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Ottaiano A, Santorsola M, Ianniello M, Ceccarelli A, Casillo M, Sabbatino F, Petrillo N, Cascella M, Caraglia F, Picone C, Perri F, Sirica R, Zappavigna S, Nasti G, Savarese G, Caraglia M. Predictive significance of FGFR4 p.G388R polymorphism in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) treatment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:379. [PMID: 38650006 PMCID: PMC11036552 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05184-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TAS-102 (Lonsurf®) is an oral fluoropyrimidine consisting of a combination of trifluridine (a thymidine analog) and tipiracil (a thymidine phosphorylation inhibitor). The drug is effective in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients refractory to fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin. This study is a real-world analysis, investigating the interplay of genotype/phenotype in relation to TAS-102 sensitivity. METHODS Forty-seven consecutive mCRC patients were treated with TAS-102 at the National Cancer Institute of Naples from March 2019 to March 2021, at a dosage of 35 mg/m2, twice a day, in cycles of 28 days (from day 1 to 5 and from day 8 to 12). Clinical-pathological parameters were described. Activity was evaluated with RECIST criteria (v1.1) and toxicity with NCI-CTC (v5.0). Survival was depicted through the Kaplan-Meyer curves. Genetic features of patients were evaluated with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) through the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and TruSigt™Oncology 500 kit. RESULTS Median age of patients was 65 years (range: 46-77). Forty-one patients had 2 or more metastatic sites and 38 patients underwent to more than 2 previous lines of therapies. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Performance Status (PS) was 2 in 19 patients. The median number of TAS-102 cycles was 4 (range: 2-12). The most frequent toxic event was neutropenia (G3/G4 in 16 patients). There were no severe (> 3) non-haematological toxicities or treatment-related deaths. Twenty-six patients experienced progressive disease (PD), 21 stable disease (SD). Three patients with long-lasting disease control (DC: complete, partial responses or stable disease) shared an FGFR4 (p.Gly388Arg) mutation. Patients experiencing DC had more frequently a low tumour growth rate (P = 0.0306) and an FGFR4 p.G388R variant (P < 0.0001). The FGFR4 Arg388 genotype was associated with better survival (median: 6.4 months) compared to the Gly388 genotype (median: 4 months); the HR was 0.25 (95% CI 0.12- 0.51; P = 0.0001 at Log-Rank test). CONCLUSIONS This phenotype/genotype investigation suggests that the FGFR4 p.G388R variant may serve as a new marker for identifying patients who are responsive to TAS-102. A mechanistic hypothesis is proposed to interpret these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ottaiano
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariachiara Santorsola
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniello
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Ceccarelli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Casillo
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Nadia Petrillo
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Picone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Sirica
- Centro Polidiagnostico Strumentale Srl, AMES, 80013, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Nasti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori Di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via L. de Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
- Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.
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Grachev N, Rabaev G, Avdalyan A, Znamenskiy I, Mosin D, Ustyuzhanin D, Rabaev G, Lužbeták M. HER2-Positive Lacrimal Sac Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a 57-Year-Old Man. Case Rep Oncol 2024; 17:142-149. [PMID: 38288459 PMCID: PMC10824523 DOI: 10.1159/000536061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lacrimal sac squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare tumor. Only 241 cases of lacrimal sac SCC have been reported in the literature. However, the detailed molecular profile of this tumor is unknown. Case Presentation Fifty-seven-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 6-month history of epiphora. Multimodal examination revealed a unilateral lacrimal sac SCC T4aN0M0. The patient underwent primary surgery with subsequent chemoradiotherapy. The patient was alive 18 months after the end of the treatment, with no signs of local or distant relapse. Complex molecular profiling revealed the FGFR p.G388R variant, HER2 amplification, and progression phenotype. Conclusion Here, we describe a clinical case of a male patient with lacrimal sac SCC with a careful description of the disease history, treatment, and molecular-genetic patterns of the tumor. This is the first report of HER2-positive lacrimal sac SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Grachev
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gavriil Rabaev
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ashot Avdalyan
- Department of Pathology of the Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka» of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
- A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Znamenskiy
- Department of Radionuclide Diagnostic Methods of the Federal State Budgetary Research Institution «Russian Research Center of Surgery Named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky», Department of Radiation Diagnostics and Therapy of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Mosin
