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Chiu
- Vitiligo Clinic and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pei Chan
- Vitiligo Clinic and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jr Lin
- Department of Statistics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Han Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, Elixiron Immunotherapeutics Inc., Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Ku
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Choi MS, Chae YJ, Choi JW, Chang JE. Potential Therapeutic Approaches through Modulating the Autophagy Process for Skin Barrier Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7869. [PMID: 34360634 PMCID: PMC8345957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an attractive process to researchers who are seeking novel potential treatments for various diseases. Autophagy plays a critical role in degrading damaged cellular organelles, supporting normal cell development, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Because of the various effects of autophagy, recent human genome research has focused on evaluating the relationship between autophagy and a wide variety of diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. The skin is the largest organ in the body and provides the first line of defense against environmental hazards, including UV damage, chemical toxins, injuries, oxidative stress, and microorganisms. Autophagy takes part in endogenous defense mechanisms by controlling skin homeostasis. In this manner, regulating autophagy might contribute to the treatment of skin barrier dysfunctions. Various studies are ongoing to elucidate the association between autophagy and skin-related diseases in order to find potential therapeutic approaches. However, little evidence has been gathered about the relationship between autophagy and the skin. In this review, we highlight the previous findings of autophagy and skin barrier disorders and suggest potential therapeutic strategies. The recent research regarding autophagy in acne and skin aging is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sik Choi
- Lab of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea;
| | - Yoon-Jee Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun 55338, Korea;
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Ji-Eun Chang
- Lab of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea
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12
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Li R, Ding Z, Jin P, Wu S, Jiang G, Xiang R, Wang W, Jin Z, Li X, Xue K, Wu X, Li J. Development and Validation of a Novel Prognostic Model for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Immune-Related Genes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639634. [PMID: 34025649 PMCID: PMC8131848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is closely related to immune response changes. Further exploration of the pathobiology of AML focusing on immune-related genes would contribute to the development of more advanced evaluation and treatment strategies. In this study, we established a novel immune-17 signature based on transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. We found that immune biology processes and transcriptional dysregulations are critical factors in the development of AML through enrichment analyses. We also formulated a prognostic model to predict the overall survival of AML patients by using LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression analysis. Furthermore, we incorporated the immune-17 signature to improve the prognostic accuracy of the ELN2017 risk stratification system. We concluded that the immune-17 signature represents a novel useful model for evaluating AML survival outcomes and may be implemented to optimize treatment selection in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyou Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shishuang Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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