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Legault V, Pu Y, Weinans E, Cohen AA. Application of early warning signs to physiological contexts: a comparison of multivariate indices in patients on long-term hemodialysis. Front Netw Physiol 2024; 4:1299162. [PMID: 38595863 PMCID: PMC11002238 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2024.1299162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Early warnings signs (EWSs) can anticipate abrupt changes in system state, known as "critical transitions," by detecting dynamic variations, including increases in variance, autocorrelation (AC), and cross-correlation. Numerous EWSs have been proposed; yet no consensus on which perform best exists. Here, we compared 15 multivariate EWSs in time series of 763 hemodialyzed patients, previously shown to present relevant critical transition dynamics. We calculated five EWSs based on AC, six on variance, one on cross-correlation, and three on AC and variance. We assessed their pairwise correlations, trends before death, and mortality predictive power, alone and in combination. Variance-based EWSs showed stronger correlations (r = 0.663 ± 0.222 vs. 0.170 ± 0.205 for AC-based indices) and a steeper increase before death. Two variance-based EWSs yielded HR95 > 9 (HR95 standing for a scale-invariant metric of hazard ratio), but combining them did not improve the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) much compared to using them alone (AUC = 0.798 vs. 0.796 and 0.791). Nevertheless, the AUC reached 0.825 when combining 13 indices. While some indicators did not perform overly well alone, their addition to the best performing EWSs increased the predictive power, suggesting that indices combination captures a broader range of dynamic changes occurring within the system. It is unclear whether this added benefit reflects measurement error of a unified phenomenon or heterogeneity in the nature of signals preceding critical transitions. Finally, the modest predictive performance and weak correlations among some indices call into question their validity, at least in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Legault
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Pu
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Els Weinans
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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2
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Moqri M, Herzog C, Poganik JR, Ying K, Justice JN, Belsky DW, Higgins-Chen AT, Chen BH, Cohen AA, Fuellen G, Hägg S, Marioni RE, Widschwendter M, Fortney K, Fedichev PO, Zhavoronkov A, Barzilai N, Lasky-Su J, Kiel DP, Kennedy BK, Cummings S, Slagboom PE, Verdin E, Maier AB, Sebastiano V, Snyder MP, Gladyshev VN, Horvath S, Ferrucci L. Validation of biomarkers of aging. Nat Med 2024; 30:360-372. [PMID: 38355974 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that quantify biological aging (particularly 'omic'-based biomarkers) has intensified in recent years. Such biomarkers could predict aging-related outcomes and could serve as surrogate endpoints for the evaluation of interventions promoting healthy aging and longevity. However, no consensus exists on how biomarkers of aging should be validated before their translation to the clinic. Here, we review current efforts to evaluate the predictive validity of omic biomarkers of aging in population studies, discuss challenges in comparability and generalizability and provide recommendations to facilitate future validation of biomarkers of aging. Finally, we discuss how systematic validation can accelerate clinical translation of biomarkers of aging and their use in gerotherapeutic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moqri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jesse R Poganik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian H Chen
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Department of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fernainy P, Cohen AA, Murray E, Losina E, Lamontagne F, Sourial N. Rethinking the pros and cons of randomized controlled trials and observational studies in the era of big data and advanced methods: a panel discussion. BMC Proc 2024; 18:1. [PMID: 38233894 PMCID: PMC10795211 DOI: 10.1186/s12919-023-00285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have traditionally been considered the gold standard for medical evidence. However, in light of emerging methodologies in data science, many experts question the role of RCTs. Within this context, experts in the USA and Canada came together to debate whether the primacy of RCTs as the gold standard for medical evidence, still holds in light of recent methodological advances in data science and in the era of big data. The purpose of this manuscript, aims to raise awareness of the pros and cons of RCTs and observational studies in order to help guide clinicians, researchers, students, and decision-makers in making informed decisions on the quality of medical evidence to support their work. In particular, new and underappreciated advantages and disadvantages of both designs are contrasted. Innovations taking place in both of these research methodologies, which can blur the lines between the two, are also discussed. Finally, practical guidance for clinicians and future directions in assessing the quality of evidence is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fernainy
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CHUS Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Sur Le Vieillissement, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University New York, New York, USA
| | - Eleanor Murray
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Losina
- Harvard Medical School Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Francois Lamontagne
- CHUS Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departement de Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadia Sourial
