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Dabravolski SA, Isayenkov SV. The Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Silicon Action in Salt Stress Amelioration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:525. [PMID: 38498577 PMCID: PMC10893008 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most common abiotic stress factors affecting different biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibiting plant growth, and greatly reducing productivity. During the last decade, silicon (Si) supplementation was intensively studied and now is proposed as one of the most convincing methods to improve plant tolerance to salt stress. In this review, we discuss recent papers investigating the role of Si in modulating molecular, biochemical, and physiological processes that are negatively affected by high salinity. Although multiple reports have demonstrated the beneficial effects of Si application in mitigating salt stress, the exact molecular mechanism underlying these effects is not yet well understood. In this review, we focus on the localisation of Si transporters and the mechanism of Si uptake, accumulation, and deposition to understand the role of Si in various relevant physiological processes. Further, we discuss the role of Si supplementation in antioxidant response, maintenance of photosynthesis efficiency, and production of osmoprotectants. Additionally, we highlight crosstalk of Si with other ions, lignin, and phytohormones. Finally, we suggest some directions for future work, which could improve our understanding of the role of Si in plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, Karmiel 2161002, Israel;
| | - Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Baidi-Vyshneveckogo Str. 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Shahzadi E, Nawaz M, Iqbal N, Ali B, Adnan M, Saleem MH, Okla MK, Abbas ZK, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Marc RA. Silicic and Ascorbic Acid Induced Modulations in Photosynthetic, Mineral Uptake, and Yield Attributes of Mung Bean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) under Ozone Stress. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13971-13981. [PMID: 37091383 PMCID: PMC10116534 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the world's crop production and plant growth are anticipated to be seriously threatened by the increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) levels. The current study demonstrates how different mung bean genotypes reacted to the elevated level of O3 in the presence of exogenous ascorbic and silicic acid treatments. It is the first report to outline the potential protective effects of ascorbic and silicic acid applications against O3 toxicity in 12 mung bean {Vigna radiata (L.) Wilken} varieties. Under controlled circumstances, the present investigation was conducted in a glass house. There were four different treatments used: control (ambient O3 concentration of 40-45 ppb), elevated O3 (120 ppb), elevated O3 with silicic acid (0.1 mM), and elevated O3 with ascorbic acid (10 mM). Three varieties, viz. NM 20-21, NM 2006, and NM 2016, showcased tolerance to O3 toxicity. Our findings showed that ascorbic and silicic acid applications gradually increased yield characteristics such as seed yield, harvest index, days to maturity, and characteristics related to gas exchange such as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic activity, and water-use efficiency. Compared to the control, applying both growth regulators enhanced the mineral uptake across all treatments. Based on the findings of the current study, it is concluded that the subject mung bean genotypes responded to silicic acid treatment more efficiently than ascorbic acid to mitigate the harmful effects of O3 stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eram Shahzadi
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department
of Botany, Government College University
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department
of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- School
of Environment and Natural Resources, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1132, United States
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office
of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khorshid Abbas
- Biology
Department,
College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology
Department, University College of Taymma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology
Department, University College of Taymma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food
Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary
Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Mănă̧stur Street, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania
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Tao Y, Liu C, Piao L, Yang F, Liu J, Jan MF, Li M. Effect of Mn Deficiency on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Different Genotypes Seedlings in Maize ( Zea mays L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1407. [PMID: 36987095 PMCID: PMC10051073 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Manganese deficiency critically impairs the function and stability of photosystem II (PSII) and negatively impacts crop growth and yield. However, the response mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to Mn deficiency in different genotypes of maize and the differences in Mn deficiency tolerance are unclear. Herein, three different genotypes of maize seedlings (sensitive genotype: Mo17, tolerant genotype: B73, and B73 × Mo17) were exposed to Mn deficiency treatment for 16 days using liquid culture with different concentrations of MnSO4 [0.00, 2.23, 11.65, and 22.30 mg/L (control)]. We found that complete Mn deficiency significantly reduced maize seedling biomass; negatively affected the photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters; and depressed nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase activity. This resulted in reduced leaf and root nitrogen uptake, with Mo17 being most severely inhibited. B73 and B73 × Mo17 maintained higher sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities and lower neutral convertase activity compared to Mo17, which resulted in higher accumulation of soluble sugars and sucrose and maintenance of the osmoregulation capacity of leaves, which helped mitigate damage caused by Mn deficiency. The findings revealed the physiological regulation mechanism of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in different genotypes of maize seedlings that resist Mn deficiency stress, providing a theoretical basis for developing high yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhao Tao
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Changzhuang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Lin Piao
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fuqiang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Muhammad Faheem Jan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
| | - Ming Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.T.)