- Federal State Budgetary Research Institution «Russian Research Center of Surgery Named after Academician B.V. Petrovsky», Department of the Rentgenoradiologi, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Ustyuzhanin
- Department of Tomography, Evgeny Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Rabaev
- Department of Oncology, LLC Onco Genotest, Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Lužbeták
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Dresden International University, Dresden), NextGen Oncology Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rock A, Uche A, Yoon J, Agulnik M, Chow W, Millis S. Bioinformatic Analysis of Recurrent Genomic Alterations and Corresponding Pathway Alterations in Ewing Sarcoma. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1499. [PMID: 37888109 PMCID: PMC10608227 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive, mesenchymal malignancy associated with a poor prognosis in the recurrent or metastatic setting with an estimated overall survival (OS) of <30% at 5 years. ES is characterized by a balanced, reciprocal chromosomal translocation involving the EWSR1 RNA-binding protein and ETS transcription factor gene (EWS-FLI being the most common). Interestingly, murine ES models have failed to produce tumors phenotypically representative of ES. Genomic alterations (GA) in ES are infrequent and may work synergistically with EWS-ETS translocations to promote oncogenesis. Aberrations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR4), a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) have been shown to contribute to carcinogenesis. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from knock-in strain of homologous Fgfr4G385R mice display a transformed phenotype with enhanced TGF-induced mammary carcinogenesis. The association between the FGFRG388R SNV in high-grade soft tissue sarcomas has previously been demonstrated conferring a statistically significant association with poorer OS. How the FGFR4G388R SNV specifically relates to ES has not previously been delineated. To further define the genomic landscape and corresponding pathway alterations in ES, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed on the tumors of 189 ES patients. The FGFR4G388R SNV was identified in a significant proportion of the evaluable cases (n = 97, 51%). In line with previous analyses, TP53 (n = 36, 19%), CDK2NA/B (n = 33, 17%), and STAG2 (n = 22, 11.6%) represented the most frequent alterations in our cohort. Co-occurrence of CDK2NA and STAG2 alterations was observed (n = 5, 3%). Notably, we identified a higher proportion of TP53 mutations than previously observed. The most frequent pathway alterations affected MAPK (n = 89, 24% of pathological samples), HRR (n = 75, 25%), Notch1 (n = 69, 23%), Histone/Chromatin remodeling (n = 57, 24%), and PI3K (n = 64, 20%). These findings help to further elucidate the genomic landscape of ES with a novel investigation of the FGFR4G388R SNV revealing frequent aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rock
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - An Uche
- Alameda Health System, 1411 E. 31st St., Oakland, CA 94602, USA;
| | - Janet Yoon
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Mark Agulnik
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Warren Chow
- UCI Health, 101 The City Drive, South Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Sherri Millis
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., 150 Second St., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA;
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Zhao W, Wang B, Zhang L, Jin H. Eosinophils Infiltration in Esophageal Muscularis Propria Induces Achalasia-like Esophageal Motility Disorder in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121865. [PMID: 36551293 PMCID: PMC9775547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophil infiltration in esophageal muscularis propria is common in achalasia (AC). This study aims to evaluate the effect of eosinophil infiltration in muscularis propria of the esophagus on esophageal motility in mice. A mouse model with eosinophil infiltration in the esophageal muscle layer was established by long term Ovalbumin (OVA) exposure. The histopathology features of esophageal muscularis propria as well as parameters of esophageal motility, such as lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) and esophageal emptying, were compared between model and control group. In addition, the histopathology and motility of esophagus at each time point in the model group were compared. The esophageal motor function severely deteriorated in the model group, mimicking the abnormal esophageal motility of AC, with more eosinophils and fewer SOX-10-IR cells in esophageal muscularis propria in the model group, compared with control. With the prolongation of OVA treatment, esophageal motility disorder was aggravated, accompanied by increased eosinophils in the the muscle layer of esophagus and decreased SOX-10-IR cells in the model group. In addition, the eosinophil count was negatively correlated with SOX-10-IR cells. Long-term exposure to OVA assisted by alum may induce eosinophil infiltration in esophageal muscularis propria, reduced SOX-10-IR cells and abnormal esophageal motility, which simulates the functional and histopathological features of some AC patients. This suggests that eosinophil infiltration in esophageal muscularis propria may play a role in the pathogenesis of a subgroup of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lili Zhang
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-2260362608 (H.J.)
| | - Hong Jin
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (H.J.); Tel./Fax: +86-2260362608 (H.J.)
