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Elía A, Saldain L, Lovisi S, Martínez Vazquez P, Burruchaga J, Lamb CA, Lüthy IA, Diez F, Homer NZM, Andrew R, Rojas P, Lanari C. Steroid profile in patients with breast cancer and in mice treated with mifepristone. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230238. [PMID: 37962553 PMCID: PMC10762537 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptors (PRs) are biomarkers used as prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer, but they are still not used as therapeutic targets. We have proposed that the ratio between PR isoforms A and B (PRA and PRB) predicts antiprogestin responsiveness. The MIPRA trial confirmed the benefit of 200 mg mifepristone, administered to patients with tumors with a high PRA/PRB ratio, but dose-ranging has not been conducted. The aim of this study was to establish the plasma mifepristone levels of patients from the MIPRA trial, along with the resultant steroid profiles, and compare these with those observed in mifepristone-treated mice using therapeutic schemes able to induce the regression of experimental mammary carcinomas with high PRA/PRB ratios: 6 mg pellets implanted subcutaneously, or daily doses of 12 mg/kg body weight. The plasma levels of mifepristone and other 19 plasma steroids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectometry. In mifepristone-treated mice, plasma levels were lower than those registered in mifepristone-treated patients (i.e. day 7 after treatment initiation, pellet-treated mice: 8.4 ± 3.9 ng/mL; mifepristone-treated patients: 300.3 ± 31.7 ng/mL (mean ± s.d.; P < 0.001)). The increase in corticoid related steroids observed in patients was not observed in mifepristone-treated mice. The increase in progesterone levels was the most significant side effect detected in mifepristone-treated mice after 14 or 21 days of treatment, probably due to an ovarian compensatory effect not observed in postmenopausal patients. We conclude that in future clinical trials using mifepristone, the possibility of lowering the standard daily dose of 200 mg should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Elía
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Leo Saldain
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lovisi
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Argentina
| | | | - Javier Burruchaga
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | | | - Federico Diez
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Andrew
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paola Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
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Araújo R, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Elía A, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Tumor Lipid Signatures Are Descriptive of Acquisition of Therapy Resistance in an Endocrine-Related Breast Cancer Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37497607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The lipid metabolism adaptations of estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer tumors from a mouse syngeneic model are investigated in relation to differences across the transition from hormone-dependent (HD) to hormone-independent (HI) tumor growth and the acquisition of endocrine therapy (ET) resistance (HIR tumors). Results are articulated with reported polar metabolome results to complete a metabolic picture of the above transitions and suggest markers of tumor progression and aggressiveness. Untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics was used to analyze tumor and mammary tissue lipid extracts. Tumor progression (HD-HI-HIR) was accompanied by increased nonesterified cholesterol forms and phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelins, and plasmalogens) and decreased relative contents of triglycerides and fatty acids. Predominating fatty acids became shorter and more saturated on average. These results were consistent with gradually more activated cholesterol synthesis, β-oxidation, and phospholipid biosynthesis to sustain tumor growth, as well as an increase in cholesterol (possibly oxysterol) forms. Particular compound levels and ratios were identified as potential endocrine tumor HD-HI-HIR progression markers, supporting new hypotheses to explain acquired ET resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Fabris
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Elía
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- IByME - Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428 ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- iBIMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Elía A, Saldain L, Vanzulli SI, Helguero LA, Lamb CA, Fabris V, Pataccini G, Martínez-Vazquez P, Burruchaga J, Caillet-Bois I, Spengler E, Acosta Haab G, Liguori M, Castets A, Lovisi S, Abascal MF, Novaro V, Sánchez J, Muñoz J, Belizán JM, Abba MC, Gass H, Rojas P, Lanari C. Beneficial Effects of Mifepristone Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer Selected by the Progesterone Receptor Isoform Ratio: Results from the MIPRA Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:866-877. [PMID: 36269797 PMCID: PMC9975668 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical data suggest that antiprogestins inhibit the growth of luminal breast carcinomas that express higher levels of progesterone receptor isoform A (PRA) than isoform B (PRB). Thus, we designed a presurgical window of opportunity trial to determine the therapeutic effects of mifepristone in patients with breast cancer, based on their high PRA/PRB isoform ratio (MIPRA; NCT02651844). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty patients with luminal breast carcinomas with PRA/PRB > 1.5 (determined by Western blots), and PR ≥ 50%, naïve from previous treatment, were included for mifepristone treatment (200 mg/day orally; 14 days). Core needle biopsies and surgical samples were formalin fixed for IHC studies, while others were snap-frozen to perform RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), proteomics, and/or Western blot studies. Plasma mifepristone levels were determined using mass spectrometry. The primary endpoint was the comparison of Ki67 expression pretreatment and posttreatment. RESULTS A 49.62% decrease in Ki67 staining was observed in all surgical specimens compared with baseline (P = 0.0003). Using the prespecified response parameter (30% relative reduction), we identified 14 of 20 responders. Mifepristone induced an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; a decrease in hormone receptor and pSer118ER expression; and an increase in calregulin, p21, p15, and activated caspase 3 expression. RNA-seq and proteomic studies identified downregulated pathways related to cell proliferation and upregulated pathways related to immune bioprocesses and extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of mifepristone in patients with luminal breast cancer with high PRA/PRB ratios. The combined effects of mifepristone and estrogen receptor modulators warrant clinical evaluation to improve endocrine treatment responsiveness in these patients. See related commentary by Ronchi and Brisken, p. 833.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Elía
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Leo Saldain
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | - Luisa A. Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Caroline A. Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Victoria Fabris
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pataccini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Paula Martínez-Vazquez
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Javier Burruchaga
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Ines Caillet-Bois
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Eunice Spengler
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | | | - Marcos Liguori
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Alejandra Castets
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Silvia Lovisi
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - María F. Abascal
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Virginia Novaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jana Sánchez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Belizán
- Instituto de Efectividad Sanitaria (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Hugo Gass
- Hospital de Agudos “Magdalena V de Martínez”, General Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina (HospitalPMVM)
| | - Paola Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina.,Corresponding Authors: Claudia Lanari, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina. Phone: 0540-11478-32869; E-mail: ; and Paola Rojas,
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires Argentina.,Corresponding Authors: Claudia Lanari, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina. Phone: 0540-11478-32869; E-mail: ; and Paola Rojas,
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Araújo R, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Metabolic Adaptations in an Endocrine-Related Breast Cancer Mouse Model Unveil Potential Markers of Tumor Response to Hormonal Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:786931. [PMID: 35299741 PMCID: PMC8921989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.786931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and, in most cases, it is hormone-dependent (HD), thus relying on ovarian hormone activation of intracellular receptors to stimulate tumor growth. Endocrine therapy (ET) aimed at preventing hormone receptor activation is the primary treatment strategy, however, about half of the patients, develop resistance in time. This involves the development of hormone independent tumors that initially are ET-responsive (HI), which may subsequently become resistant (HIR). The mechanisms that promote the conversion of HI to HIR tumors are varied and not completely understood. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolic adaptations accompanying this conversion through the analysis of the polar metabolomes of tumor tissue and non-compromised mammary gland from mice implanted subcutaneously with HD, HI and HIR tumors from a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced BC mouse model. This was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of tissue polar extracts and data mining through multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Initial results unveiled marked changes between global tumor profiles and non-compromised mammary gland tissues, as expected. More importantly, specific metabolic signatures were found to accompany progression from HD, through HI and to HIR tumors, impacting on amino acids, nucleotides, membrane percursors and metabolites related to oxidative stress protection mechanisms. For each transition, sets of polar metabolites are advanced as potential markers of progression, including acquisition of resistance to ET. Putative biochemical interpretation of such signatures are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Fabris
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Elia A, Abba M, Gass H, Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Vazquez PM, Burruchaga J, Spengler E, Bois IC, Castets A, Lovisi S, Liguori M, Pataccini G, Abascal MF, Novaro V, Molinolo A, Vanzulli SI, Rojas P, Lanari C. Abstract P5-16-09: Transcriptome modulation by mifepristone treatment in breast cancer patients with higher levels of progesterone receptor A than B. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-16-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Preclinical data suggests that antiprogestins inhibit the growth of luminal breast carcinomas expressing higher levels of progesterone receptor isoform A (PRA) than isoform B (PRB). Thus, we designed a pre-surgical window of opportunity trial to determine the therapeutic effects of oral mifepristone (MFP) in 20 breast cancer patients selected by their high PRA/PRB isoform ratio (MIPRA; NCT02651844).Methods. MIPRA is an open-label, one-arm, prospective interventional study. After the selection process, 20 patients that met the inclusion criteria, with ER+, PRA/PRB>1.5 determined by Western blots, and total PR ≥50% determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), were included for daily MFP treatment (200 mg/day p.o., 14 days). Core needle biopsies and surgical samples were formalin-fixed for IHC studies, and others were snap-frozen for further molecular studies. Besides, plasma samples were obtained for MFP dosing by LC-MS/MS. RNA was extracted from frozen tissue with a column-based method. The library for sequencing was constructed using SMART-Seq v4 Ultra Low Input RN from 8 paired samples in which tissue was available and passed the RNA quality control. Sequencing data was aligned with STAR and processed in R/Bioconductor. The counts matrix was obtained with featureCounts and differential expression paired analysis was performed with DESeq2. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was executed with the MSigDB collection.Results: A 49.62% decrease in Ki-67 staining was registered in all surgical specimens compared to baseline (p = 0.0003). Using the pre-specified response parameter (30% relative reduction) we identified 14/20 responders. Mifepristone was detected in all available plasma samples and the mean concentration was 308.33 ±57.91 ng/ml (716.71 ±134.62 nM). We conducted an RNA-seq analysis to explore changes at the transcript level. First, we conducted the study with all pairs of samples, without considering the response to MFP in Ki-67 studies. Unsupervised analysis showed the paired samples clustered together but neither the principal component analysis, nor the hierarchical clustering, showed any relevant cluster. The differential expression analysis identified 11 and 76 genes down- and up-regulated, respectively. We performed a GSEA based on KEGG databases and determined enriched pathways related to modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. When the analysis was conducted with the REACTOME up-modulation of immune bioprocess and extracellular matrix re-modeling pathways such as degradation of extracellular matrix, activation of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen formation, were observed in the latter. Additionally, we observed down-modulation of pathways related to cell cycle such as DNA replication and synthesis, APC/C, and phase transition pathways. Interestingly, when we considered the tumors that responded to MFP according to Ki-67 data (n=4) and those that did not respond (n=4), we found that the non-responsive group shared some of the up and down modulated pathways as the responsive group.Conclusion: The results obtained in RNA-Seq data support the findings obtained by IHC indicating that MFP inhibits cell proliferation in luminal breast carcinomas with higher levels of PRA than PRB. The fact that MFP increased immune-related pathways is in line with previous preclinical data from our laboratory suggesting that MFP may prime this group of tumors for. further immune therapy. Interestingly, we found that some relevant pathways regarding inhibition of cell proliferation were also modulated in the non-responsive group suggesting that tumors in which a decrease in Ki-67 was not evident, may be still responding to MFP treatment. Ongoing analysis will determine changes in other markers that may help to further define MFP-responsive patients.
