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Aktar A, Bhuia S, Chowdhury R, Ferdous J, Khatun M, Hasan SA, Mia E, Hasan R, Islam MT. An Insight of Plant Source, Toxicological Profile, and Pharmacological Activities of Iridoid Loganic Acid: A ComprehensiveReview. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400874. [PMID: 39113595 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the pharmacological effects of iridoid glucoside loganic acid, a plant constituent with diverse properties, based on literature, and explores the underlying cellular mechanisms for treating several ailments. Data were collected from reliable electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, etc. The results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other protective effects of loganic acid on metabolic diseases and disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and obesity, in addition to its osteoprotective and anticancer properties. The antioxidant activity of loganic acid demonstrates its capacity to protect cells from oxidative damage and mitigates inflammation by reducing the activity of inflammatory cytokines involving TNF-α and IL-6, substantially upregulating the expression of PPAR-γ/α, and decreasing the clinical signs of inflammation-related conditions related to hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Meanwhile, loganic acid inhibits bone loss, exhibits osteoprotective properties by increasing mRNA expression levels of bone synthesizing genes such as Alpl, Bglap, and Sp7, and significantly increases osteoblastic proliferation in preosteoblast cells. Loganic acid is an anti-metastatic drug that reduces MnSOD expression, inhibits EMT and metastasis, and prevents cellular migration, proliferation, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. However, additional clinical trials are required to assess its safety, efficacy, and human dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Muslima Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emon Mia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rubel Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center Ltd., Gopalganj, 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hou CY, Hsieh CC, Hung YC, Hsu CC, Hsieh CW, Yu SH, Cheng KC. Evaluation of the amelioration effect of Ganoderma formosanum extract on delaying PM2.5 damage to lung macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300667. [PMID: 38282089 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Particulate matter (PM) contains toxic organic matter and heavy metals that enter the entire body through blood flow and may cause mortality. Ganoderma formosanum mycelium, a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has been used since ancient times, contains various active ingredients that can effectively impede inflammatory responses on murine alveolar macrophages induced by PM particles. METHODS AND RESULTS An experimental study assessing the effect of G. formosanum mycelium extract's water fraction (WA) on PM-exposed murine alveolar macrophages using ROS measurement shows that WA reduces intracellular ROS by 12% and increases cell viability by 16% when induced by PM particles. According to RNA-Sequencing, western blotting, and real-time qPCR are conducted to analyze the metabolic pathway. The WA reduces the protein ratio in p-NF-κB/NF-κB by 18% and decreases the expression of inflammatory genes, including IL-1β by 38%, IL-6 by 29%, and TNF-α by 19%. Finally, the identification of seven types of anti-inflammatory compounds in the WA fraction is achieved through UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-Elite-MS/MS analysis. These compounds include anti-inflammatory compounds, namely thiamine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, pipecolic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, D-mannitol, and L-malic acid. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the WA has the potential to alleviate the PM -induced damage in alveolar macrophages, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Che Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ci Hung
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang F, Liu L, Zhu Z, Aisa HA, Xin X. Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of active parts of Artemisia mongolica in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells based on network pharmacology analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117509. [PMID: 38030026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia mongolica is well known for its use in folk medicine, it is commonly used to alleviate a variety of diseases associated with inflammation, such as laryngitis, tonsillitis, headaches and hepatitis in northwest China. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY The most potential anti-inflammatory part (AMPA) was identified by screening individual parts of A. Mongolica. After the network pharmacological analysis, the anti-inflammation effects and molecular mechanisms of AMPA were evaluated in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS AMPA was chosen as the most anti-inflammatory of the A. Mongolica, as measured by the effect of each part of the A. Mongolica on NO and COX-2. The chemical composition of AMPA was identified using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and targets of bioactive chemicals and targets related to inflammation were found using open-source databases. The "Compound-targets" network and PPI network were established by combining compounds and overlapped targets, and targets in the PPI networks were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. The RAW26.7 cells induced by LPS were used as a model of inflammation examination. MTT assay was performed to assess the cytotoxicity of AMPA on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The level of NO was measured by the Griess method while the inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, MAPK, NF-κB signaling pathway and AMPK/Nrf2-related proteins were determined by Western blot. The results of nuclear translocation of p65 and Nrf2 were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS A total of 18 compounds with potential bioactivity were identified, and after intersecting 640 compound-predicted targets and 1608 inflammation targets, the compounds and intersected targets were utilized to structure "compound-target" and PPI networks. Among AMPA, AM6, AM7, AM11, AM8 and AM1 compounds were essential in the "compound-targets" network, meanwhile, TNF, RELA, MAPK1, NOS2, PRKAG, and PTGS2 targets play important roles in the PPI network. The top 10 terms and pathways were obtained based on GO and KEGG. The cell experiments show that 50 μg/mL was the maximum concentration of AMPA without cytotoxicity in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell model. When compared with the LPS group, AMPA treatment not only effectively suppressed the generation of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, IL-1β and MCP-1 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, but also down-regulated the expression of COX-2, iNOS and the protein levels p-ERK, p-p38, p-IκB-α and p-p65, inhibited the nuclear translocation of p65. Furthermore, the expression levels of p-LKB1, p-AMPK, Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins were up-regulated and Nrf2 nuclear translocation was promoted. CONCLUSION AMPA should be considered an anti-inflammatory agent for the results of network pharmacology and in vitro, which could inhibit the MAPK pathway and NF-κB pathway and activate the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangsheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Liu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - ZiWei Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Xuelei Xin
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Moraes VT, Caires FJ, da Silva-Neto PV, Mendonça JN, Fraga-Silva TFC, Fontanezi BB, Marcato PD, Deperon Bonato VL, Sorgi CA, Beraldo Moraes LA, Clososki GC. Naphthoquinone derivatives as potential immunomodulators: prospective for COVID-19 treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6532-6541. [PMID: 38390504 PMCID: PMC10880745 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in COVID-19, and when it becomes dysregulated, it can lead to severe outcomes, including death. Naphthoquinones, a class of cyclic organic compounds widely distributed in nature, have attracted significant interest due to their potential biological benefits. One such naphthoquinone is 3,5,8-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(5-oxohexa-1,3-dienyl)-naphthanthene-1,4-dione (3,5,8-TMON), a compound produced by fungi. Despite its structural similarity to shikonin, limited research has been conducted to investigate its biological properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3,5,8-TMON and its synthetic derivatives in the context of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro using cell cultures. 3,5,8-TMON was obtained by acid treatment of crude extracts of fermentation medium from Cordyceps sp., and two derivatives were accessed by reaction with phenylhydrazine under different conditions. The results revealed that the crude extract of the fungi (C. Ex) inhibited the activity of transcription factor NF-kB, as well as the production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) when LPS induced it in RAW 264.7 cells. This inhibitory effect was observed at effective concentrations of 12.5 and 3.12 μg mL-1. In parallel, 3,5,8-TMON and the new derivatives 3 and 4 demonstrated the ability to decrease IL-6 production while increasing TNF, with a specific effect depending on the concentration. These concentration-dependent agonist and antagonist effects were observed in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, 3,5,8-TMON inhibited IL-6 production at concentrations of 12.5 and 3.12 μg mL-1 in Calu-3 cells during SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. These findings present promising opportunities for further research into the therapeutic potential of this class of naphthoquinone in the management of inflammation and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Tassara Moraes
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil +55 16 3315-4208
| | - Franco Jazon Caires
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil +55 16 3315-4208
| | - Pedro V da Silva-Neto
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-901 SP Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Nakau Mendonça
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil +55 16 3315-4208
| | - Thais F C Fraga-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas-UFAL Maceió 57072-900 AL Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-900 SP Brazil
| | - Bianca Bueno Fontanezi
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil
| | - Priscyla Daniely Marcato
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil
| | - Vania Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-900 SP Brazil
| | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-901 SP Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-901 SP Brazil
| | - Giuliano Cesar Clososki
- Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo-USP Ribeirão Preto 14040-903 SP Brazil +55 16 3315-4208
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Liu T, Han R, Yan Y. Preliminary study on molecular mechanism of COVID-19 intervention by Polygonum cuspidatum through computer bioinformatics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36918. [PMID: 38215091 PMCID: PMC10783314 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of action of Polygonum cuspidatum in intervening in coronavirus disease 2019 using a network pharmacology approach and to preliminarily elucidate its mechanism. The active ingredients and action targets of P cuspidatum were classified and summarized using computer virtual technology and molecular informatics methods. The active ingredients and relevant target information of P cuspidatum were identified using the TCM Systematic Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, the TCM Integrated Pharmacology Research Platform v2.0, and the SwissTarget database. The GENECARDS database was used to search for COVID-19 targets. The STRING database was analyzed and combined with Cytoscape 3.7.1 software to construct a protein interaction network map to screen the core targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was then performed. The core compound, polydatin, was selected and the core targets were analyzed by computer virtual docking using software such as discovery studio autodock tool. In vitro cell models were constructed to experimentally validate the activity of the core compound, polydatin. By