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Alam P, Balawi TA, Qadir SU, Ahmad P. Gibberellic Acid and Silicon Ameliorate NaCl Toxicity in Brassica juncea: Possible Involvement of Antioxidant System and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1210. [PMID: 36986898 PMCID: PMC10058815 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work was carried out to observe the combined impact of exogenous applications of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Silicon (Si) on Brassica juncea under salt (NaCl) stress. Application of GA3 and Si enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of (APX, CAT, GR, SOD) in B. juncea seedlings under NaCl toxicity. The exogenous Si application decreased Na+ uptake and enhanced the K+ and Ca2+ in salt stressed B. juncea. Moreover, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Chlorophyll-b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll (T-Chl), carotenoids and relative water content (RWC) in the leaves declined under salt stress, which were ameorialated after GA3 and Si supplementation individually and in combination. Further, the introduction of Si to NaCl treated B. juncea help in alleviating the negative effects of NaCl toxicity on biomass and biochemical activities. The levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increase significantly with NaCl treatments, subsequently resulting in enhanced peroxidation of membrane lipids (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL). The reduced levels of H2O2 and enhanced antioxidantactivities in Si and GA3 supplemented plants demonstrated the stress mitigating efficiency. In conclusion, it was observed that Si and GA3 application alleviated NaCl toxicity in B. juncea plants through enhanced production of different osmolytes and an antioxidant defence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Al Balawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah Qadir
- Department of Environmental Sciences Government, College for Women, Udhampur 182101, India
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Jammu and Kashmir, Pulwama 192301, India
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Meng F, Feng N, Zheng D, Liu M, Zhang R, Huang X, Huang A, Chen Z. Exogenous Hemin alleviates NaCl stress by promoting photosynthesis and carbon metabolism in rice seedlings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3497. [PMID: 36859499 PMCID: PMC9977858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that salt stress restricts rice growth and productivity severely. However, little information is available regarding the stage of rice seedlings subjected to the Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inducer, Hemin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of salt stress on two rice varieties (Huanghuazhan and Xiangliangyou 900) and the effect of Hemin in promoting photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and key enzymes under salt-stress conditions. At the stage of three leaves and one heart, Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and Xiangliangyou 900 (XLY900) were sprayed with 5 μmol·L-1 Hemin and then subjected to 50 mM NaCl stress. The results showed that NaCl stress decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased remarkably and the starch content was also lowered. However, NaCl treatment enhanced the concentration of sucrose and soluble sugar, simultaneously enhancing the sucrose metabolism. Nevertheless, the foliar spraying of exogenous Hemin mediated the increase in fructose and starch content, along with the activities of key enzymes' soluble acid invertase (SAInv), basic/neutral invertase (A/N-Inv), and sucrose synthase (SS) in rice leaves under NaCl stress. The sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in leaves decreased significantly, and the fructose accumulation in leaves increased. Hemin also mediated the increase of starch content and the α-amylase, total amylase, and starch phosphorylase (SP) activities under NaCl stress. Under stress conditions, the application of the Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor, ZnPP failed to alleviate the damage to rice seedlings by NaCl stress. The ZnPP treatment showed similar tendency to the NaCl treatment on pigment content, gas exchange parameters and carbon metabolism related products and enzymes. However, ZnPP decreased carotenoids, fructose, starch content and enzyme activities related to starch metabolism. The regulation effect of Hemin on HuangHuaZhan was better than XiangLiangYou 900. These results indicate that Hemin improved the effects of salt stress on the photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of rice leaves as a result of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, Hemin could alleviate the damage caused by salt stress to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Meng
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China ,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China. .,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China. .,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Meiling Liu
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China ,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
| | - Rongjun Zhang
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China ,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
| | - Xixin Huang
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China ,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
| | - Anqi Huang
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China ,National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
| | - Ziming Chen
- grid.411846.e0000 0001 0685 868XCollege of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008 China
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Samynathan R, Venkidasamy B, Ramya K, Muthuramalingam P, Shin H, Kumari PS, Thangavel S, Sivanesan I. A Recent Update on the Impact of Nano-Selenium on Plant Growth, Metabolism, and Stress Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:853. [PMID: 36840201 PMCID: PMC9964709 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a microelement that plays an important nutrient role by influencing various physiological and biochemical traits in plants. It has been shown to stimulate plant metabolism, enhancing secondary metabolites and lowering abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Globally, the enormous applications of nanotechnology in the food and agricultural sectors have vastly expanded. Nanoselenium is more active than bulk materials, and various routes of synthesis of Se nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been reported in which green synthesis using plants is more attractive due to a reduction in ecological issues and an increase in biological activities. The Se-NP-based biofortification is more significant because it increases plant stress tolerance and positively impacts their metabolism. Se-NPs can enhance plant resistance to various oxidative stresses, promote growth, enhance soil nutrient status, enhance plant antioxidant levels, and participate in the transpiration process. Additionally, they use a readily available, biodegradable reducing agent and are ecologically friendly. This review concentrates on notable information on the different modes of Se-NPs' synthesis and characterization, their applications in plant growth, yield, and stress tolerance, and their influence on the metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Samynathan