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Morvaridzadeh M, Cohen AA, Heshmati J, Alami M, Berrougui H, Zoubdane N, Pizarro AB, Khalil A. Effect of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Anthropometric Indices, Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Markers: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Nutr 2024; 154:95-120. [PMID: 37977313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of literature associated extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption with low risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, findings from clinical trials related to EVOO consumption on blood pressure, lipid profile, and anthropometric and inflammation parameters are not univocal. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of EVOO consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors and inflammatory mediators. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane up through 31 March, 2023, without any particular language limitations, in order to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effects of EVOO consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammatory mediators, and anthropometric indices. Outcomes were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from Hedge's g and random-effects modeling. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran Q-statistic and quantified (I2). RESULTS Thirty-three trials involving 2020 participants were included. EVOO consumption was associated with a significant decrease in insulin (n = 10; SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.05; I2 = 48.57%) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels (HOMA-IR) (n = 9; SMD: -0.19; 95% CI: -0.35, -0.03; I2 = 00.00%). This meta-analysis indicated no significant effect of consuming EVOO on fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins, Apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I and B, lipoprotein a, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor α levels (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present evidence supports a beneficial effect of EVOO consumption on serum insulin levels and HOMA-IR. However, larger well-designed RCTs are still required to evaluate the effect of EVOO on cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42023409125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Alami
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Nada Zoubdane
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Li Q, Legault V, Hermann Honfo S, Milot E, Jia Q, Wang F, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Cohen AA. Physiological Dysregulation Proceeds and Predicts Health Outcomes Similarly in Chinese and Western Populations. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad146. [PMID: 37313838 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decade ago, we proposed an index of physiological dysregulation based on Mahalanobis distance (DM) that measures how far from the norm an individual biomarker profile is. While extensive validation has been performed, focus was mostly on Western populations with little comparison to developing countries, particularly at a physiological system level. The degree to which the approach would work in other sociocultural contexts and the similarity of dysregulation signatures across diverse populations are still open questions. METHODS Using 2 data sets from China and 3 from Western countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Italy), we calculated DM globally and per physiological system. We assessed pairwise correlations among systems, difference with age, prediction of mortality and age-related diseases, and sensitivity to interchanging data sets with one another as the reference in DM calculation. RESULTS Overall, results were comparable across all data sets. Different physiological systems showed distinct dysregulation processes. Association with age was moderate and often nonlinear, similarly for all populations. Mahalanobis distance predicted most health outcomes, although differently by physiological system. Using a Chinese population as the reference when calculating DM for Western populations, or vice versa, led to similar associations with health outcomes, with a few exceptions. CONCLUSIONS While small differences were noticeable, they did not systematically emerge between Chinese and Western populations, but rather diffusively across all data sets. These findings suggest that DM presents similar properties, notwithstanding sociocultural backgrounds, and that it is equally effective in capturing the loss of homeostasis that occurs during aging in diverse industrial human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center for Innovation Management Research of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830046, China
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Véronique Legault
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sewanou Hermann Honfo
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Milot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Jia
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Fuqing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21225, USA
| | | | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Li X, Cao X, Zhang J, Fu J, Mohedaner M, Danzengzhuoga, Sun X, Yang G, Yang Z, Kuo CL, Chen X, Cohen AA, Liu Z. Accelerated aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:181-193. [PMID: 37789775 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With two well-validated aging measures capturing mortality and morbidity risk, this study examined whether and to what extent aging mediates the associations of unhealthy lifestyles with adverse health outcomes. METHODS Data were from 405,944 adults (40-69 years) from UK Biobank (UKB) and 9972 adults (20-84 years) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). An unhealthy lifestyles score (range: 0-5) was constructed based on five factors (smoking, drinking, physical inactivity, unhealthy body mass index, and unhealthy diet). Two aging measures, Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and Biological Age Acceleration (BioAgeAccel) were calculated using nine and seven blood biomarkers, respectively, with a higher value indicating the acceleration of aging. The outcomes included incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident cancer, and all-cause mortality in UKB; CVD mortality, cancer mortality, and all-cause mortality in NHANES. A general linear regression model, Cox proportional hazards model, and formal mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS The unhealthy lifestyles score was positively associated with PhenoAgeAccel (UKB: β = 0.741; NHANES: β = 0.874, all p < 0.001). We further confirmed the respective associations of PhenoAgeAccel and unhealthy lifestyles with the outcomes in UKB and NHANES. The mediation proportion of PhenoAgeAccel in associations of unhealthy lifestyles with incident CVD, incident cancer, and all-cause mortality were 20.0%, 17.8%, and 26.6% (all p < 0.001) in UKB, respectively. Similar results were found in NHANES. The findings were robust when using another aging measure-BioAgeAccel. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated aging partially mediated the associations of lifestyles with CVD, cancer, and mortality in UK and US populations. The findings reveal a novel pathway and the potential of geroprotective programs in mitigating health inequality in late life beyond lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinjing Fu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mayila Mohedaner
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danzengzhuoga
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gan Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Centre on Aging, CHUS Research Centre, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Honfo SH, Senior AM, Legault V, Presse N, Turcot V, Gaudreau P, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D, Cohen AA. Evidence for protein leverage on total energy intake, but not body mass index, in a large cohort of older adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01455-6. [PMID: 38145994 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein leverage (PL) is the phenomenon of consuming food until absolute intake of protein approaches a 'target value', such that total energy intake (TEI) varies passively with the ratio of protein: non-protein energy (fat + carbohydrate) in the diet. The PL hypothesis (PLH) suggests that the dilution of protein in energy-dense foods, particularly those rich in carbohydrates and fats, combines with protein leverage to contribute to the global obesity epidemic. Evidence for PL has been reported in younger adults, children and adolescents. This study aimed to test for PL and the protein leverage hypothesis (PLH) in a cohort of older adults. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of dietary intake in a cohort of 1699 community-dwelling older adults aged 67-84 years from the NuAge cohort. We computed TEI and the energy contribution (EC) from each macronutrient. The strength of leverage of macronutrients was assessed through power functions ([Formula: see text]). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and mixture models were fitted to predict TEI and BMI from macronutrients' ECs. RESULTS In this cohort of older adults, 53% of individuals had obesity and 1.5% had severe cases. The mean TEI was 7673 kJ and macronutrients' ECs were 50.4%, 33.2% and 16.4%, respectively for carbohydrates, fat, and protein. There was a strong negative association (L = -0.37; p < 0.001) between the protein EC and TEI. Each percent of energy intake from protein reduced TEI by 77 kJ on average, ceteris paribus. However, BMI was unassociated with TEI in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate clear evidence for PL on TEI, but not on BMI, likely because of aging, body composition, sarcopenia, or protein wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewanou H Honfo
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alistair M Senior
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney Precision Data Science Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Véronique Legault
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Moqri M, Herzog C, Poganik JR, Justice J, Belsky DW, Higgins-Chen A, Moskalev A, Fuellen G, Cohen AA, Bautmans I, Widschwendter M, Ding J, Fleming A, Mannick J, Han JDJ, Zhavoronkov A, Barzilai N, Kaeberlein M, Cummings S, Kennedy BK, Ferrucci L, Horvath S, Verdin E, Maier AB, Snyder MP, Sebastiano V, Gladyshev VN. Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions. Cell 2023; 186:3758-3775. [PMID: 37657418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of aging biology research, the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions in humans have become key goals of this field. Biomarkers of aging are critically important tools in achieving these objectives over realistic time frames. However, the current lack of standards and consensus on the properties of a reliable aging biomarker hinders their further development and validation for clinical applications. Here, we advance a framework for the terminology and characterization of biomarkers of aging, including classification and potential clinical use cases. We discuss validation steps and highlight ongoing challenges as potential areas in need of future research. This framework sets the stage for the development of valid biomarkers of aging and their ultimate utilization in clinical trials and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Moqri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jesse R Poganik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alexey Moskalev
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Women's Cancer, EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Fulop T, Ramassamy C, Lévesque S, Frost EH, Laurent B, Lacombe G, Khalil A, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Desroches M, Rodrigues S, Bourgade K, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Viruses - a major cause of amyloid deposition in the brain. Expert Rev Neurother 2023; 23:775-790. [PMID: 37551672 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2244162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with a spectrum of various cognitive disorders. There is a complete dissociation between the pathology and the clinical presentation. Therefore, we need a disruptive new approach to be able to prevent and treat AD. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors extensively discuss the evidence why the amyloid beta is not the pathological cause of AD which makes therefore the amyloid hypothesis not sustainable anymore. They review the experimental evidence underlying the role of microbes, especially that of viruses, as a trigger/cause for the production of amyloid beta leading to the establishment of a chronic neuroinflammation as the mediator manifesting decades later by AD as a clinical spectrum. In this context, the emergence and consequences of the infection/antimicrobial protection hypothesis are described. The epidemiological and clinical data supporting this hypothesis are also analyzed. EXPERT OPINION For decades, we have known that viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of AD. This discovery was ignored and discarded for a long time. Now we should accept this fact, which is not a hypothesis anymore, and stimulate the research community to come up with new ideas, new treatments, and new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Simon Lévesque
- CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Département de Microbiologie Et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine Et des Sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Laurent
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical Dental University, Tokyo and Nito-Memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, Biot, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, BCAM, the Basque Foundation for Science and BCAM - The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karine Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé Et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Leblanc S, Brunet MA, Jacques JF, Lekehal AM, Duclos A, Tremblay A, Bruggeman-Gascon A, Samandi S, Brunelle M, Cohen AA, Scott MS, Roucou X. Newfound Coding Potential of Transcripts Unveils Missing Members of Human Protein Communities. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2023; 21:515-534. [PMID: 36183975 PMCID: PMC10787177 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent proteogenomic approaches have led to the discovery that regions of the transcriptome previously annotated as non-coding regions [i.e., untranslated regions (UTRs), open reading frames overlapping annotated coding sequences in a different reading frame, and non-coding RNAs] frequently encode proteins, termed alternative proteins (altProts). This suggests that previously identified protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are partially incomplete because altProts are not present in conventional protein databases. Here, we used the proteogenomic resource OpenProt and a combined spectrum- and peptide-centric analysis for the re-analysis of a high-throughput human network proteomics dataset, thereby revealing the presence of 261 altProts in the network. We found 19 genes encoding both an annotated (reference) and an alternative protein interacting with each other. Of the 117 altProts encoded by pseudogenes, 38 are direct interactors of reference proteins encoded by their respective parental genes. Finally, we experimentally validate several interactions involving altProts. These data improve the blueprints of the human PPI network and suggest functional roles for hundreds of altProts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Leblanc
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie A Brunet
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Jacques
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amina M Lekehal
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Andréa Duclos
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Alexia Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Alexis Bruggeman-Gascon
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Sondos Samandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mylène Brunelle
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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11
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Bétrisey C, Carrier A, Cardinal JF, Lagacé M, Cohen AA, Beaulieu M, Baillargeon D, Levasseur M. Which interventions with youths counter ageism toward older adults? Results from a realist review. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37186802 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2023.2210521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-related social biases - ageism - are developed at an early age. Interventions to counter ageism have been identified but little is known about their mechanisms, particularly in children. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of which interventions in youths are most effective, under which circumstances, how, and with what outcomes. Using 46 keywords in 6 databases, a realist review identified 24 studies published between 2000 and 2022 targeting youths under 18. A content analysis of these studies led to the construction of a Context-Mechanisms-Outcomes explanatory model. Contextual facilitators triggering mechanisms for changing stereotypes, prejudices and discrimination were: 1) enhancing knowledge about aging and older adults by providing nuanced information, 2) improving the quality of intergenerational contacts, 3) increasing opportunities to apply previously acquired knowledge in intergenerational interactions, and 4) promoting reflective thinking about experiences with older adults. However, stereotypes and prejudices appeared to be resistant and changes difficult to generalize. Insufficiently advanced cognitive development in children or viewing healthy and socially engaged older adults as unrepresentative of their age group were obstacles that reduced intervention effectiveness. Future studies should explore how advancing age influences interventions as well as the characteristics of older adults involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bétrisey
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Carrier
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cardinal
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Lagacé
- Department of Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie Beaulieu
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Baillargeon
- Department of Language, Literature and Communications, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Centre on Aging, Eastern Townships Integrated University Centre for Health & Social Services - Sherbrooke Hospital University Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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12