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Zhang L, Gao S, Shi X, Chen Y, Wei S, Mi Y, Zuo L, Qi C. NUPR1
imparts oncogenic potential in bladder cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7149-7163. [PMID: 36468653 PMCID: PMC10067104 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NUPR1, or p8, is a small chromatin protein that plays a central role in the resistance to treatment and progression of cancer. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of NUPR1 in bladder cancer (BLCA) remains unclear. METHODS We used online databases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to explore the expression of NUPR1 in BLCA tissues and controls. Lentivirus-mediated small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was used to knockdown the expression of NUPR1 in two human BLCA cell lines. We used an in vivo experiment to investigate the effect of NUPR1 knockdown on the growth of BLCA. Moreover, an in silico analysis was conducted to assess the differential expression profile after NUPR1 interference. The CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to evaluate the effects of tumor-infiltrating immune cells among BLCA patients. RESULTS The expression of NUPR1 in BLCA tissues was significantly higher than in the control. NUPR1 expression was also positively correlated with the stage of BLCA. After lentivirus-mediated interference, the expression of NUPR1 was significantly down-regulated in BLCA cell lines. The cell cycle was blocked in G1 phase and the cell proportion of S phase was decreased in both two cell lines. Moreover, in vivo experiment revealed that the tumor growth of BLCA can be delayed by inhibiting the expression of NUPR1. Both in silico analysis and functional experiments revealed that NUPR1 was correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also revealed that macrophages were the most related immune cells associated with the expression of NUPR1 in BLCA. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that NUPR1 plays a carcinogenic role in BLCA. NUPR1 lentivirus-mediated interference could interfere with cycle progression of the BLCA cell, resulting in cell cycle arrest in the G1-phase. The carcinogenic effect of NUPR1 in BLCA is likely achieved through EMT. NUPR1 is correlated with the M0-type macrophage markers CD68 and CD11b-integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Shenglin Gao
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Xiaokai Shi
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Shuzhang Wei
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Mi
- Department of Urology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Medical Research Center The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Changzhou China
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Zheng D, Chen L, Tian H, Yang Q, Wu J, Ji Z, Cai J, Chen Y, Li Z. A scientometric analysis of research trends on emerging contaminants in the field of cancer in 2012-2021. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1034585. [PMID: 36504950 PMCID: PMC9733951 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1034585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, emerging contaminants have been discovered in the aquatic environment that can cause a range of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, our scientometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of emerging contaminants and cancer research from 2012 to 2021. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection Database was used to retrieve all related publications. The bibliometix R-package, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer were applied to collect information on annual citations and publications, famous journals and authors, the most productive countries and organizations, popular topics, and keywords. RESULTS A total of 2378 publications were retrieved. The publication's output showed a gradual upward trend from 2012 to 2021. The most-cited paper was a review article by Vandenberg et al. that was published in 2012. According to the analysis results, the United States published the most articles. The closest collaboration was between the United States and China. Environmental Research and Science of The Total Environment published the most paper. It was Choi KC who was the most productive and had the highest h-index, g-index, and m-index among the authors. The most frequently used keywords were "exposure," "endocrine-disrupting chemicals," "endocrine disruptors," "cancer," "bisphenol-a," and so on. DISCUSSION Emerging contaminants play a significant role in cancer development. However, most studies are conducted in vivo with human cells or animal models, and relatively few are on human models. The scientometric analysis offers researchers a clear picture of the current state of research and hotspots in this field. From our study, researchers may find some hotspots that merit in-depth investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daitian Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lingzhi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Huiting Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinyao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zeqi Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jiehui Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yexi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Effect of esophageal muscle fibrosis on prognosis of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in achalasia patients. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7477-7485. [PMID: 35534736 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although esophageal smooth muscle fibrosis of achalasia (AC) patients has been described, the role and mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fibrosis in the distal esophageal muscle in patients with AC and explore its relationship with prognosis of per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). METHODS Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle from forty patients undergoing POEM for AC were obtained at the time of surgery. Control specimens consisted of similar muscle taken from distal esophagectomy for gastric tumors. The muscle fibrosis were assessed by Masson staining and confirmed by immunohistochemistry for collagen I and III. The total number of eosinophil within the myenteric propria were counted. In addition, clinical data were obtained through electronic medical records. Statistical comparison between groups were made. RESULTS A significantly higher proportion of fibrosis in AC as compared with controls (P = 0.000). Eosinophil count, TGF-β1, collagen I, and III were higher than those of control (P = 0.000, P = 0.001, P = 0.011, and P = 0.002, respectively). TGF-β1, collagen I, and III were positively correlated with eosinophil count (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of severe LES fibrosis in patients who failed to respond to POEM two years after operation was higher than that in responders (P = 0.028). And, Eckardt score two years after POEM was also positively correlated with degree of fibrosis-related cytokines (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Smooth muscle fibrosis was prominent in lower part of esophagus of AC and positively correlated with severity of symptoms two years after POEM. The fibrosis might be relevant to eosinophil infiltration and TGF-β1. Further studies are required to more clearly delineate the mechanism of muscle fibrosis and its correlation with prognosis of therapy for this idiopathic disease.
