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Negroiu CE, Riza AL, Streață I, Tudorașcu I, Beznă CM, Ungureanu AI, Dănoiu S. Connecting the Dots: FGF21 as a Potential Link between Obesity and Cardiovascular Health in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8512-8525. [PMID: 39194718 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone involved in regulating the metabolism, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis, with new studies demonstrating its beneficial effects on the heart. This study investigated the relationship between FGF21 levels and clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). This study included 80 patients diagnosed with ACS between May and July 2023, categorized into four groups based on body mass index (BMI): Group 1 (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), Group 2 (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2), Group 3 (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2), and Group 4 (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Serum FGF21 levels were measured by ELISA (Abclonal Catalog NO.: RK00084). Serum FGF21 levels were quantifiable in 55 samples (mean ± SD: 342.42 ± 430.17 pg/mL). Group-specific mean FGF21 levels were 238.98 pg/mL ± SD in Group 1 (n = 14), 296.78 pg/mL ± SD in Group 2 (n = 13), 373.77 pg/mL ± SD in Group 3 (n = 12), and 449.94 pg/mL ± SD in Group 4 (n = 16), with no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.47). Based on ACS diagnoses, mean FGF21 levels were 245.72 pg/mL for STEMI (n = 21), 257.89 pg/mL for NSTEMI (n = 9), and 456.28 pg/mL for unstable angina (n = 25), with no significant differences observed between these diagnostic categories. Significant correlations were identified between FGF21 levels and BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and serum chloride. Regression analyses revealed correlations with uric acid, chloride, and creatinine kinase MB. This study highlights the complex interplay between FGF21, BMI, and acute coronary syndromes. While no significant differences were found in FGF21 levels between the different BMI and ACS diagnostic groups, correlations with clinical and biochemical parameters suggest a multifaceted role of FGF21 in cardiovascular health. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted to elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Elena Negroiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergengy County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streață
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergengy County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Iulia Tudorașcu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Beznă
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Adrian Ionuț Ungureanu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Suzana Dănoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
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Honfo SH, Senior AM, Legault V, Presse N, Turcot V, Gaudreau P, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Cohen AA. Evidence for protein leverage on total energy intake, but not body mass index, in a large cohort of older adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:654-661. [PMID: 38145994 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein leverage (PL) is the phenomenon of consuming food until absolute intake of protein approaches a 'target value', such that total energy intake (TEI) varies passively with the ratio of protein: non-protein energy (fat + carbohydrate) in the diet. The PL hypothesis (PLH) suggests that the dilution of protein in energy-dense foods, particularly those rich in carbohydrates and fats, combines with protein leverage to contribute to the global obesity epidemic. Evidence for PL has been reported in younger adults, children and adolescents. This study aimed to test for PL and the protein leverage hypothesis (PLH) in a cohort of older adults. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of dietary intake in a cohort of 1699 community-dwelling older adults aged 67-84 years from the NuAge cohort. We computed TEI and the energy contribution (EC) from each macronutrient. The strength of leverage of macronutrients was assessed through power functions ( TEI = μ * EC L ). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and mixture models were fitted to predict TEI and BMI from macronutrients' ECs. RESULTS In this cohort of older adults, 53% of individuals had obesity and 1.5% had severe cases. The mean TEI was 7673 kJ and macronutrients' ECs were 50.4%, 33.2% and 16.4%, respectively for carbohydrates, fat, and protein. There was a strong negative association (L = -0.37; p < 0.001) between the protein EC and TEI. Each percent of energy intake from protein reduced TEI by 77 kJ on average, ceteris paribus. However, BMI was unassociated with TEI in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate clear evidence for PL on TEI, but not on BMI, likely because of aging, body composition, sarcopenia, or protein wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewanou H Honfo
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alistair M Senior
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Véronique Legault
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Park S, Shimokawa I. Influence of Adipokines on Metabolic Dysfunction and Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:873. [PMID: 38672227 PMCID: PMC11048512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, 30% of the global population is overweight or obese, with projections from the World Obesity Federation suggesting that this figure will surpass 50% by 2035. Adipose tissue dysfunction, a primary characteristic of obesity, is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic abnormalities, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, collectively termed metabolic syndrome. In particular, visceral fat accretion is considered as a hallmark of aging and is strongly linked to higher mortality rates in humans. Adipokines, bioactive peptides secreted by adipose tissue, play crucial roles in regulating appetite, satiety, adiposity, and metabolic balance, thereby rendering them key players in alleviating metabolic diseases and potentially extending health span. In this review, we elucidated the role of adipokines in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders while also exploring the potential of certain adipokines as candidates for longevity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan;
- SAGL, Limited Liability Company, 1-4-34, Kusagae, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0045, Japan