Citation Format: Andres Elia, Martin Abba, Hugo Gass, Caroline A Lamb, Victoria T Fabris, Paula Martinez Vazquez, Javier Burruchaga, Eunice Spengler, Ines Caillet Bois, Alejandra Castets, Silvia Lovisi, Marcos Liguori, Gabriela Pataccini, Maria Florencia Abascal, Virginia Novaro, Alfredo Molinolo, Silvia I Vanzulli, Paola Rojas, Claudia Lanari. Transcriptome modulation by mifepristone treatment in breast cancer patients with higher levels of progesterone receptor A than B [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-16-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Elia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Abba
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gass
- Hosiptal Magdalena V de Martínez, Gral Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Lovisi
- Hosiptal Magdalena V de Martínez, Gral Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Marcos Liguori
- Hosiptal Magdalena V de Martínez, Gral Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pataccini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Virginia Novaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pérez Piñero C, Giulianelli S, Lamb CA, Lanari C. New Insights in the Interaction of FGF/FGFR and Steroid Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6491899. [PMID: 34977930 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Luminal breast cancer (BrCa) has a favorable prognosis compared with other tumor subtypes. However, with time, tumors may evolve and lead to disease progression; thus, there is a great interest in unraveling the mechanisms that drive tumor metastasis and endocrine resistance. In this review, we focus on one of the many pathways that have been involved in tumor progression, the fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) axis. We emphasize in data obtained from in vivo experimental models that we believe that in luminal BrCa, tumor growth relies in a crosstalk with the stromal tissue. We revisited the studies that illustrate the interaction between hormone receptors and FGFR. We also highlight the most frequent alterations found in BrCa cell lines and provide a short review on the trials that use FGFR inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapies. Analysis of these data suggests there are many players involved in this pathway that might be also targeted to decrease FGF signaling, in addition to specific FGFR inhibitors that may be exploited to increase their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pérez Piñero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, IBIOMAR-CCT CENPAT-CONICET, U9120ACD Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME CONICET, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abascal MF, Elía A, Alvarez M, Pataccini G, Sequeira G, Riggio M, Figueroa V, Lamb CA, Rojas PA, Spengler E, Martínez-Vazquez P, Burruchaga J, Liguori M, Sahores A, Wargon V, Molinolo A, Hewitt S, Lombes M, Sartorius C, Vanzulli SI, Giulianelli S, Lanari C. Progesterone receptor isoform ratio dictates antiprogestin/progestin effects on breast cancer growth and metastases: A role for NDRG1. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1481-1496. [PMID: 34935137 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone receptors (PR) ligands are being tested in luminal breast cancer. There are mainly two PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, and their ratio (PRA/PRB) may be predictive of antiprogestin response. Our aim was to investigate: the impact of the PR isoform ratio on metastatic behavior, the PR isoform ratio in paired primary tumors and lymph node metastases (LNM) and, the effect of antiprogestin/progestins on metastatic growth. Using murine and human metastatic models, we demonstrated that tumors with PRB > PRA (PRB-H) have a higher proliferation index but less metastatic ability than those with PRA > PRB (PRA-H). Antiprogestins and progestins inhibited metastatic burden in PRA-H and PRB-H models, respectively. In breast cancer samples, LNM retained the same PRA/PRB ratio as their matched primary tumors. Moreover, PRA-H LNM expressed higher total PR levels than the primary tumors. The expression of NDRG1, a metastasis suppressor protein, was higher in PRB-H compared with PRA-H tumors and was inversely regulated by antiprogestins/progestins. The binding of the corepressor SMRT at the progesterone responsive elements of the NDRG1 regulatory sequences, together with PRA, impeded its expression in PRA-H cells. Antiprogestins modulate the interplay between SMRT and AIB1 recruitment in PRA-H or PRB-H contexts regulating NDRG1 expression and thus, metastasis. In conclusion, we provide a mechanistic interpretation to explain the differential role of PR isoforms in metastatic growth and highlight the therapeutic benefit of using antiprogestins in PRA-H tumors. The therapeutic effect of progestins in PRB-H tumors is suggested. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Elía
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Michelle Alvarez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina.,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires
| | - Gabriela Pataccini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Sequeira
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina.,Hospital Público de Gestión Descentralizada Dr. Arturo Oñativia, Argentina
| | - Marina Riggio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Virginia Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Paola A Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Eunice Spengler
- Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martínez", General Pacheco, Argentina
| | | | - Javier Burruchaga
- Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martínez", General Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Marcos Liguori
- Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martínez", General Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Ana Sahores
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | - Victoria Wargon
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
| | | | | | - Marc Lombes
- INSERM and Fac Med Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, UMR-S 1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carol Sartorius
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, IBIOMAR-CCT CENPAT-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Argentina
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Bojorge MA, Cicconi NS, Cebrón JR, Fang Y, Lamb CA, Bartke A, Miquet JG, González L. Morphological and molecular effects of overexpressed GH on mice mammary gland. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111465. [PMID: 34597725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth Hormone (GH) plays crucial roles in mammary gland development and growth, and its upregulation has been associated with breast cancer promotion and/or progression. To ascertain how high GH levels could promote mammary tissue oncogenic transformation, morphological characteristics and the expression of receptors involved in mammary growth, development and cancer, and of mitogenic mediators were analyzed in the mammary gland of virgin adult transgenic mice that overexpress GH. Whole mounting and histologic analysis evidenced that transgenic mice exhibit increased epithelial ductal elongation and enlarged ducts along with deficient branching and reduced number of alveolar structures compared to wild type mice. The number of differentiated alveolar structures was diminished in transgenic mice while the amount of terminal end buds (TEBs) did not differ between both groups of mice. GH, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and GH receptor mRNA levels were augmented in GH-overexpressing mice breast tissue, as well as IGF1 receptor protein content. However, GH receptor protein levels were decreased in transgenic mice. Fundamental receptors for breast growth and development like progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor were also increased in mammary tissue from transgenic animals. In turn, the levels of the proliferation marker Ki67, cFOS and Cyclin D1 were increased in GH-overexpressing mice, while cJUN expression was decreased and cMYC did not vary. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to high GH levels induces morphological and molecular alterations in the mammary gland that affects its normal development. While these effects would not be tumorigenic per se, they might predispose to oncogenic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Bojorge
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia S Cicconi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta R Cebrón
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado, 2490 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Geriatrics Research, Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, IL, 62794, USA
| | - Johanna G Miquet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Sequeira GR, Sahores A, Dalotto-Moreno T, Perrotta RM, Pataccini G, Vanzulli SI, Polo ML, Radisky DC, Sartorius CA, Novaro V, Lamb CA, Rabinovich GA, Salatino M, Lanari C. Enhanced Antitumor Immunity via Endocrine Therapy Prevents Mammary Tumor Relapse and Increases Immune Checkpoint Blockade Sensitivity. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1375-1387. [PMID: 33268529 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of active antitumor immunity in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer has been historically underlooked. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of the immune system to antiprogestin-induced tumor growth inhibition using a hormone-dependent breast cancer model. BALB/c-GFP+ bone marrow (BM) cells were transplanted into immunodeficient NSG mice to generate an immunocompetent NSG/BM-GFP+ (NSG-R) mouse model. Treatment with the antiprogestin mifepristone (MFP) inhibited growth of 59-2-HI tumors with similar kinetics in both animal models. Interestingly, MFP treatment reshaped the tumor microenvironment, enhancing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Tumors in MFP-treated immunocompetent mice showed increased infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages, natural killer, and CD8 T cells, displaying a central memory phenotype. Mechanistically, MFP induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vivo and in vitro, as depicted by the expression and subcellular localization of the alarmins calreticulin and HMGB-1 and the induction of an ICD gene program. Moreover, MFP-treated tumor cells efficiently activated immature dendritic cells, evidenced by enhanced expression of MHC-II and CD86, and induced a memory T-cell response, attenuating tumor onset and growth after re-challenge. Finally, MFP treatment increased the sensitivity of HR+ 59-2-HI tumor to PD-L1 blockade, suggesting that antiprogestins may improve immunotherapy response rates. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effect of hormonal treatment and the rational design of therapeutic combinations based on endocrine and immunomodulatory agents in HR+ breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: Antiprogestin therapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death in PRA-overexpressing tumors, eliciting an adaptive immune memory response that protects mice from future tumor recurrence and increases sensitivity to PD-L1 blockade. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/81/5/1375/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R Sequeira
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Hospital Público de Gestión Descentralizada Dr. Arturo Oñativia, Ciudad de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Ana Sahores
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ramiro M Perrotta
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pataccini
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María L Polo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Carol A Sartorius
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Virginia Novaro
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Salatino