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Pérez Piñero C, Giulianelli S, Lamb CA, Lanari C. New Insights in the Interaction of FGF/FGFR and Steroid Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6491899. [PMID: 34977930 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer (BrCa) has a favorable prognosis compared with other tumor subtypes. However, with time, tumors may evolve and lead to disease progression; thus, there is a great interest in unraveling the mechanisms that drive tumor metastasis and endocrine resistance. In this review, we focus on one of the many pathways that have been involved in tumor progression, the fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) axis. We emphasize in data obtained from in vivo experimental models that we believe that in luminal BrCa, tumor growth relies in a crosstalk with the stromal tissue. We revisited the studies that illustrate the interaction between hormone receptors and FGFR. We also highlight the most frequent alterations found in BrCa cell lines and provide a short review on the trials that use FGFR inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapies. Analysis of these data suggests there are many players involved in this pathway that might be also targeted to decrease FGF signaling, in addition to specific FGFR inhibitors that may be exploited to increase their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pérez Piñero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, IBIOMAR-CCT CENPAT-CONICET, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen H, He Y, Wen X, Shao S, Liu Y, Wang J. SOX9: Advances in Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768264. [PMID: 34881182 PMCID: PMC8645898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors of the SOX family were first discovered in mammals in 1990. The sex-determining region Y box 9 belongs to the SOX transcription factor family. It plays an important role in inducing tissue and cell morphogenesis, survival, and many developmental processes. Furthermore, it has been shown to be an oncogene in many tumors. Gynecological malignancies are tumors that occur in the female reproductive system and seriously threaten the lives of patients. Common gynecological malignancies include ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. So far, the molecular mechanisms related to the incidence and development of gynecological malignancies remain unclear. This makes it particularly important to discover their common causative molecule and thus provide an effective therapeutic target. In recent years, studies have found that multiple mechanisms are involved in regulating the expression of the sex-determining region Y box 9, leading to the occurrence and development of gynecological malignancies. In this review, we discuss the prognostic value of SOX9 expression and the potential of targeting SOX9 for gynecological malignancy treatment. We also discuss progress regarding the role of SOX9 in gynecological malignancy pathogenesis through its mediation of important mechanisms, including tumor initiation and proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yujie He
- Designated Ward, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Wen
- Department of Operation, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shihong Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhu Zhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
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Impacts of Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Receptor 2 C1208T Polymorphism on Cancer Susceptibility. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8727924. [PMID: 34692853 PMCID: PMC8531794 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8727924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CXC chemokines belong to a unique family of cytokines that participates in the progression and development of many malignant tumors. Evidence for the relationship between chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) C1208T polymorphism and susceptibility to cancer remains inconsistent. Methods Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and combined analysis were used to investigate the effect of CXCR2 variation on cancer risk. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also used to evaluate the expression of CXCR2 in prostate cancer (PCA). Results Across 11 case-control studies, 4,909 cases and 5,884 controls were involved in the current analysis. Individuals with a TT genotype were associated with increased risk of digestive cancer, compared to those with a TC+CC genotype (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.02-1.31, P = 0.025). Individuals carrying the TT genotype had a 39% higher risk of urinary cancer than those carrying CC genotype (OR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.04-1.87, P = 0.025). Individuals with a TT genotype showed a 56% augmented breast cancer risk, compared to those with a CC genotype (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.03-2.35, P = 0.034). It was found that CXCR2 expression was downregulated in PCA. Compared with PCA subjects carrying the CC genotype, the expression of CXCR2 was decreased in patients with the TT genotype. Conclusions The CXCR2 C1208T variation was associated with elevated risk of urinary, breast, and digestive cancer. However, the C1208T polymorphism was correlated with attenuated risk of lung cancer.
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Ferguson HR, Smith MP, Francavilla C. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) and Noncanonical Partners in Cancer Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1201. [PMID: 34068954 PMCID: PMC8156822 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that success of targeted therapies in the treatment of cancer is context-dependent and is influenced by a complex crosstalk between signaling pathways and between cell types in the tumor. The Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling axis highlights the importance of such context-dependent signaling in cancer. Aberrant FGFR signaling has been characterized in almost all cancer types, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. This occurs primarily through amplification and over-expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 resulting in ligand-independent activation. Mutations and translocations of FGFR1-4 are also identified in cancer. Canonical FGF-FGFR signaling is tightly regulated by ligand-receptor combinations as well as direct interactions with the FGFR coreceptors heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and Klotho. Noncanonical FGFR signaling partners have been implicated in differential regulation of FGFR signaling. FGFR directly interacts with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, contributing to invasive and migratory properties of cancer cells, whereas interactions with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate angiogenic, resistance to therapy, and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The diversity in FGFR signaling partners supports a role for FGFR signaling in cancer, independent of genetic aberration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R. Ferguson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Michael P. Smith
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health (FBMH), The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK;
- Manchester Breast Centre, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
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