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Solon-Biet SM, Clark X, Bell-Anderson K, Rusu PM, Perks R, Freire T, Pulpitel T, Senior AM, Hoy AJ, Aung O, Le Couteur DG, Raubenheimer D, Rose AJ, Conigrave AD, Simpson SJ. Toward reconciling the roles of FGF21 in protein appetite, sweet preference, and energy expenditure. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113536. [PMID: 38060447 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endocrine signal robustly increased by protein restriction independently of an animal's energy status, exerts profound effects on feeding behavior and metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that considering the nutritional contexts within which FGF21 is elevated can help reconcile current controversies over its roles in mediating macronutrient preference, food intake, and energy expenditure. We show that FGF21 is primarily a driver of increased protein intake in mice and that the effect of FGF21 on sweet preference depends on the carbohydrate balance of the animal. Under no-choice feeding, FGF21 infusion either increased or decreased energy expenditure depending on whether the animal was fed a high- or low-energy diet, respectively. We show that while the role of FGF21 in mediating feeding behavior is complex, its role in promoting protein appetite is robust and that the effects on sweet preference and energy expenditure are macronutrient-state-dependent effects of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Ximonie Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kim Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patricia M Rusu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ruth Perks
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tamara Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Okka Aung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute and Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Adam J Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Léniz A, Fernández-Quintela A, Arranz S, Portune K, Tueros I, Arana E, Castaño L, Velasco O, Portillo MP. Altered Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid and Serum Adipokine Profiles in Subjects with Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3320. [PMID: 38137540 PMCID: PMC10742039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines, as well as the fatty acid profile of red blood cell (RBC) membranes, are known to play important roles in the development and progression of metabolic complications induced by obesity. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the serum adipokine profile and the RBC membrane fatty acid profile of normal-weight and obese adults, and to analyze their relationship with serum biochemical parameters. METHODS An observational case-control study was performed in 75 normal-weight and obese adult subjects. Biochemical serum parameters, eight serum adipokines and the RBC membrane fatty acid profiles were measured. Associations between parameters were established using regression analysis. RESULTS Subjects with obesity showed increased levels of leptin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and overexpressed nephroblastoma (NOV/CCN3), decreased adiponectin, and similar levels of vaspin and chemerin compared to normal-weight subjects. Significant positive and negative correlations were found with triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), respectively. An increase in the total ω-6 fatty acids in the RBC membrane fatty acid profiles in subjects with obesity was observed, because of higher levels of both dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and arachidonic acid (AA), and decreased total ω-3 fatty acids, mainly due to lower levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The ω-6/ω-3 ratio in the RBCs was significantly higher, suggesting an inflammatory status, as was also suggested by a reduced adiponectin level. A negative association between DGLA and adiponectin, and a positive association between DHA and serum triglycerides, was observed. CONCLUSIONS Important alterations in serum adipokine and RBC fatty acid profiles are found in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Léniz
- Vitoria-Gasteiz Nursing School, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- BIOARABA Institute of Health, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernández-Quintela
- BIOARABA Institute of Health, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.)
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.)
| | - Itziar Tueros
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (S.A.)
| | - Eunate Arana
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, BIOBIZKAIA Institute of Health, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain (O.V.)
| | - Luis Castaño
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, BIOBIZKAIA Institute of Health, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain (O.V.)
- Department Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERdem), Institute of Health Carlos III, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER Rare Diseases (CIBERer), Institute of Health Carlos III, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (ENDO-ERN), 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Olaia Velasco
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, BIOBIZKAIA Institute of Health, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain (O.V.)
- Department Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERdem), Institute of Health Carlos III, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER Rare Diseases (CIBERer), Institute of Health Carlos III, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
- European Reference Network on Rare Endocrine Conditions (ENDO-ERN), 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María P. Portillo
- BIOARABA Institute of Health, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, Avenida Miguel de Unamuno, 3, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Houshmand M, Zeinali V, Hosseini A, Seifi A, Danaei B, Kamfar S. Investigation of FGF21 mRNA levels and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number levels and their relation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1203019. [PMID: 37347041 PMCID: PMC10279952 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1203019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the exact mechanisms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are not fully understood, numerous pieces of evidence show that the variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) level and hepatic Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) expression may be related to NAFLD susceptibility. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine relative levels of mtDNA copy number and hepatic FGF21 expression in a cohort of Iranian NAFLD patients and evaluate the possible relationship. Methods: This study included 27 NAFLD patients (10 with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 17 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) and ten healthy subjects. Total RNA and genomic DNA were extracted from liver tissue samples, and then mtDNA copy number and FGF21 expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The relative level of hepatic mtDNA copy number was 3.9-fold higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.0001). NAFLD patients showed a 2.9-fold increase in hepatic FGF21 expression compared to controls (p < 0.013). Results showed that hepatic FGF21 expression was positively correlated with BMI, serum ALT, and AST levels (p < 0.05). The level of mitochondrial copy number and hepatic FGF21 expression was not significantly associated with stages of change in hepatic steatosis. Finally, there was a significant correlation between FGF21 expression and mitochondrial copy number in NAFLD patients (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a considerable rise of hepatic FGF21 mRNA levels and mtDNA-CN and show a positive correlation between them in the liver tissue of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Zeinali
- Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hosseini
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Seifi
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bardia Danaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Kamfar
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Warrier M, Paules EM, Silva-Gomez J, Friday WB, Bramlett F, Kim H, Zhang K, Trujillo-Gonzalez I. Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress activates FGF21 and is associated with browning and atrophy of white adipose tissue in Bhmt knockout mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13216. [PMID: 36755585 PMCID: PMC9900266 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from betaine to homocysteine (Hcy), producing methionine and dimethylglycine. In this work, we characterize Bhmt wild type (Bhmt-WT) and knockout (Bhmt-KO) mice that were fully backcrossed to a C57Bl6/J background. Consistent with our previous findings, Bhmt-KO mice had decreased body weight, fat mass, and adipose tissue weight compared to WT. Histological analyses and gene expression profiling indicate that adipose browning was activated in KO mice and contributed to the adipose atrophy observed. BHMT is not expressed in adipose tissue but is abundant in liver; thus, a signal must originate from the liver that modulates adipose tissue. We found that, in Bhmt-KO mice, homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with activation of the hepatic transcription factor cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREBH), and an increase in hepatic and plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is known to induce adipose browning. Our data indicate that the deletion of a single gene in one-carbon metabolism modifies adipose biology and energy metabolism. Future studies could focus on identifying if functional polymorphisms in BHMT result in a similar adipose atrophy phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Warrier
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Evan M Paules
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Jorge Silva-Gomez
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Walter B Friday
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Frances Bramlett
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA
| | - Hyunbae Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Nutrition Research Institute, UNC-Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
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Hung WC, Yu TH, Wang CP, Hsu CC, Lu YC, Wei CT, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Wu CC, Tang WH. Fibroblast growth factor 21 is associated with widening QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in patients with stable angina. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:432. [PMID: 36180826 PMCID: PMC9523937 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is produced by cardiac cells, may acts in an autocrine manner, and was suggested to has a cardioprotective role in atherosclerosis. Wide QRS complex and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc interval) prolongation are associated to dangerous ventricular arrhythmias and cardiovascular disease mortality. Yet, the role of FGF21 in cardiac arrhythmia has never been studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between plasma FGF21 and the QRS duration and QTc interval in patients with stable angina. METHODS Three hundred twenty-one consecutive stable angina patients were investigated. Plasma FGF21 was measured through ELISA, and each subject underwent 12-lead electrocardiography. RESULTS FGF21 plasma levels were positively associated with the QRS duration (β = 0.190, P = 0.001) and QTc interval (β = 0.277, P < 0.0001). With increasing FGF21 tertiles, the patients had higher frequencies of wide QRS complex and prolonged QTc interval. After adjusting for patients' anthropometric parameters, the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for wide QRS complex of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.39 (95% CI 0.51-3.90) and 4.41 (95% CI 1.84-11.59), respectively, and p for trend was 0.001. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis also showed the corresponding odd ratios (ORs) for prolonged QTc interval of the medium and high of FGF21 versus the low of FGF21 were 1.02 (95% CI 0.53-1.78) and 1.93 (95% CI 1.04-3.60) respectively with the p for trend of 0.037. In addition, age- and sex-adjusted FGF21 levels were positively associated with fasting glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, and adiponectin, but negatively associated with albumin, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that plasma FGF21 is associated with wide QRS complex and prolonged corrected QT interval in stable angina patients, further study is required to investigate the role of plasma FGF21 for the underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Hung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Teng-Hung Yu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Department of Electrical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Ching Wu
- grid.414686.90000 0004 1797 2180Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, No. 1, Yi-Da Rd., Jiau-Shu Village, Yan-Chao Township, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan ,grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hua Tang
- grid.278247.c0000 0004 0604 5314Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Yuli Branch, No. 91, Xinxing St., Yuli Township, Hualien County, 981002 Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304 Taiwan
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Nagatomo I, Nakanishi K, Yamamoto R, Ide S, Ishibashi C, Moriyama T, Yamauchi-Takihara K. Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 association with lipid metabolism. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:955928. [PMID: 36035417 PMCID: PMC9399413 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is one of the likely explanations for disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to test whether soluble ACE2 (sACE2) levels are correlated to known risk factors of severe COVID-19 including biochemical parameters, body mass index and smoking habits. We cross-sectionally evaluated serum sACE2 levels in obese or tobacco-smoking populations and compared them to those in non-obese and non-smoking healthy participants. Additionally, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) was investigated as a candidate regulator of sACE2. A total of 220 male participants aged 30–59 years undergoing an annual health checkup were enrolled in this study: 59 obese, 80 smokers, and 81 healthy. Serum sACE2 levels were significantly higher in obese participants but not in tobacco-smoking participants when compared to healthy participants. sACE2 levels were significantly correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides but not with body mass index. Furthermore, no regulatory relationship was found between FGF21 and sACE2. Lipid metabolism disorders accompanied by upregulation of serum sACE2 may be underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 aggravation and might be a novel breakthrough treatment target.
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