- R&D Division, Alchem Diagnostics, No. 1/1, Gokhale Street, Ram Nagar, Coimbatore 641009, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramya
- Department of Biotechnology, CMS College of Science and Commerce, Coimbatore 641049, India
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Pandy Saravana Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641402, India
| | - Sivakumar Thangavel
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi 626124, India
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Sarkar MM, Mukherjee S, Mathur P, Roy S. Exogenous nano-silicon application improves ion homeostasis, osmolyte accumulation and palliates oxidative stress in Lens culinaris under NaCl stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:143-161. [PMID: 36242906 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lentil is one of the highly nutritious legumes but is highly susceptible to salinity stress. Silicon has been known to reduce the effect of various environmental stresses including salinity. Moreover, silicon when applied in its nano-form is expected to augment the beneficial attributes of silicon. However, very little is known regarding the prospect of nano-silicon (nSi) application for alleviating the effect of salinity stress in non-silicified plants like lentil. In this study, the primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of nSi in the alleviation of NaCl stress during germination and early vegetative stages. In this context, different concentrations of nSi (0, 1, 5, 10 g L-1) was applied along with four different concentrations of NaCl (0, 100, 200, 300 mM). The results indicated the uptake of nSi which was confirmed by the better accumulation of silica in the plant tissues. Most importantly, the enhanced accumulation of silica increased the K+/Na+ ratio of the NaCl-stressed seedlings. Moreover, nSi efficiently improved germination, growth, photosynthetic pigments, and osmotic balance. On the other hand, the relatively reduced activities of antioxidative enzymes were surmounted by the higher activity of non-enzymatic antioxidants which mainly scavenged the increased ROS. Reduced ROS accumulation in return ensured better membrane integrity and reduced electrolyte leakage up on nSi application. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of nSi (more specifically at 10 g L-1) facilitated the uptake of silica and improved the K+/Na+ ratio to reclaim the growth and physiological status of NaCl-stressed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Misti Sarkar
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, Kalyani University, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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Shen Z, Cheng X, Li X, Deng X, Dong X, Wang S, Pu X. Effects of silicon application on leaf structure and physiological characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. under salt treatment. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:390. [PMID: 35922748 PMCID: PMC9351143 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization leads to a significant decline in crop yield and quality, including licorice, an important medicinal cash crop. Studies have proofed that the application of exogenous silicon can significantly improve the ability of licorice to resist salt stress, however, few studies concentrated on the effects of foliar silicon application on the morphology, physiological characteristics, and anatomical structure of licorice leaves under salt stress. In this study, the effects of Si (K2SiO3) on the structural and physiological characteristics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. and G. inflata Bat. leaves under different salt concentrations (medium- and high-salt) were studied. RESULTS Compared with the control (without salt), the plant height, total dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, relative water content, xylem area, phloem area, ratio of palisade to spongy tissue, gas exchange parameters, and photosynthetic pigment content of both licorice varieties were significantly reduced under high-salt (12S) conditions. However, the thickness of the leaf, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue increased significantly. Applying Si to the leaf surface increased the area of the vascular bundle, xylem, and parenchyma of the leaf's main vein, promoted water transportation, enhanced the relative leaf water content, and reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments. These changes extended the area of photosynthesis and promoted the production and transportation of organic matter. G. uralensis had a better response to Si application than did G. inflata. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, foliar application of Si can improve water absorption, enhance photosynthesis, improve photosynthetic capacity and transpiration efficiency, promote growth and yield, and alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress on the leaf structure of the two kinds of licorice investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaojiao Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xianya Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiuxiu Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shaoming Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xiaozhen Pu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
- Pharmacy School, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China.
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Silicon improves ion homeostasis and growth of liquorice under salt stress by reducing plant Na + uptake. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5089. [PMID: 35332196 PMCID: PMC8948228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) effectively alleviates the effects of salt stress in plants and can enhance salt tolerance in liquorice. However, the mechanisms by which Si improved salt tolerance in liquorice and the effects of foliar application of Si on different liquorice species under salt stress are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of foliar application of Si on the growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and ion balance of two liquorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. inflata. High salt stress resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of Na+, decreased photosynthetic pigment concentrations, perturbed ion homeostasis, and eventually inhibited both liquorice species growth. These effects were more pronounced in G. uralensis, as G. inflata is more salt tolerant than G. uralensis. Foliar application of Si effectively reduced the decomposition of photosynthetic pigments and improved gas exchange parameters, thereby promoting photosynthesis. It also effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation and leaf electrolyte leakage and enhanced osmotic adjustment of the plants. Furthermore, Si application increased the K+ concentration and reduced Na+ absorption, transport, and accumulation in the plants. The protective effects of Si were more pronounced in G. uralensis than in G. inflata. In conclusion, Si reduces Na+ absorption, improves ion balance, and alleviates the negative effects of salt stress in the two liquorice species studied, but the effect is species dependent. These findings may help to develop novel strategies for protecting liquorice plants against salt stress and provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of salt tolerance and the scientific cultivation of liquorice.
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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