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Elia A, Vanzulli SI, Gass H, Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Vazquez PM, Burruchaga J, Spengler E, Bois IC, Castets A, Lovisi S, Liguori M, Pataccini G, Abascal MF, Novaro V, Haab GA, Molinolo A, Rojas P, Lanari C. Abstract PS11-35: Mipra, a window of opportunity study evaluating mifepristone treatment for postmenopausal breast cancer patients with higher levels of progesterone receptor isoform a than b. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs20-ps11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Different antiprogestins have been clinically evaluated in gynecological andbreast cancers. Mifepristone (MFP), as well as onapristone and telapristone acetate, showedpartial responses in breast cancer clinical trials. Preclinical data indicates that antiprogestinsinhibit cell proliferation of luminal breast carcinomas expressing higher levels of progesteronereceptor isoform A (PRA) than those of isoform B (PRB) evaluated by western blots (WB). Thus,we designed a pre-surgical window trial to determine the therapeutic effects of oral MFP oncell proliferation and on differential gene expression in 20 breast cancer patients selected bytheir high PRA/PRB isoform ratio.Methods. MIPRA is an open-label, one-arm, prospective interventional study (NCT02651844).We interviewed 140 naive breast cancer patients and 133 accepted to participate. Four coreultrasound-guided biopsies were performed, two were formalin-fixed for diagnosis, ER, PR,HER2, and Ki67 evaluation and two were snap-frozen for WB and molecular studies. Patientsthat met the inclusion criteria, with ER+, PRA/PRB>1.5 and total PR ≥50% determined by WBand immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, were included for MFP treatment. Plasma wasobtained before and after treatment for future studies. Patients were treated with oral MFP(200 mg/day) for 14 days before surgery which was performed on day 15. Clinical examinationwas performed at days 7 and 14 to register possible adverse effects and to measure tumorsize. During surgery, samples were formalin-fixed for IHC studies, and others were snap-frozenfor further molecular studies. One patient had a bilateral breast cancer, and both tumorsmatched with the inclusion criteria and were included. The primary endpoint was Ki67labeling, comparing diagnostic core needle biopsy to post-therapy surgical specimens.Considering previous studies performed with tamoxifen, we pre-specified that 30% of relativereduction in Ki67 would be considered as a positive response. Differences in Ki67 expressionwere quantitated by an expert pathologist counting at least ten 40x fields per slide. Theseresults are currently being validated by a second pathologist. One patient, with a core biopsywith less than 500 total cells, was excluded. Ongoing experiments include secondary and otherendpoints: comparison of apoptotic, proliferative and hormone receptor markers by IHC,measurement of MFP plasma levels and, RNAseq analysis in samples pre- and post-treatment. Ki67 changes from baseline were tested with paired Wilcoxon matched-pairssigned-rank test.Results: The median (range) Ki67 value of biopsies was 11.87% (2.70- 34.56) and for surgicalspecimens was 6.45% (0.48-23.77). A 45.67% of decrease in the median % Ki67 (41.63%comparing the arithmetic mean values and 50.83% comparing the geometric mean values) wasregistered in all surgical specimens compared to baseline (p= 0.003). Using the pre-specifiedresponse parameter (30% relative reduction in Ki67), we identified 15/20 (75%) responders.Considering only responsive tumors, a 49.87% decrease in the median % Ki67 (50.83%,arithmetic mean; 62.34% geometric mean) was observed (p<0.0001) between baseline andsurgical specimens. In those cases with the highest response, the decrease in Ki-67 wasaccompanied by a decrease in tumor volume (ultrasound measurements).Conclusion: Our results show that MFP treatment may be effective in patients showing a highPRA/PRB ratio. The magnitude of the inhibition was similar or higher to that reported fortamoxifen in ER+ breast cancer patients in short-term treatment studies. Ongoing analysis willdetermine if there are changes in other markers that may help to further define MFP-responsive patients.
Citation Format: Andres Elia, Silvia I Vanzulli, Hugo Gass, Caroline A Lamb, Victoria T Fabris, Paula Martinez Vazquez, Javier Burruchaga, Eunice Spengler, Ines Caillet Bois, Alejandra Castets, Silvia Lovisi, Marcos Liguori, Gabriela Pataccini, M Florencia Abascal, Virginia Novaro, Gabriela Acosta Haab, Alfredo Molinolo, Paola Rojas, Claudia Lanari. Mipra, a window of opportunity study evaluating mifepristone treatment for postmenopausal breast cancer patients with higher levels of progesterone receptor isoform a than b [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS11-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Elia
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- 2Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gass
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Javier Burruchaga
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Eunice Spengler
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Ines Caillet Bois
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Castets
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lovisi
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Marcos Liguori
- 3Hospital de Agudos "Magdalena V de Martinez", General Pacheco,Tigre, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Pataccini
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Florencia Abascal
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Novaro
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alfredo Molinolo
- 5Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Paola Rojas
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- 1Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Lanari C. Progesterone and breast. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 69:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Valeri C, Lovaisa MM, Racine C, Edelsztein NY, Riggio M, Giulianelli S, Venara M, Bedecarrás P, Ballerini MG, di Clemente N, Lamb CA, Schteingart HF, Rey RA. Molecular mechanisms underlying AMH elevation in hyperoestrogenic states in males. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15062. [PMID: 32934281 PMCID: PMC7492256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by Sertoli cells of the testes from early fetal life until puberty, when it is downregulated by androgens. In conditions like complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), AMH downregulation does not occur and AMH increases at puberty, due in part to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) effect. However, other conditions like Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), characterised by low FSH, also have increased AMH. Because both CAIS and PJS may present as hyperoestrogenic states, we tested the hypothesis that oestradiol (E2) upregulates AMH expression in peripubertal Sertoli cells and explored the molecular mechanisms potentially involved. The results showed that E2 is capable of inducing an upregulation of endogenous AMH and of the AMH promoter activity in the prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1, signalling through ERα binding to a specific ERE sequence present on the hAMH promoter. A modest action was also mediated through the membrane oestrogen receptor GPER. Additionally, the existence of ERα expression in Sertoli cells in patients with CAIS was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The evidence presented here provides biological plausibility to the hypothesis that testicular AMH production increases in clinical conditions in response to elevated oestrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Valeri
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Lovaisa
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chrystèle Racine
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris-Diderot Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Y Edelsztein
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Riggio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos, IBIOMAR-CCT (CENPAT-CONICET), U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Marcela Venara
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Bedecarrás
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Ballerini
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nathalie di Clemente
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine (CRSA), 75012, Paris, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Helena F Schteingart
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Biología Celular, Histología, Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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13
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Bispo D, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Hormone-Independent Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinomas with Different Metastatic Potential Exhibit Different Metabolic Signatures. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1242. [PMID: 32867141 PMCID: PMC7563858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic characteristics of metastatic and non-metastatic breast carcinomas remain poorly studied. In this work, untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to compare two medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced mammary carcinomas lines with different metastatic abilities. Different metabolic signatures distinguished the non-metastatic (59-2-HI) and the metastatic (C7-2-HI) lines, with glucose, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and lipid metabolism as the major affected pathways. Non-metastatic tumours appeared to be characterised by: (a) reduced glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) activities, possibly resulting in slower NADH biosynthesis and reduced mitochondrial transport chain activity and ATP synthesis; (b) glutamate accumulation possibly related to reduced glutathione activity and reduced mTORC1 activity; and (c) a clear shift to lower phosphoscholine/glycerophosphocholine ratios and sphingomyelin levels. Within each tumour line, metabolic profiles also differed significantly between tumours (i.e., mice). Metastatic tumours exhibited marked inter-tumour changes in polar compounds, some suggesting different glycolytic capacities. Such tumours also showed larger intra-tumour variations in metabolites involved in nucleotide and cholesterol/fatty acid metabolism, in tandem with less changes in TCA and phospholipid metabolism, compared to non-metastatic tumours. This study shows the valuable contribution of untargeted NMR metabolomics to characterise tumour metabolism, thus opening enticing opportunities to find metabolic markers related to metastatic ability in endocrine breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bispo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Victoria Fabris
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Caroline A. Lamb
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lanari
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- iBIMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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García X, Elía A, Galizzi L, May M, Spengler E, Martínez Vázquez P, Burruchaga J, Gass H, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Increased androgen receptor expression in estrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 180:257-263. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Lüthy IA, Lamb CA. [Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 for gene editing with CRISPR / Cas9 technology]. Medicina (B Aires) 2020; 80:738-740. [PMID: 33254128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Lüthy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental - CONICET, Argentina. E-mail:
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16
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Lamb CA, Vanzulli SI, Lanari C. Hormone receptors in breast cancer: more than estrogen receptors. Medicina (B Aires) 2019; 79:540-545. [PMID: 31864223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy per cent of breast cancers are luminal carcinomas that express estrogen receptor alpha (ER). For several decades, its expression has been used as a therapeutic target in patients with breast cancer. These therapies are aimed at blocking ER or inhibiting ligand synthesis. The expression of progesterone receptors (PR) is evaluated as a prognostic factor together with ER. It has been shown that there are two predominant PR isoforms with different molecular weight, isoform A and isoform B, which are not distinguished by immunohistochemical techniques. The available evidence indicates that the PR isoform ratio may have both a prognostic and predictive value of the response to antiprogestin treatment. In luminal mammary carcinomas, androgen receptors (AR) are expressed in a high percentage and the AR/ER or AR/PR ratio could be a prognostic factor. In ER negative (-) tumors, AR expression is an indicator of poor prognosis and it is proposed that they may be susceptible to antiandrogen treatment. Finally, the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) would be an indicator of good or bad prognosis in luminal or ER- tumors, respectively. In ER- tumors, metastases express higher levels of nuclear GR than primary tumors and therapies that block GR could improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. Given the crosstalk of pathways triggered by different hormone receptors, it is possible that in the future, a therapeutic scheme can be administered that contemplates the expression of ER, PR isoforms, AR and GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
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Sahores A, May M, Sequeira GR, Fuentes C, Jacobsen B, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Targeting FGFR with BGJ398 in Breast Cancer: Effect on Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18:979-987. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666171214114706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Endocrine resistance and metastatic dissemination comprise major clinical
challenges for breast cancer treatment. The fibroblast growth factor receptor family (FGFR) consists
of four tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptors, involved in key biological processes. Genomic alterations
in FGFR have been identified in advanced breast cancer and thus, FGFR are an attractive
therapeutic target. However, the efficacy of FGFR inhibitors on in vivo tumor growth is still controversial.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of FGFR in tumor growth and breast
cancer progression.