computer screening, we identified 9 active ingredients and their corresponding 286 targets from P cuspidatum. A search of the GENECARDS database for COVID-19 yielded 303 core targets. By mapping the active ingredient targets to the disease targets, 27 overlapping targets could be extracted as potential targets for the treatment of COVID-19 with P cuspidatum. In addition, the enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway on core targets showed that the coronavirus disease, MAPK signaling pathway, NF kappa B signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways were highly enriched. Combined with the degree-high target analysis in the protein interaction network, it was found to be mainly concentrated in the NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, indicating that the NF-κB signaling pathway may be an important pathway for P cuspidatum intervention. In vitro assays showed no effect of 0.1 to 10 μM polydatin on cell viability, but an inhibitory effect on the transcriptional activity of NF-κB-RE. Molecular docking showed stable covalent bonding of polydatin molecules with Il-1β protein at residue leu-26, TNF protein ser-60, residue gly-121, and residue ile-258 of ICAM-1 protein, indicating a stable docking result. The treatment of COVID-19 with P cuspidatum is characterized by multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway, which can exert a complex network of regulatory effects through the interaction between different targets, providing a new idea and basis for further exploration of the mechanism of action of P cuspidatum in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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He X, Cui J, Li H, Zhou Y, Wu X, Jiang C, Xu Z, Wang R, Xiong L. Antipyretic effects of Xiangqin Jiere granules on febrile young rats revealed by combining pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, network pharmacology, molecular biology experiments and molecular docking strategies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38197809 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2301761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Xiangqin Jiere granules (XQJRG) is a proprietary Chinese medicine treating children's colds and fevers, but its mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the antipyretic mechanisms of XQJRG based on pharmacodynamics, non-targeted metabolomics, network pharmacology, molecular biology experiments, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Firstly, the yeast-induced fever model was constructed in young rats to study antipyretic effect of XQJRG. Metabolomics and network pharmacology studies were performed to identify the key compounds, targets and pathways involved in the antipyretic of XQJRG. Subsequently, MetScape was used to jointly analyze targets from network pharmacology and metabolites from metabolomics. Finally, the key targets were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the affinity and stability of key ingredient and targets were evaluated by molecular docking and MD simulation. The animal experimental results showed that after XQJRG treatment, body temperature of febrile rats was significantly reduced, 13 metabolites were significantly modulated, and pathways of differential metabolite enrichment were mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. Network pharmacology results indicated that quercetin and kaempferol were the key active components of XQJRG, TNF, AKT1, IL6, IL1B and PTGS2 were core targets. ELISA confirmed that XQJRG significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the hypothalamic concentrations of COX-2 and PGE2. Molecular docking demonstrated that the binding energies of kaempferol to the core targets were all below -5.0 kcal/mol. MD simulation results showed that the binding free energies of TNF-kaempferol, IL6-kaempferol, IL1B-kaempferol and PTGS2-kaempferol were -87.86 kcal/mol, -70.41 kcal/mol, -69.95 kcal/mol and -106.67 kcal/mol, respectively. In conclusion, XQJRG has antipyretic effects on yeast-induced fever in young rats, and its antipyretic mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of peripheral pyrogenic cytokines release by constituents such as kaempferol, the reduction of hypothalamic fever mediator production, and the amelioration of disturbances in amino acid and lipid metabolism.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jieqiong Cui
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huayan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xinchen Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Chunrong Jiang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhichang Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Chen X, Yu S, Wang P, Zhao X, Sang G. Development and Evaluation of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan-modified Phytosome for Co-delivery of Oxymatrine and Glycyrrhizin for Combination Therapy. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2024; 19:154-164. [PMID: 38214355 DOI: 10.2174/1574892818666230215112942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major obstacle to efficient cancer chemotherapy. Combination therapy is expected to enhance the anticancer effect and reverse MDR. Numerous patents involve different kinds of nanoparticles for the co-delivery of multiple chemotherapeutics, but the FDA has approved none. OBJECTIVE In this study, oxymatrine (OMT) and glycyrrhizin (GL) were co-loaded into phytosomes as the core of nanocarriers, and the shell was cross-linked with chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) with the capability for the controlled, sequential release and the targeted drug uptake. METHODS Phospholipid complexes of OMT and GL (OGPs) were prepared by a solvent evaporation technique and could self-assemble in an aqueous solution to form phytosomes. CS and HA were sequentially coated on the surface of OGPs via electrostatic interactions to obtain CS coated OGPs (CS-OGPs) and HA modified CS-OGPs (HA-CS-OGPs), respectively. The particle size and zeta potential were measured to optimize the formulations. In vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake experiments on HepG2 cells were performed to evaluate the anticancer activity. RESULTS OGPs were obtained with nano-size around 100 nm, and CS and HA coating on phytosomes could change the particle size and surface potential. The drug loading of OMT and GL showed that the nanocarriers could maintain a fixed ratio of 1:1. The in vitro release experiments indicated the release of OMT and GL was pH-dependent and sequential: the release of OMT from CS-OGPs and HA-CS-OGPs was significantly increased at pH 5.0 compared to the release at pH 7.4, while GL exhibited sustained released from CS-OGPs and HA-CS-OGPs at pH 5.0. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity and cellular uptake experiments on HepG2 cells demonstrated that the co-delivery system based on phytosomes had significant synergistic anti-tumor activities, and the effects were enhanced by CS and HA modification. CONCLUSION The delivery of OMT and GL via HA-CS-OGPs might be a promising treatment to reverse MDR in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuying Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - XinFeng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Gao Sang