Methods:
Cell proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake and cell counting in primary
cultures of endocrine resistant mammary carcinomas and a human cell line, respectively. Tumor
transplants and cell injections were used to determine in vivo growth and spontaneous metastasis.
FGFR1-3 and αSMA expression were evaluated on primary tumors by immunohistochemistry.
Results:
Antiprogestin resistant murine transplants and a human xenograft express high levels of
total FGFR1-3. In vitro treatment with the FGFR inhibitor, BGJ398, impaired cell proliferation of
resistant variants versus vehicle. In vivo, versus control, BGJ398 treatment decreased one out of
four resistant tumors, however all tumors showed a decreased epithelial/stromal ratio. Finally, in a
model of hormone resistant mammary cancer that spontaneously metastasizes to the lung, BGJ398
decreased the number of mice with lung metastasis.
Conclusion:
FGFR inhibitors are promising tools that require further investigation to identify sensitive
tumors. These studies suggest that targeting FGFR combined with other targeted therapies will
be useful to impair breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sahores
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María May
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo R. Sequeira
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Fuentes
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Britta Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A. Lamb
- Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Jacobsen B, Molinolo AA, Lanari C. Biological and clinical impact of imbalanced progesterone receptor isoform ratios in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:ERC-18-0179. [PMID: 29991638 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a consensus that progestins and thus their cognate receptor molecules, the progesterone receptors (PR), are essential in the development of the adult mammary gland and regulators of proliferation and lactation. However, a role for natural progestins in breast carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. A hint to that possible role came from studies in which the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate was associated with an increased breast cancer risk in women under hormone replacement therapy. However, progestins have been also used for breast cancer treatment and to inhibit the growth of several experimental breast cancer models. More recently, PR have been shown to be regulators of estrogen receptor signaling. With all this information, the question is how can we target PR, and if so, which patients may benefit from such an approach? PR are not single unique molecules. Two main PR isoforms have been characterized, PRA and PRB, that exert different functions and the relative abundance of one isoform respect to the other determines the response of PR agonists and antagonists. Immunohistochemistry with standard antibodies against PR do not discriminate between isoforms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the expression of both PR isoforms in mammary glands, in experimental models of breast cancer and in breast cancer patients, to better understand how the PRA/PRB ratio can be exploited therapeutically to design personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- C Lamb, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria T Fabris
- V Fabris, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Britta Jacobsen
- B Jacobsen, Department of Pathology, University of Colorado at Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- A Molinolo, Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resource, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, United States
| | - Claudia Lanari
- C Lanari, Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Sahores A, Figueroa V, May M, Liguori M, Rubstein A, Fuentes C, Jacobsen BM, Elía A, Rojas P, Sequeira GR, Álvarez MM, González P, Gass H, Hewitt S, Molinolo A, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Increased High Molecular Weight FGF2 in Endocrine-Resistant Breast Cancer. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:338-348. [PMID: 29956066 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine resistance may develop as a consequence of enhanced growth factor signaling. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) consists of a low and several high molecular weight forms (HMW-FGF2). We previously demonstrated that antiprogestin-resistant mammary carcinomas display lower levels of progesterone receptor A isoforms (PRA) than B isoforms (PRB). Our aim was to evaluate the role of FGF2 isoforms in breast cancer progression. We evaluated FGF2 expression, cell proliferation, and pathway activation in models with different PRA/PRB ratios. We performed lentiviral infections of different FGF2 isoforms using the human hormone-responsive T47D-YA cells, engineered to only express PRA, and evaluated tumor growth, metastatic dissemination, and endocrine responsiveness. We assessed FGF2 expression and localization in 81 human breast cancer samples. Antiprogestin-resistant experimental mammary carcinomas with low PRA/PRB ratios and T47D-YB cells, which only express PRB, displayed higher levels of HMW-FGF2 than responsive variants. HMW-FGF2 overexpression in T47D-YA cells induced increased tumor growth, lung metastasis, and antiprogestin resistance compared to control tumors. In human breast carcinomas categorized by their PRA/PRB ratio, we found nuclear FGF2 expression in 55.6% of tumor cells. No differences were found between nuclear FGF2 expression and Ki67 proliferation index, tumor stage, or tumor grade. In low-grade tumor samples, moderate to high nuclear FGF2 levels were associated to carcinomas with low PRA/PRB ratio. In conclusion, we show that HMW-FGF2 isoforms are PRB targets which confer endocrine resistance and are localized in the nuclei of breast cancer samples. Hence, targeting intracellular FGF2 may contribute to overcome tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sahores
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Figueroa
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María May
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Liguori
- Hospital de Agudos Magdalena V de Martínez, General Pacheco, Argentina
| | | | - Cynthia Fuentes
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrés Elía
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo R Sequeira
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michelle M Álvarez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro González
- Hospital de Agudos Magdalena V de Martínez, General Pacheco, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gass
- Hospital de Agudos Magdalena V de Martínez, General Pacheco, Argentina
| | | | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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20
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Abstract
Autophagy relies on the sequential, hierarchical association of proteins with phagophores, and forming autophagosomes to allow completion of the process. Additionally, the trafficking of the unique transmembrane autophagy-related protein ATG9 is vital for autophagy progression. In this chapter, we discuss methods to monitor autophagosome number using confocal microscopy, by following the association of different autophagosomal markers with the phagophore and completed autophagosome. We also discuss methods to monitor the trafficking of ATG9 in mammalian cells under starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - J Joachim
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Group, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Kennedy NA, Kalla R, Warner B, Gambles CJ, Musy R, Reynolds S, Dattani R, Nayee H, Felwick R, Harris R, Marriott S, Senanayake SM, Lamb CA, Al-Hilou H, Gaya DR, Irving PM, Mansfield J, Parkes M, Ahmad T, Cummings JRF, Arnott ID, Satsangi J, Lobo AJ, Smith M, Lindsay JO, Lees CW. Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 40:1313-23. [PMID: 25284134 PMCID: PMC4232866 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurines (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) remain integral to most medical strategies for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Indefinite use of these drugs is tempered by long-term risks. While clinical relapse is noted frequently following drug withdrawal, there are few published data on predictive factors. AIM To investigate the success of planned thiopurine withdrawal in patients in sustained clinical remission to identify rates and predictors of relapse. METHODS This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study from 11 centres across the UK. Patients included had a definitive diagnosis of IBD, continuous thiopurine use ≥3 years and withdrawal when in sustained clinical remission. All patients had a minimum of 12 months follow-up post drug withdrawal. Primary and secondary end points were relapse at 12 and 24 months respectively. RESULTS 237 patients were included in the study (129 CD; 108 UC). Median duration of thiopurine use prior to withdrawal was 6.0 years (interquartile range 4.4-8.4). At follow-up, moderate/severe relapse was observed in 23% CD and 12% UC patients at 12 months, 39% CD and 26% UC at 24 months. Relapse rate at 12 months was significantly higher in CD than UC (P = 0.035). Elevated CRP at withdrawal was associated with higher relapse rates at 12 months for CD (P = 0.005), while an elevated white cell count was predictive at 12 months for UC (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Thiopurine withdrawal in the context of sustained remission is associated with a 1-year moderate-to-severe relapse rate of 23% in Crohn's disease and 12% in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Kennedy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - R Kalla
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - B Warner
- Gastroenterology, Royal Sussex County HospitalBrighton, UK
| | - C J Gambles
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - R Musy
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - S Reynolds
- Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield, UK
| | - R Dattani
- Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - H Nayee
- Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - R Felwick
- Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - R Harris
- Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - S Marriott
- University of Exeter Medical School and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S M Senanayake
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge, UK
| | - C A Lamb
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - H Al-Hilou
- Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - D R Gaya
- Gastroenterology, Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgow, UK
| | - P M Irving
- Gastroenterology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - J Mansfield
- Gastroenterology, Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M Parkes
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge, UK
| | - T Ahmad
- University of Exeter Medical School and Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J R F Cummings
- Gastroenterology, Southampton General HospitalSouthampton, UK
| | - I D Arnott
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - J Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK
| | - A J Lobo
- Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield, UK
| | - M Smith
- Gastroenterology, Royal Sussex County HospitalBrighton, UK
| | - J O Lindsay
- Gastroenterology, Barts Health NHS TrustLondon, UK
| | - C W Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General HospitalEdinburgh, UK,
Correspondence to: Dr C. W. Lees, Gastrointestinal Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK., E-mail:
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Sequeira GR, Vanzulli SI, May M, Rojas P, Lamb CA, Molinolo A, Lanari C. Abstract B126: Antiprogestins induce tumor vessels remodeling and increase the effects of albumin-bound paclitaxel or doxorubicin-pegylated liposomes in PR-A (+) but not in PR-B (+) T47D xenografts. Mol Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.advbc-b126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic breast cancer today. To overcome undesired side effects and improve drug efficacy in tumor cells, different nanoparticle formulations were developed. Paclitaxel was bound with human albumin (Nab-paclitaxel; Abraxane), and pegylated liposomes have been developed for doxorubicin delivery (PEG-LD; Doxopeg). We have evaluated the effect of these therapeutic agents together with antiprogestins in experimental murine mammary carcinomas (MMC) expressing different ratios of progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms and showed an increased therapeutic effect of combined treatments vs. single treatments only in tumors over expressing PR isoform A (PR-A). We showed that in these tumors antiprogestins such as Mifepristone (MFP) or Proellex, induced tissue remodeling increasing the stroma/parenchyma ratio and the number of vessels, increasing doxorubicin or Abraxane concentration within the tumors. (Sequeira et al., CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, December 4-8 2012). The aims of this study were: a) to characterize the tumor vessels generated during antiprogestin treatment in the MMC and b) to evaluate the effect of chemotherapeutic agents together with MFP vs. single treatments, on the growth of human T47D breast cancer cells expressing PR-A or PR isoform B (PR-B), inoculated orthotopically into NOD/LtSz-scid/IL-2Rgamma null female mice. BALB/c female mice bearing 59-2-HI (PR-A>PR-B) tumors on one flank and C4-2-HI (PR-B>PR-A) on the other flank were treated for 5 days with MFP (10 mg/kg/day). Mice were then injected with Fluorescein labeled Lycopersicon Esculentum (Tomato) Lectin (TL), or with Count Control Beads (CCB) and sacrificed after 7 min or 60 min respectively. Immunofluorescence microscopy studies showed increased TL staining (p<0.05), and vessels with increased diameter (p<0.001) in MFP-treated tumors showing higher levels of PR-A than PR-B as compared to untreated mice. Similarly, higher levels of fluorescent CCB/total number of cells were detected by flow cytometry in the same experimental groups suggesting that an increased vascular network is responsible, at least partially, of increasing the nano-chemotherapeutic drug concentration within these tumors. On the other hand, the T47D-YA and T47D-YB xenografts showed a similar responsiveness as the MMC: PEG-DL (0.9 mg/Kg/week) or Abraxane (10 mg/Kg; three doses every 4 days) combined with MFP (10 mg/Kg/Day) were more effective than the single treatments decreasing tumor size, only in the T47D-YA xenografts (p<0.05). We propose that antiprogestins have the potential to enhance the efficacy of nano-chemotherapeutic formulations in patients with breast cancer showing higher levels of PR-A than PR-B by increasing their access to the tumor cells.
Citation Format: Gonzalo R. Sequeira, Silvia I. Vanzulli, Maria May, Paola Rojas, Caroline A. Lamb, Alfredo Molinolo, Claudia Lanari. Antiprogestins induce tumor vessels remodeling and increase the effects of albumin-bound paclitaxel or doxorubicin-pegylated liposomes in PR-A (+) but not in PR-B (+) T47D xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B126.
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Sahores A, Luque GM, Wargon V, May M, Molinolo A, Becu-Villalobos D, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Novel, low cost, highly effective, handmade steroid pellets for experimental studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64049. [PMID: 23691144 PMCID: PMC3655057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic component of Silastic® glue (Dow Corning) used to prepare Silastic® pellets is polydimethylsiloxane. This compound is also present in other commercial adhesives such as FASTIX® (Akapol SA) that are available in any store for that category. In the present study we developed low cost, easy to prepare handmade steroid pellets (HMSP) by mixing 17β-estradiol, progesterone or other synthetic steroids with FASTIX® adhesive. We assessed serum levels of 17β-estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and luteinizing hormone in ovariectomized mice treated for 24 and 48 h or 7, 14 and 28 days with 20 µg or 5 mg of 17β-estradiol or 5 mg progesterone HMSP. We found a time dependent and significant increase in the levels of both natural hormones, and a downregulation of serum luteinizing hormone levels, while both 17β-estradiol doses increased serum prolactin. Uterine weights at sacrifice and histological examination of the uteri and the mammary glands correlated with estrogen or progestin action. Finally, we evaluated the biological effects of HMSP compared to commercial pellets or daily injections in the stimulation or inhibition of hormone dependent mammary tumor growth, and found that HMSP were as effective as the other methods of hormone administration. These data show that HMSP represent a useful, low cost, easily accessible method for administering steroids to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sahores
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina M. Luque
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Wargon
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María May
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Claudia Lanari
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A. Lamb
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Sequeira GR, Vanzulli SI, Lamb CA, Rojas PA, Lanari C. Abstract P4-06-15: Mifepristone modifies the tumor microenvironment increasing the therapeutic efficiency of low doses of Doxorubicin liposomes or paclitaxel-albumin nanoparticles in a murine model of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p4-06-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for metastatic breast cancer today. To overcome undesired side effects and improve drug efficacy in tumor cells, different nanoparticle formulations have been developed. Paclitaxel has been bound with human albumin (Nab-paclitaxel), and pegylated liposomes have been developed for doxorubicin delivery (PEG-LD). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of these therapeutic agents in experimental mammary carcinomas expressing different ratios of progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms and to evaluate the effect of combined treatments of chemotherapeutic agents with the antiprogestin mifepristone (MFP). Nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane, Abraxis), at a dosage of 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight administered in three doses every four days, completely inhibited the growth of the antiprogestin-resistant C4-2-HI mouse mammary carcinoma, which is associated with high levels of PR isoform B (PR-B) expression. C4-HI, an antiprogestin-responsive mouse tumor that shows high levels of PR isoform A (PR-A) expression, was not inhibited by the low Nab-paclitaxel dose. However, the combination of MFP (6 mg silastic pellet) with Nab-paclitaxel improved the efficacy of both single treatments. Similar experiments were conducted using PEG-LD (Doxopeg; Laboratorios Raffo). In this case, all tumors tested (C4-HI, CC4-3-HI, 59–2-HI and C4-2-HI) were all highly responsive to high (18 mg/kg/week) or low (9 mg/kg/week) PEG-LD doses. When PEG-LD concentrations were lowered to 4.5 mg/kg/week and they were combined with MFP, an improved response was observed with combined treatments only in tumors with high PR-A levels (p <0.001). Using BALB/c-GFP mice, we demonstrated that MFP treatment induced tissue remodeling in PR-A positive tumors, increasing the stromal/tumor cell ratio and the number of vessels (as shown by CD31 positive cells; p < 0.001). Taking advantage of doxorubicin's red autofluorescence, we showed increased levels of drug accumulation in tumor cells surrounding the stromal tissue. Using a human albumin antibody we demonstrated nab-paclitaxel accumulation in similar locations. However, because increased areas (p < 0.001) of stromal tissue were observed in the antiprogestin-treated mice, the total amount of PEG-LD or Nab-paclitaxel was much higher in the combined-treated tumors. We propose that antiprogestins have the potential to enhance the efficacy of nanotherapeutics in patients with breast tumors with a high PR-A/PR-B ratio.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- GR Sequeira
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - SI Vanzulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - CA Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - PA Rojas
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Academia Nacional de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Giulianelli S, Vaqué JP, Soldati R, Wargon V, Vanzulli SI, Martins R, Zeitlin E, Molinolo AA, Helguero LA, Lamb CA, Gutkind JS, Lanari C. Estrogen Receptor Alpha Mediates Progestin-Induced Mammary Tumor Growth by Interacting with Progesterone Receptors at the Cyclin D1/MYC Promoters. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2416-27. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Cerliani JP, Guillardoy T, Giulianelli S, Vaque JP, Gutkind JS, Vanzulli SI, Martins R, Zeitlin E, Lamb CA, Lanari C. Interaction between FGFR-2, STAT5, and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3720-31. [PMID: 21464042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 (FGFR-2) polymorphisms have been associated with an increase in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer risk; however, a clear mechanistic association between FGFR-2 and steroid hormone receptors remains elusive. In previous works, we have shown a cross talk between FGF2 and progestins in mouse mammary carcinomas. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these interactions and to validate our findings in a human setting, we have used T47D human breast cancer cells and human cancer tissue samples. We showed that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and FGF2 induced cell proliferation and activation of ERK, AKT, and STAT5 in T47D and in murine C4-HI cells. Nuclear interaction between PR, FGFR-2, and STAT5 after MPA and FGF2 treatment was also showed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. This effect was associated with increased transcription of PRE and/or GAS reporter genes, and of PR/STAT5-regulated genes and proteins. Two antiprogestins and the FGFR inhibitor PD173074, specifically blocked the effects induced by FGF2 or MPA respectively. The presence of PR/FGFR-2/STAT5 complexes bound to the PRE probe was corroborated by using NoShift transcription and chromatin immunoprecipitation of the MYC promoter. Additionally, we showed that T47D cells stably transfected with constitutively active FGFR-2 gave rise to invasive carcinomas when transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. Nuclear colocalization between PR and FGFR-2/STAT5 was also observed in human breast cancer tissues. This study represents the first demonstration of a nuclear interaction between FGFR-2 and STAT5, as PR coactivators at the DNA progesterone responsive elements, suggesting that FGFRs are valid therapeutic targets for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Cerliani
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic relapsing gastrointestinal conditions characterised by an influx of inflammatory cells to the affected gut mucosa. The mainstay of diagnosing and re-evaluating these conditions in clinical practice and research is by invasive serological, radiological, endoscopic and histological assessment. In clinical trials, disease activity is often evaluated using a combination of the above tests plus clinical indices such as the Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index. These tools rely on subjective assessment of symptoms and so, often, do not correlate with mucosal inflammation or mucosal healing, which may be the preferred therapeutic end point for long-term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. The faecal biomarkers calprotectin and lactoferrin are neutrophil derived proteins that are stable in faeces and can be detected by quantitative ELISA in small stool samples. Concentrations of both are raised in patients with gastrointestinal mucosal inflammation. They provide a unique, inexpensive, non-invasive method of testing for active inflammatory disease. They can be used to screen for IBD and as a surrogate marker of mucosal healing they are useful in monitoring the response to therapeutic intervention or surgery. They may also predict the clinical course of the disease. This clinical review aims to discuss the current evidence, limitations and potential future uses of these biomarkers in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J C Mansfield