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
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Huang Y, He Z, Zhou H, Wen Y, Ji X, Ding W, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Yang K, Wang Y. The Treatment of Tubal Inflammatory Infertility using Yinjia Tablets through EGFR/MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway based on Network Pharmacology. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:499-509. [PMID: 38572608 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010234591230919074245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Background: Salpingitis obstructive infertility (SOI) refers to infertility caused by abnormal conditions such as tubal adhesion and blockage caused by acute and chronic salpingitis. SOI has a serious impact on women's physical and mental health and family harmony, and it is a clinical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore the potential pharmacological mechanisms of the Yinjia tablets (Yin Jia Pian, YJP) on tubal inflammation. Methods: Networks of YJP-associated targets and tubal inflammation-related genes were constructed through the STRING database. Potential targets and pathway enrichment analysis related to the therapeutic efficacy of YJP were identified using Cytoscape and Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (metascape). E. coli was used to establish a rat model of tubal inflammation and to validate the predictions of network pharmacology and the therapeutic efficacy of YJP. H&E staining was used to observe the pathological changes in fallopian tubes. TEM observation of the ultrastructure of the fallopian tubes. ELISA was used to detect the changes of IL-6 and TNF-α in fallopian tubes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of ESR1. The changes of Bcl-2, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, MEK, p-MEK, EGFR, and p-EGFR were detected by western blot. Results: Through database analysis, it was found that YJP shared 105 identical targets with the disease. Network pharmacology analysis showed that IL-6, TNF, and EGFR belong to the top 5 core proteins associated with salpingitis, and EGFR/MEK/ERK may be the main pathway involved. The E. coli-induced disease rat model of fallopian tube tissue showed damage, mitochondrial disruption, and increased levels of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. Tubal inflammatory infertility rats have increased expression of Bcl-2, p-ERK1/2, p-MEK, and p-EGFR, and decreased expression of ESR1. In vivo, experiments showed that YJP improved damage of tissue, inhibited shedding of tubal cilia, and suppressed the inflammatory response of the body. Furthermore, YJP inhibited EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling, inhibited the apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and upregulated ESR1. Conclusion: This study revealed that YJP Reducing tubal inflammation and promoting tissue repair may be associated with inhibition of the EGFR/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhelin He
- Guang'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guang'an, Sichuan, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ji
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Boyu Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Wang Y, Tan N, Su R, Liu Z, Hu N, Dong Q. Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Action of Gentiana Veitchiorum Hemsl. Extract in the Treatment of Cholestasis using UPLC-MS/MS, Systematic Network Pharmacology, and Molecular Docking. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1948-1968. [PMID: 38357941 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073275657231210055250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl. (GV) has a long history in Tibetan medicine for treating hepatobiliary disease cholestasis. However, the mechanisms mediating its efficacy in treating cholestasis have yet to be determined. AIM To elucidate the mechanisms of action of GV in the treatment of cholestasis, an integrated approach combining ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis with network pharmacology was established. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of GV was achieved by UPLC-MS/MS. Subsequently, a network pharmacology method that integrated target prediction, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene set enrichment analysis, and a component- target-pathway network was established, and finally, molecular docking and experiments in vitro were conducted to verify the predicted results. RESULTS Twenty compounds that were extracted from GV were identified by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Core proteins such as AKT1, TNF, and IL6 were obtained through screening in the Network pharmacology PPI network. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of the Genome (KEGG) pathway predicted that GV could treat cholestasis by acting on signaling pathways such as TNF/IL-17 / PI3K-Akt. Network pharmacology suggested that GV might exert a therapeutic effect on cholestasis by regulating the expression levels of inflammatory mediators, and the results were further confirmed by the subsequent construction of an LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model. CONCLUSIONS In this study, UPLC-MS/MS analysis, network pharmacology, and experiment validation were used to explore potential mechanisms of action of GV in the treatment of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Nixia Tan