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Fabris VT, Sahores A, Vanzulli SI, Colombo L, Molinolo AA, Lanari C, Lamb CA. Inoculated mammary carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: contribution to hormone independent tumor growth. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:293. [PMID: 20553594 PMCID: PMC2894798 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has underscored the role of carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAF) in tumor growth. However, there are controversial data regarding the persistence of inoculated CAF within the tumors. We have developed a model in which murine metastatic ductal mammary carcinomas expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors transit through different stages of hormone dependency. Hormone dependent (HD) tumors grow only in the presence of progestins, whereas hormone independent (HI) variants grow without hormone supply. We demonstrated previously that CAF from HI tumors (CAF-HI) express high levels of FGF-2 and that FGF-2 induced HD tumor growth in vivo. Our main goal was to investigate whether inoculated CAF-HI combined with purified epithelial (EPI) HD cells can induce HD tumor growth. Methods Purified EPI cells of HD and HI tumors were inoculated alone, or together with CAF-HI, into female BALB/c mice and tumor growth was evaluated. In another set of experiments, purified EPI-HI alone or combined with CAF-HI or CAF-HI-GFP were inoculated into BALB/c or BALB/c-GFP mice. We assessed whether inoculated CAF-HI persisted within the tumors by analyzing inoculated or host CAF in frozen sections of tumors growing in BALB/c or BALB/c-GFP mice. The same model was used to evaluate early stages of tumor development and animals were euthanized at 2, 7, 12 and 17 days after EPI-HI or EPI-HI+CAF-HI inoculation. In angiogenesis studies, tumor vessels were quantified 5 days after intradermal inoculation. Results We found that admixed CAF-HI failed to induce epithelial HD tumor growth, but instead, enhanced HI tumor growth (p < 0.001). Moreover, inoculated CAF-HI did not persist within the tumors. Immunofluorescence studies showed that inoculated CAF-HI disappeared after 13 days. We studied the mechanisms by which CAF-HI increased HI tumor growth, and found a significant increase in angiogenesis (p < 0.05) in the co-injected mice at early time points. Conclusions Inoculated CAF-HI do not persist within the tumor mass although they play a role during the first stages of tumor formation promoting angiogenesis. This angiogenic environment is unable to replace the hormone requirement of HD tumors that still need the hormone to recruit the stroma from the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Fabris
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a recently described condition that has gained increasing recognition over the past 5 years. Despite this, many clinicians remain unaware of EoE, often leading to diagnostic delay and therefore significant morbidity. The diagnosis of EoE should be considered in any patient with a history of intermittent or continuous dysphagia, or oesophageal food impaction. It should be strongly suspected in young patients, particularly men, presenting with dysphagia and a history of atopy. Here, three patients are presented that highlight common features of EoE. In addition, a clinical review of the worldwide literature is provided to heighten physician awareness and understanding of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - V Kanakala
- Department of Surgery, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R W Stirling
- Department of Histopathology, Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Lamb CA, Speight RA, Needham S, Graham JY, Mansfield JC. Management of Crohn's disease. Gut 2010; 59:340. [PMID: 20207639 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2010.208637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK.
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Dipper CR, Maitra S, Thomas R, Lamb CA, McLean-Tooke APC, Ward R, Smith D, Spickett G, Mansfield JC. Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the follow-up of adult coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:236-44. [PMID: 19438848 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of auto antibodies directed against tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG antibodies) has a well-established role in the diagnosis of coeliac disease, but the value of these antibodies in long-term follow-up is controversial. AIMS To determine if serial anti-tTG antibody measurements could confirm adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and identify patients at risk of disease complications. METHODS In a 54-month cohort follow-up study, 182 adult patients were assessed. Data recorded included self-assessment of GFD adherence; anti-tTG antibody concentration and serum ferritin, vitamin B12 and folate. Where available, bone mineral density (BMD) and duodenal histology data were retrieved. RESULTS Persistently elevated anti-tTG antibody levels were significantly associated with abnormal duodenal histology (P < 0.001), low ferritin (P < 0.01) and poor adherence to the GFD (P < 0.001). The specificity was >85% while the sensitivity was 39-60%. Anti-tTG antibody concentrations fell rapidly following successful initiation of a GFD, and maintenance of normalization identified those who continued to be adherent to the diet. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a strategy of using anti-tTG antibody concentrations to monitor newly diagnosed and established patients with coeliac disease, and to target dietetic intervention to reduce the risk of complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Dipper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
Patients with psoriasis suffer from the effects of a chronic illness. One of the most bothersome aspects of the disease is a sense of loss of 'control.' 'Perceived control' is an important and well-studied psychological concept. The literature on perceived control offers guidance to help improve the physician-patient relationship and outcomes in chronic diseases such as psoriasis. Practical suggestions include the use of materials and other resources offered by patient advocacy groups (such as those from the National Psoriasis Foundation) and the development of a physician-patient relationship that gives the patient a sense of control of their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, USA
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Lamb CA, Mohiuddin MK, Gicquel J, Neely D, Bergin FG, Hanson JM, Mansfield JC. Faecal calprotectin or lactoferrin can identify postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. Br J Surg 2009; 96:663-74. [PMID: 19384912 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying Crohn's disease recurrence in symptomatic patients after ileocaecal resection is difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate faecal concentrations of granulocyte degradation products in this setting. METHODS A postoperative cohort of 13 patients was followed prospectively for 1 year with regular faecal calprotectin (FC) and lactoferrin (FL) measurements. A second postoperative cohort (median 24 months after resection) of 104 patients provided a single stool sample. Faecal measurements were compared with symptom diaries, the Harvey Bradshaw Index, endoscopic examination, C-reactive protein and platelet measurement. RESULTS In the uncomplicated course, both markers normalized within 2 months. Both FC and FL correlated significantly with Harvey Bradshaw Index (P < 0.001). Twenty-eight patients with severely clinically active disease had high mean(s.e.) levels of FC (661.1(119.1) microg/g) and FL (116.6(32.2) microg/g); and 43 with clinically inactive disease had low levels of FC (70.2(27.1) microg/g) and FL (5.9(2.4) microg/g). In patients with mild to moderately clinically active disease, FC and FL identified individuals with and without recurrent inflammatory disease. Faecal markers were more accurate at predicting clinical disease activity than C-reactive protein, platelet count or endoscopic appearance. CONCLUSION FC and FL are non-invasive tests that can help to identify disease recurrence in symptomatic postoperative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Lanari C, Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Helguero LA, Soldati R, Bottino MC, Giulianelli S, Cerliani JP, Wargon V, Molinolo A. The MPA mouse breast cancer model: evidence for a role of progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009; 16:333-50. [PMID: 19190078 DOI: 10.1677/erc-08-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
More than 60% of all breast neoplasias are ductal carcinomas expressing estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). By contrast, most of the spontaneous, chemically or mouse mammary tumor virus induced tumors, as well as tumors arising in genetically modified mice do not express hormone receptors. We developed a model of breast cancer in which the administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate to BALB/c female mice induces mammary ductal carcinomas with a mean latency of 52 weeks and an incidence of about 80%. These tumors are hormone-dependent (HD), metastatic, express both ER and PR, and are maintained by syngeneic transplants. The model has been further refined to include mammary carcinomas that evolve through different stages of hormone dependence, as well as several hormone-responsive cell lines. In this review, we describe the main features of this tumor model, highlighting the role of PR as a trigger of key signaling pathways mediating tumor growth. In addition, we discuss the relevance of this model in comparison with other presently used breast cancer models pointing out its advantages and limitations and how, this model may be suitable to unravel key questions in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lanari
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428ADN, Buenos Aires, CF, Argentina
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Lewis CJ, Lamb CA, Kanakala V, Pritchard S, Armstrong GR, Attwood SEA. Is the etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults a response to allergy or reflux injury? Study of cellular proliferation markers. Dis Esophagus 2008; 22:249-55. [PMID: 19207551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2008.00896.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that allergy may be the key factor in the etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE); however, historically, the condition was hypothesized as related to reflux injury to the esophageal mucosa. We studied this hypothesis by comparing markers of inflammation and cellular proliferation in EE and reflux esophagitis. Lower esophageal biopsies of adult patients with EE (n = 10), reflux esophagitis (n = 8), and normal controls (n = 13) were assessed quantitatively for the expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, cellular proliferation, and oncogenic resistance to apoptosis using monoclonal antibodies for COX-2, Ki-67, and Bcl-2, respectively. Normal esophageal epithelium demonstrated weak diffuse uptake of COX-2 stain in the basal layer. No COX-2 expression was demonstrated in the EE group, significantly less than the control and reflux groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Cellular proliferation measured by Ki-67 expression was higher in EE and reflux compared with control (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). Ki-67 expression, and thus degree of hyperplasia, appeared greater in EE than reflux, but was not statistically significant (P = 0.228). The degree of apoptosis was similar in all study groups. EE and reflux esophagitis are proliferative conditions expressing Ki-67 in higher concentrations than control. Mucosal proliferation in reflux esophagitis is COX-2 dependent. This novel research in EE has demonstrated downregulation of COX-2 expression compared with reflux esophagitis and control. We hypothesize that the allergy-related cytokine IL-13 known to inhibit COX-2 expression and found in high concentrations in EE as responsible for this. The pathogenesis of EE is likely dependent on allergy rather than reflux injury to the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lewis