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Rong Su
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, China
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10
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Kan S, Liu C, Zhao X, Feng S, Zhu H, Ma B, Zhou M, Fu X, Hu W, Zhu R. Resveratrol improves the prognosis of rats after spinal cord injury by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19723. [PMID: 37957210 PMCID: PMC10643657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition that results in irreparable nerve damage and severe loss of motor or sensory function. Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihy- droxystilbene) is a naturally occurring plant-based polyphenol that has demonstrated powerful antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic pharmaceutical properties in previous studies. In the central nervous system, it promotes neuronal recovery and protects residual function. However, the role of resveratrol in SCI recovery remains elusive. In this study, the potential mechanisms by which resveratrol affect SCI in rats were assessed by constructing a contusion model of SCI. Resveratrol was intraperitoneally administered to rats. Behavioral scores and electrophysiological examinations were performed to assess functional recovery. After magnetic resonance imaging and staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Luxor Fast Blue (LFB), tissue recovery was analyzed. Immunofluorescence with NeuN and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was employed to evaluate neuronal survival and glial changes. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to examine apoptotic rates. Moreover, network pharmacology was performed to identify relevant pathways of resveratrol for the treatment of SCI. Lastly, ELISA was performed to detect the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6. Our findings revealed that resveratrol dramatically improved the hindlimb locomotor function and their electrophysiological outcomes. Notably, lesion size was significantly reduced on magnetic resonance imaging. HE and LFB staining exposed increased sparseness of tissue and myelin. GFAP and NeuN immunofluorescence assays at the lesion site determined that resveratrol boosted neuronal survival and attenuated glial cell overgrowth. In addition, resveratrol reduced the density and number of TUNEL-positive cells in rats after injury. Additionally, gene ontology analysis revealed that the enriched differentially expressed protein was associated with the JNK/p38MAPK (c-jun N-terminal kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. Following resveratrol treatment, the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were decreased. In summary, the administration of resveratrol protects motor function and neuronal survival in rats after SCI. Furthermore, resveratrol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by blocking the JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunli Kan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Sa Feng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xuanhao Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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11
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Fan Z, Wang S, Xu C, Yang J, Cui B. Mechanisms of action of Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid in treating condyloma acuminatum by network pharmacology and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 37081536 PMCID: PMC10116837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the anomalous proliferation of keratinocytes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid (FFGL) is an effective externally administered prescription used to treat CA; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and experimentally validate the major active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL. METHODS Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and enrichment analysis were used to identify the active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL, which were confirmed through subsequent experimental validation using mass spectrometry, molecular docking, western blotting, and in vitro assays. RESULTS The network pharmacology analysis revealed that FFGL contains a total of 78 active compounds, which led to the screening of 610 compound-related targets. Among them, 59 overlapped with CA targets and were considered to be targets with potential therapeutic effects. The protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that protein kinase B (Akt) serine/threonine kinase 1 was a potential therapeutic target. To further confirm this result, we performed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) assays on HPV 18+ cells after FFGL exposure and conducted enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed genes that were screened. The enrichment analysis results indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway may be a key pathway through which FFGL exerts its effects. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FFGL significantly inhibited the activity of HPV 18+ cells and reduced PI3K and Akt protein levels. A rescue experiment indicated that the reduction in cell viability induced by FFGL was partially restored after the administration of activators of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We further screened two active components of FFCL that may be efficacious in the treatment of CA: periplogenin and periplocymarin. The molecular docking experiments showed that these two compounds exhibited good binding activity to Akt1. CONCLUSION FFGL reduced HPV 18+ cell viability by inhibiting key proteins in the PI3K/Akt pathway; this pathway may represent an essential mechanism through which FFGL treats CA. Periplogenin and periplocymarin may play a significant role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Fan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingnan Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Ramprasath T, Natarajan N, Gopas J, Subbiah R, Rajendran P, Vaiyapuri S. Editorial: Development of novel small molecules as therapeutics for inflammatory diseases and delineating their molecular mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1088908. [PMID: 36506520 PMCID: PMC9731149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1088908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Tharmarajan Ramprasath, ; Nandakumar Natarajan,