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Hope Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Giulianelli S, Cerliani JP, Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Bottino MC, Gorostiaga MA, Novaro V, Góngora A, Baldi A, Molinolo A, Lanari C. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts activate progesterone receptors and induce hormone independent mammary tumor growth: A role for the FGF-2/FGFR-2 axis. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2518-31. [PMID: 18767044 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which mammary carcinomas acquire hormone independence are still unknown. To study the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) in the acquisition of hormone-independence we used a hormone-dependent (HD) mouse mammary tumor and its hormone-independent (HI) variant, which grows in vivo without hormone supply. HI tumors express higher levels of FGFR-2 than HD tumors. In spite of their in vivo differences, both tumors have the same hormone requirement in primary cultures. We demonstrated that CAF from HI tumors (CAF-HI) growing in vitro, express higher levels of FGF-2 than HD counterparts (CAF-HD). FGF-2 activated the progesterone receptors (PR) in the tumor cells, thus increasing cell proliferation in both HI and HD tumors. CAF-HI induced a higher proliferative rate on the tumor cells and in PR activation than CAF-HD. The blockage of FGF-2 in the co-cultures or the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of FGFR-2 inhibited PR activation and tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, in vivo, the FGFR inhibitor decreased C4-HI tumor growth, whereas FGF-2 was able to stimulate C4-HD tumor growth as MPA. T47D human breast cancer cells were also stimulated by progestins, FGF-2 or CAF-HI, and this stimulation was abrogated by antiprogestins, suggesting that the murine C4-HI cells respond as the human T47D cells. In summary, this is the first study reporting differences between CAF from HD and HI tumors suggesting that CAF-HI actively participate in driving HI tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Giulianelli
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME)-National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lamb CA, Helguero LA, Giulianelli S, Soldati R, Vanzulli SI, Molinolo A, Lanari C. Antisense oligonucleotides targeting the progesterone receptor inhibit hormone-independent breast cancer growth in mice. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7:R1111-21. [PMID: 16457691 PMCID: PMC1410760 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous data from our laboratory suggested that progesterone receptors (PRs) are involved in progestin-independent growth of mammary carcinomas. To investigate this possibility further, we studied the effects of PR antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asPR) on in vivo tumor growth. Method BALB/c mice with subcutaneous 25 mm2 mammary carcinomas expressing estrogen receptor-α and PR were either injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg asPR every 24 or 12 hours for 5–10 days, or subcutaneously with RU 486 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) every 24 hours. Control mice received vehicle or scPR. Results Significant inhibition of tumor growth as well as a significant decrease in bromodeoxyuridine uptake was observed in asPR-treated mice, which correlated with histological signs of regression and increased apoptosis. Mice treated with RU 486 experienced almost complete tumor regression. No differences were detected between vehicle-treated and scPR-treated mice. Anti-progestin-treated and asPR-treated mice were in a continuous estrous/meta-estrous state. Decreased phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2 levels and estrogen receptor-α expression were observed as late events in RU 486-treated and asPR-treated mice with regressing tumors. Conclusion We demonstrate, for the first time, inhibition of tumor growth in vivo using asPR. Our results provide further evidence for a critical and hierarchical role of the PR pathway in mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giulianelli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Soldati
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Vanzulli
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lamb CA, Fabris V, Gorostiaga MA, Helguero LA, Efeyan A, Bottino MC, Simian M, Soldati R, Sanjuan N, Molinolo A, Lanari C. Isolation of a stromal cell line from an early passage of a mouse mammary tumor line: A model for stromal parenchymal interactions. J Cell Physiol 2004; 202:672-82. [PMID: 15389583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a murine mammary tumor cell line, MC4-L4, and after 15 passages, a spindle-shaped population became evident. The cuboidal cells, MC4-L4E, cloned by limit dilution, proved to be epithelial tumor cells. When inoculated in syngeneic mice, they gave rise to invasive metastatic carcinomas expressing estrogen and progesterone receptors. These tumors regressed after anti-progestin treatment and stopped growing after 17-beta-estradiol administration. In vitro, they were insensitive to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 17-beta-estradiol, and EGF and were inhibited by TGFbeta1. They expressed mutated p53 and estrogen receptors alpha; progesterone receptors were undetectable. Cells were polyploid and shared the same four common marker chromosomes present in the parental tumor in addition to an exclusive marker. Spindle-shaped cells, MC4-L4F, were selected by differential attachment and detachment and proved to be non-epithelial non-tumorigenic cells. They were cytokeratin negative, showed mesenchymal features by electron microscopy, differentiated to adipocytes when treated with an adipogenic cocktail, were stimulated by TGFbeta1 and EGF, showed a wild-type p53, and did not exhibit the marker chromosomes of the parental tumor. Although they expressed estrogen receptors alpha, they were insensitive to 17-beta-estradiol in proliferation assays. Co-cultures of both cell types had a synergic effect on progesterone receptors expression and on cell proliferation, being the epithelial cells, the most responsive ones, and 17-beta-estradiol increased cell proliferation only in co-cultures. Cytogenetic studies and data on p53 mutations rule out the possibility of an epithelial mesenchymal transition. Their unique characteristics make them an excellent model to be used in studies of epithelial-stromal interactions in the context of hormone responsiveness in hormone related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lamb CA, Helguero LA, Fabris V, Lucas C, Molinolo AA, Lanari C. Differential effects of raloxifene, tamoxifen and fulvestrant on a murine mammary carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2003; 79:25-35. [PMID: 12779079 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023324827225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the selective estrogen receptor modulators raloxifene and tamoxifen and of the pure antiestrogen fulvestrant on tumor growth and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in an experimental model of breast cancer. The effects of these compounds on cell proliferation were studied in primary cultures of a progestin-dependent mammary carcinoma tumor line, in the presence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or 17-beta-estradiol (E2). In in vivo studies the tumor was inoculated subcutaneously in BALB/c female mice treated with 20 mg MPA depot. Raloxifene (12.5 mg/kg) or tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) were administered in daily doses or E2 silastic pellets (5 mg) were implanted. When the tumors reached about 25-50 mm2 MPA was removed in half of the animals. E2 induced complete tumor regressions, tamoxifen inhibited tumor growth in vivo while raloxifene disclosed proliferative effects in animals in which MPA had been removed. In vitro, E2 inhibited cell proliferation at concentrations higher than 10(-14)M. Raloxifene and fulvestrant, but not tamoxifen, partially reverted E2-induced inhibition. Fulvestrant and tamoxifen inhibited MPA-induced cell proliferation while raloxifene had a stimulatory effect. Tamoxifen and E2 increased, raloxifene induced no effect, and fulvestrant significantly decreased PR expression. In this study we provide evidence for differential effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene on experimental mammary tumors. Since raloxifene is under evaluation for use in breast cancer prevention, these results may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas--CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fabris V, Lamb CA, Keck C, Aldaz CM, Merani S, Lanari C. Karyotypic evolution of four novel mouse mammary carcinoma cell lines. Identification of marker chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2003; 142:36-45. [PMID: 12660031 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the karyotypes of four different mammary carcinoma cell lines derived from a medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA)-induced mouse mammary carcinoma using G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. All the cell lines showed the same four marker chromosomes (M1-M4) as the parental tumor and also acquired new markers. M1 and M2 are Robertsonian translocations between chromosomes 1 and 10 and 2 and 17. M3 is an acrocentric marker derived from chromosomes 4, 5, and 12; M4 is derived from chromosomes 6 and 8. The parental tumor disclosed a modal number of 39, with a trisomy of chromosomes 3, 4, 10, and 11 and monosomies of 9, 13, and 16. MC4-L1 and MC4-L3 lines had a chromosome number similar to that of the parental tumor in early passages, which increased to the triploid range in late passages. MC4-L5 showed a near-diploid modal number in both early and late passages. MC4-L2 cells had a high chromosome number even in early passages. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which a complete characterization of the cytogenetics of murine mammary carcinoma cell lines and of their parental tumor is described. No associations between changes in ploidy, invasiveness, or hormone dependence were found. Conversely, the presence of one exclusive marker chromosome, a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 18 (M5), in the most aggressive and in vivo hormone-independent line suggests that this rearrangement may be associated with these biologic features. The constant presence of common marker chromosomes in both the parental tumor and the derived cell lines suggests that they are involved in the maintenance of this tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fabris
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hunt RR, Lamb CA. What causes the isolation effect? J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2001; 27:1359-66. [PMID: 11713872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Events that are incongruent with their prevailing context are usually very well remembered. This fact often is described as the distinctiveness effect in memory, an effect that has served as explanation not only of memory phenomena but also of various other phenomena, including social judgment. The core laboratory paradigm for studying distinctiveness in memory research has long been the isolation paradigm. This paradigm, sometimes attributed to H. von Restorff, yields better memory for an item categorically isolated from surrounding items than for the surrounding items and a proper control item. The authors offer an interpretation of the isolation effect based on the analysis of the processing of similarities and differences among the items. Two experiments provide evidence for this interpretation. The results are discussed in the context of current theories of distinctiveness effects in memory. An appeal is made for a different conceptualization of distinctiveness effects, one that treats distinctiveness as a discriminative process in memory that requires processing of both similarities and differences among items.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Hunt
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 27402, USA.