| | - Nandakumar Natarajan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Tharmarajan Ramprasath, ; Nandakumar Natarajan,
| | - Jacob Gopas
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ramasamy Subbiah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai, Madurai, India
| | - Peramaiyan Rajendran
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Huang Y, Song C, He J, Li M. Research progress in endothelial cell injury and repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997272. [PMID: 36176426 PMCID: PMC9513221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, which are important metabolic and endocrine cells, play an important role in regulating vascular function. The occurrence and development of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of vascular endothelial injury is not fully understood. It has been reported that the mechanism of endothelial injury mainly involves inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells are regarded as important contributors in repairing damaged endothelium. Multiple interventions (including chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicines) exert endothelial protection by decreasing the release of inducing factors, suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, and preventing endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Huang
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chong Song
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Affiliated to University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
| | - Min Li
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
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14
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Harata-Lee Y, Qu Z, Bateman E, Xiao X, Keller MD, Bowen J, Wang W, Adelson DL. Compound Kushen injection reduces severity of radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis in rats. Front Oncol 2022; 12:929735. [PMID: 36033515 PMCID: PMC9403047 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.929735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucositis, or damage/injury to mucous membranes of the alimentary, respiratory, or genitourinary tract, is the major side effect associated with anticancer radiotherapies. Because there is no effective treatment for mucositis at present, this is a particular issue as it limits the dose of therapy in cancer patients and significantly affects their quality of life. Gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) occurs in patients receiving radiotherapies to treat cancers of the stomach, abdomen, and pelvis. It involves inflammation and ulceration of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causing diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating. However, there is currently no effective treatment for this debilitating condition. In this study, we investigated the potential of a type of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), compound Kushen injection (CKI), as a treatment for GIM. It has previously been shown that major groups of chemical compounds found in CKI have anti-inflammatory effects and are capable of inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intraperitoneal administration of CKI to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats that concurrently received abdominal irradiation over five fractions resulted in reduced severity of GIM symptoms compared to rats administered a vehicle control. Histological examination of the intestinal tissues revealed significantly less damaged villus epithelium in CKI-administered rats that had reduced numbers of apoptotic cells in the crypts. Furthermore, it was also found that CKI treatment led to decreased levels of inflammatory factors including lower levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO)-producing cells in the intestinal mucosa. Together, our data indicate a novel effect of CKI to reduce the symptoms of radiation-induced GIM by inhibiting inflammation in the mucosa and apoptosis of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Harata-Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma Bateman
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Xi Xiao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marianne D. Keller
- Preclinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanne Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhendong Research Institute, Zhendong Pharmaceutical, Beijing, China
| | - David L. Adelson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: David L. Adelson,
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15
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The Chloroform Extracts of Vietnamese Sophora flavescens Ait. Inhibit the Proliferation of HepG2 Cells through Apoptosis Induction. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of Sophora flavescens Ait. root extract on the proliferation of human hepatoma cell line HepG2. HPLC-UV analysis showed that the highest matrine and oxymatrine contents were obtained in the chloroform extract, compared to ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract. The morphological analysis revealed that the chloroform extract of Sophora flavescens Ait. (SFA-CHCl3 extract) induced alterations of HepG2 cell morphology, resulting in the shrinkage of cells, the formation of debris, and cell detachment. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was inhibited by SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. Cell cycle analysis exhibited that the cell proportion of the G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells with SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment was decreased, while the cell proportion of the G2/M phase was increased. Flow cytometry analysis indicated a dramatic increase in the apoptotic percentage of HepG2 cells over the time of SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment. The SFA-CHCl3 extract also caused morphological changes in HepG2 nuclear, including chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. SFA-CHCl3 extract treatment induced the bax up-regulation and the bcl-2 down-regulation in HepG2 cells. These results revealed that SFA-CHCl3 extract could be a potential apoptosis inducer in HepG2 cells.