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Lanari C, Lüthy I, Lamb CA, Fabris V, Pagano E, Helguero LA, Sanjuan N, Merani S, Molinolo AA. Five novel hormone-responsive cell lines derived from murine mammary ductal carcinomas: in vivo and in vitro effects of estrogens and progestins. Cancer Res 2001; 61:293-302. [PMID: 11196177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an experimental model of mammary carcinogenesis in which the administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to female BALB/c mice induces progestin-dependent ductal metastatic mammary tumors with high levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). Through selective transplants in untreated mice, we have obtained progestin-independent variants, still expressing high levels of ER and PR. Primary cultures of the MPA-induced carcinomas C4-HD and C7-HI were set up, and after 3-4 months, several different cell lines were obtained. Four of these, MC4-L1, MC4-L2, MC4-L3, and MC4-L5 were established from C4-HD and a fifth, MC7-L1, from C7-HI. All cells were of epithelial origin, as demonstrated by electron microscopy and by immunocytochemical identification of cytokeratin and cadherin. In vitro MC4-L1, MC4-L3, and MC4-L5 showed a typical epithelial morphology; when transplanted in vivo, they originated metastatic carcinomas with different degrees of differentiation. MC4-L2 and MC7-L1 deviated from the standard epithelial picture; they disclosed a spindle-shaped morphology in vitro and in vivo gave rise to a biphasic spindle cell/tubular carcinoma and an anaplastic carcinoma, respectively; both lines gave rise to metastases. This differential morphology correlated with a higher degree of aggressiveness, as compared with MC4-L1, MC4-L3, and MC4-L5. ERs and PRs were detected by binding, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot. In vitro, MC4-L2 and MC7-L1 were stimulated by MPA (nM to microM) and 17beta-estradiol (nM and 10 nM); no significant stimulation was observed in MC4-L1, MC4-L3, and MC4-L5 under the same experimental conditions. In vivo, MPA significantly stimulated tumor growth in all epithelioid lines but not in MC4-L2 and MC7-L1. A progestin-dependent growth pattern was confirmed for MC4-L1, MC4-L3, and MC4-L5 in successive transplants, whereas MC4-L2 and MC7-L1 behaved as progestin independent. This is the first description of mouse mammary carcinoma cell lines expressing ER and PR. The different in vitro hormone responses as compared with in vivo and the differential effects of 17beta-estradiol in the parental tumors and in cell lines render these lines useful tools for the in vitro and in vivo study of hormone regulation of tumor growth and metastases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Division/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Erperimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Arunachalam B, Lamb CA, Cresswell P. Transport properties of free and MHC class II-associated oligomers containing different isoforms of human invariant chain. Int Immunol 1994; 6:439-51. [PMID: 8186195 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/6.3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are heterodimers of alpha and beta subunits that associate intracellularly with the invariant chain. Human invariant chain exists in four forms, p33, p35, p41, and p43, generated by a combination of alternative initiation of translation and alternative splicing. The biological significance of the existence of the different forms of invariant chain is still unclear and to date no study has compared all four using one system. We have compared them for their transport characteristics and for their ability to transport associated MHC class II heterodimers into the endocytic pathway. Here we report that hetero oligomers containing p33 and p35 or p41 and p43 remain in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the absence of class II alpha and beta chains. This is consistent with earlier reports suggesting that the N-terminal extension shared by p35 and p43 contains an ER retention signal. Homo oligomers containing only the p33 or p41 forms of invariant chain exit the ER and are sorted to endosomes following passage through the Golgi apparatus. Their accumulation leads to enlargement of the endosomes. Quantitation of the turnover rates of the p35/p33 forms with the alternatively spliced p43/p41 forms indicates that the latter are more stable, both in the ER and following transport through the Golgi apparatus. When class II molecules are co-expressed with p33 and p35, or p41 and p43, the assembled complex is efficiently transported to the endocytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Arunachalam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Lamb CA, Cresswell P. Assembly and transport properties of invariant chain trimers and HLA-DR-invariant chain complexes. The Journal of Immunology 1992. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.11.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The MHC class II-associated invariant chain behaves as a resident endoplasmic reticulum protein in the absence of class II molecules. In humans, two predominant forms exist; one, p35, differs from the other, p33, by an N-terminal cytoplasmic extension of 16 amino acids that contains a strong endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal. Here we show that one mechanism for retention of p33 is its association with p35 in mixed invariant chain trimers. However, even for p33 homotrimers transport from the endoplasmic reticulum is inefficient. In an MHC class II-positive B cell line, the formation of invariant chain trimers is rapid and is the first intermediate in the assembly of a nine-chain alpha beta-invariant chain complex. With time, three higher molecular weight complexes are progressively formed. These correspond to an invariant chain trimer with one alpha beta dimer, two alpha beta dimers, and three alpha beta dimers, respectively. No free alpha beta dimers are detectable early in biosynthesis. However, beginning at 2 h of chase, alpha beta dimers begin to appear concomitant with the disappearance of the completely assembled alpha beta-invariant chain complex. This conversion is virtually complete by 4 h, and presumably reflects the proteolytic degradation of the invariant chain component of the alpha beta-invariant chain complex and the generation of endosomal alpha beta dimers capable of binding antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - P Cresswell
- Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Lamb CA, Cresswell P. Assembly and transport properties of invariant chain trimers and HLA-DR-invariant chain complexes. J Immunol 1992; 148:3478-82. [PMID: 1588042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The MHC class II-associated invariant chain behaves as a resident endoplasmic reticulum protein in the absence of class II molecules. In humans, two predominant forms exist; one, p35, differs from the other, p33, by an N-terminal cytoplasmic extension of 16 amino acids that contains a strong endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal. Here we show that one mechanism for retention of p33 is its association with p35 in mixed invariant chain trimers. However, even for p33 homotrimers transport from the endoplasmic reticulum is inefficient. In an MHC class II-positive B cell line, the formation of invariant chain trimers is rapid and is the first intermediate in the assembly of a nine-chain alpha beta-invariant chain complex. With time, three higher molecular weight complexes are progressively formed. These correspond to an invariant chain trimer with one alpha beta dimer, two alpha beta dimers, and three alpha beta dimers, respectively. No free alpha beta dimers are detectable early in biosynthesis. However, beginning at 2 h of chase, alpha beta dimers begin to appear concomitant with the disappearance of the completely assembled alpha beta-invariant chain complex. This conversion is virtually complete by 4 h, and presumably reflects the proteolytic degradation of the invariant chain component of the alpha beta-invariant chain complex and the generation of endosomal alpha beta dimers capable of binding antigenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Section of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Lamb CA, Yewdell JW, Bennink JR, Cresswell P. Invariant chain targets HLA class II molecules to acidic endosomes containing internalized influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:5998-6002. [PMID: 2068076 PMCID: PMC52009 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.14.5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the HLA class II-associated invariant chain in the intracellular trafficking of HLA-DR molecules was examined in a transient expression system using HeLa cells. In the absence of alpha and beta polypeptides, invariant chain was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the absence of invariant chain, intracellular alpha beta heterodimers could be detected only in the ER and the Golgi apparatus. However, when alpha and beta subunits were coexpressed with invariant chain, HLA-DR molecules were detectable in peripheral cytoplasmic vesicles, which also contained invariant chain. In addition, an antibody directed to an acid-induced conformational determinant on the influenza hemagglutinin molecule detected internalized influenza virus in the HLA-DR-containing vesicles. These findings provide direct evidence that the invariant chain targets class II molecules to an acidic endosomal compartment and that this compartment, long suspected to be the site of antigen processing, is the site where class II molecules interact with natural antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Lamb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Cresswell P, Avva RR, Davis JE, Lamb CA, Riberdy JM, Roche PA. Intracellular transport and peptide binding properties of HLA class II glycoproteins. Semin Immunol 1990; 2:273-80. [PMID: 2104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein antigens internalized by an antigen presenting cell are degraded into peptides, a subset of which binds to the class II glycoproteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex to form epitopes recognized by specific T cells. Current evidence suggests that the immunogenic peptides are generated in an endosomal, acidic compartment containing internalized antigen, proteinases, and exocytic class II molecules. These exocytic class II glycoproteins are associated during transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the endosomal compartment with an additional glycoprotein, the invariant chain. Proteolytic degradation of the invariant chain in the endosomal compartment dissociates it from the class II glycoproteins, which only then acquire the capacity to bind peptides. After peptide binding occurs, the class II-peptide complexes are transported to the antigen-presenting cell surface for recognition by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cresswell
- Division of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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