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Lu F, Wu X, Hu H, Zhang J, Song X, Jin X, Chen L, Sun J, Chen H. Yangonin treats inflammatory osteoporosis by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and RANKL expression. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1445-1458. [PMID: 35451724 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the main cause of osteoporosis, abnormal activity of osteoclasts could disrupt the balance between bone resorption and formation. Moreover, up-regulation of nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL) expression by chronic inflammation-mediated inflammatory factors might contribute to the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells. Therefore, an anti-inflammatory agent named yangonin was presented for inhibiting osteoclast and relieving inflammatory osteoporosis through down-regulating inflammatory factors. METHODS We established a model of macrophage inflammation and then verified the anti-inflammatory effect of yangonin. The inhibitory effect of yangonin on osteoclasts was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Finally, micro-CT, TRAP and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to show the effect of yangonin on inflammatory osteoporosis in vivo. RESULTS Our results suggested that yangonin was able to reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors, down-regulate osteoclast-related genes such as TRAP, RANKL, cathepsin K (CTSK) and nuclear factor-activated T-cell 1 (NFATc1). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that yangonin could suppress the function of inflammatory cytokines in osteoclast differentiation and reporting, wherein NF-κB, AKT and downstream c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathways were involved. In an in vivo study, we implied that yangonin has a relieving effect on inflammatory osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Our research shows that yangonin down-regulates inflammatory factors and inhibits the bone-breaking effect of inflammation through NF-κB, AKT and downstream c-Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathways to achieve the purpose of treating inflammatory osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Gucheng Street, Linhai City, Taizhou City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinhui Wu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Huiqun Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Xiaoting Song
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Xiangang Jin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Gucheng Street, Linhai City, Taizhou City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Jiacheng Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China
| | - Haixiao Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. .,Department of Orthopedic, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, No. 150 Ximen Street, Gucheng Street, Linhai City, Taizhou City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Enze Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China.
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Insights into the leaves of Ceriscoides campanulata: Natural proanthocyanidins alleviate diabetes, inflammation, and esophageal squamous cell cancer via in vitro and in silico models. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105164. [PMID: 35217120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen flavones (1-14) including twelve polymethoxylated flavones, two A-type proanthocyanidins (oligomeric flavonoids) (15, 16), one benzoyl glucoside (17), one triterpenoid (18), and one phenylpropanoid (19) were isolated from the leaves of the South Asian medicinal plant Ceriscoides campanulata (Roxb.) Tirveng (Rubiaceae). The structures of the compounds were identified based on their spectroscopic and spectrometric data and in comparison with literature data. Isolated compounds were tested in vitro against inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line (TE13), and carbohydrate digestion enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase). Proanthocyanidins 15 and 16 significantly attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response of COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. Proanthocyanidins also satisfactorily inhibited the regrowth (64%), migration (51%), and formation of tumor-sphere (48%) in ESCC cell line TE13 at 50% toxic concentration. Compounds 15 and 16 showed the most potent effect against mammalian α-amylase (IC50 8.4 ± 0.3 μM and 3.5 ± 0.02 μM, respectively) compared to reference standard acarbose (IC50 5.9 ± 0.1 μM). As yeast α-glucosidase inhibitors, compounds 15 and 16 also displayed significant activities (IC50 6.2 ± 0.3 and 4.7 ± 0.1 μM, respectively), while compounds 1-6 displayed weaker α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, ranging from 49 to 142 μM, compared to acarbose (IC50 665 ± 42 μM). In an anticholinesterase assay, compounds 1, 2, 6 (IC50 51 ± 2, 53 ± 7, 64 ± 5 μM, respectively), and 4 (IC50 44 ± 1 μM) showed moderate inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analyses of compounds 15 and 16 were performed against human pancreatic α-amylase and human lysosomal acid α-glucosidase to elucidate the interactions of these compounds in the respective enzymes' active sites.
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Jin X, Xu H, Huang C, Ma H, Xiong X, Cheng L, Wang F, Feng Y, Zhang G. A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Danshen Baibixiao Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749626. [PMID: 34925011 PMCID: PMC8678074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Danshen Baibixiao (DB) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula, which has been used to treat psoriasis for decades. Although DB shows good efficacy in clinical practice, the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of DB remain elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-psoriatic effects of DB and explore its underlying mechanisms in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Materials and methods: DB was orally administered on IMQ-induced psoriatic mice. Psoriasis area severity index (PASI) was used to evaluate the severity of the inflammation in skin, and histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-22 in serum were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA expressions of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-6 and IL-22 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression levels of proteins related to NF-κB, STAT3 and MAPKs signaling pathways were measured by western blotting (WB). Results: DB significantly ameliorated the psoriatic symptoms in IMQ-induced mice. The serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-23, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-22) were decreased, and mRNA expressions of IL-17A, IL-23, IL-6 and IL-22 in skin tissues were down-regulated. Moreover, WB analysis indicated that DB inhibited the activation of NF-κB, STAT3 and MAPKs signaling pathways. Conclusion: This study confirms the anti-psoriatic activity of DB in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mice. The possible mechanism may relate to the activities of regulating the IL-23/TH-17 axis and suppressing the activation of NF-κB, STAT3 and MAPKs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfeng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanqi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
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Tang KT, Lin CC, Lin SC, Wang JH, Tsai SW. Kurarinone Attenuates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice by Inhibiting Th1/Th17 Cell Responses and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084002. [PMID: 33924467 PMCID: PMC8069507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Kurarinone is a flavanone, extracted from Sophora flavescens Aiton, with multiple biological effects. Here, we determine the therapeutic potential of kurarinone and elucidate the interplay between kurarinone and the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Arthritis was recapitulated by induction of bovine collagen II (CII) in DBA/1 mice as a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. After the establishment of the CIA, kurarinone was given orally from day 21 to 42 (100 mg/kg/day) followed by determination of the severity based on a symptom scoring scale and with histopathology. Levels of cytokines, anti-CII antibodies, and the proliferation and lineages of T cells from the draining lymph nodes were measured using ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressional changes, including STAT1, STAT3, Nrf2, KEAP-1, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) changes in the paw tissues, were evaluated by Western blot assay. Oxidative stress featured with malondiadehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activities in paw tissues were also evaluated. Results showed that kurarinone treatment reduced arthritis severity of CIA mice, as well as their levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-17A, in the serum and paw tissues. T cell proliferation was also reduced by kurarinone even under the stimulation of CII and anti-CD3 antibody. In addition, kurarinone reduced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and the proportions of Th1 and Th17 cells in lymph nodes. Moreover, kurarinone suppressed the production of MDA and H2O2. All while promoting enzymatic activities of key antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GSH-Px. In the paw tissues, upregulation of Nrf-2 and HO-1, and downregulation of KEAP-1 were observed. Overall, kurarinone showed an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and an antioxidant effect exerted in part through activating the Nrf-2/KEAP-1 pathway. These beneficial effects in CIA mice contributed to the amelioration of their arthritis, indicating that kurarinone might be an adjunct treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Tung Tang
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-T.T.); (C.-C.L.)
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-T.T.); (C.-C.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Science, The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;
| | - Jou-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
| | - Sen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Hwang SJ, Song YS, Lee HJ. Phaseolin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells and Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040420. [PMID: 33924583 PMCID: PMC8069760 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kushen (Radix Sophorae flavescentis) is used to treat ulcerative colitis, tumors, and pruritus. Recently, phaseolin, formononetin, matrine, luteolin, and quercetin, through a network pharmacology approach, were tentatively identified as five bioactive constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of S. flavescentis. However, the role of phaseolin (one of the primary components of S. flavescentis) in the direct regulation of inflammation and inflammatory processes is not well known. In this study, the beneficial role of phaseolin against inflammation was explored in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation models of RAW 264.7 macrophages and zebrafish larvae. Phaseolin inhibited LPS-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability. In addition, phaseolin suppressed pro-inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phaseolin reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity as well as macrophage adhesion in vitro and the recruitment of leukocytes in vivo by downregulating Ninjurin 1 (Ninj1), an adhesion molecule. Finally, phaseolin inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In view of the above, our results suggest that phaseolin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-290-7731; Fax: +82-50-4363-2221
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