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Senior AM, Legault V, Lavoie FB, Presse N, Gaudreau P, Turcot V, Raubenheimer D, Le Couteur DG, Simpson SJ, Cohen AA. Multidimensional associations between nutrient intake and healthy ageing in humans. BMC Biol 2022; 20:196. [PMID: 36050730 PMCID: PMC9438070 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how normal variation in dietary patterns in humans affects the ageing process. To date, most analyses of the problem have used a unidimensional paradigm, being concerned with the effects of a single nutrient on a single outcome. Perhaps then, our ability to understand the problem has been complicated by the fact that both nutrition and the physiology of ageing are highly complex and multidimensional, involving a high number of functional interactions. Here we apply the multidimensional geometric framework for nutrition to data on biological ageing from 1560 older adults followed over four years to assess on a large-scale how nutrient intake associates with the ageing process. RESULTS Ageing and age-related loss of homeostasis (physiological dysregulation) were quantified via the integration of blood biomarkers. The effects of diet were modelled using the geometric framework for nutrition, applied to macronutrients and 19 micronutrients/nutrient subclasses. We observed four broad patterns: (1) The optimal level of nutrient intake was dependent on the ageing metric used. Elevated protein intake improved/depressed some ageing parameters, whereas elevated carbohydrate levels improved/depressed others; (2) There were non-linearities where intermediate levels of nutrients performed well for many outcomes (i.e. arguing against a simple more/less is better perspective); (3) There is broad tolerance for nutrient intake patterns that don't deviate too much from norms ('homeostatic plateaus'). (4) Optimal levels of one nutrient often depend on levels of another (e.g. vitamin E and vitamin C). Simpler linear/univariate analytical approaches are insufficient to capture such associations. We present an interactive tool to explore the results in the high-dimensional nutritional space. CONCLUSION Using multidimensional modelling techniques to test the effects of nutrient intake on physiological dysregulation in an aged population, we identified key patterns of specific nutrients associated with minimal biological ageing. Our approach presents a roadmap for future studies to explore the full complexity of the nutrition-ageing landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M Senior
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. .,University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia. .,University of Sydney, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Véronique Legault
- Department of Family Medicine, Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Francis B Lavoie
- Department of Family Medicine, Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Raubenheimer
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Ageing and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Concord, New South Wales, 2139, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Mian O, Belsky DW, Cohen AA, Anderson LN, Gonzalez A, Ma J, Sloboda DM, Bowdish DM, Verschoor CP. Associations between exposure to adverse childhood experiences and biological aging: Evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 142:105821. [PMID: 35679774 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
People exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) suffer from an increased risk of chronic disease and shorter lifespan. These individuals also tend to exhibit accelerated reproductive development and show signs of advanced cellular aging as early as childhood. These observations suggest that ACEs may accelerate biological processes of aging through direct or indirect mechanisms; however, few population-based studies have data to test this hypothesis. We analysed ACEs and biological aging data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; n = 23,354 adults aged 45-85) and used the BioAge R package to compute three indices of biological aging from blood-chemistry and organ-function data: Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) biological age, phenotypic age (PA), and homeostatic dysregulation (HD). Adults with ACEs tended to be biologically older than those with no ACEs, although the observed effect-sizes were small (Cohen's d<0.15), with the exception of neglect (d=0.35 for KDM and PA). Associations were similar for men and women and tended to be smaller for older as compared to midlife participants. Subtypes of ACEs perceived as being more severe (e.g., being pushed or kicked, experiencing forced sexual activity, witnessing physical violence) and more frequent and diverse exposures were associated with relatively larger effect-sizes. These findings support the hypothesis that ACEs contribute to accelerated biological aging, although replication is needed in studies with access to prospective records of ACEs and cellular-level measurements of biological aging. Furthermore, future work to better understand the degree to which associations between ACEs and biological aging are moderated by specific life-course pathways, and mediated by lifestyle and socioeconomic factors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Mian
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, NY, United States; Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, NY, United States
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn Me Bowdish
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, ON, Canada; Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, ON, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
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14
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Cohen AA, Ferrucci L, Fülöp T, Gravel D, Hao N, Kriete A, Levine ME, Lipsitz LA, Olde Rikkert MGM, Rutenberg A, Stroustrup N, Varadhan R. A complex systems approach to aging biology. Nat Aging 2022; 2:580-591. [PMID: 37117782 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Having made substantial progress understanding molecules, cells, genes and pathways, aging biology research is now moving toward integration of these parts, attempting to understand how their joint dynamics may contribute to aging. Such a shift of perspective requires the adoption of a formal complex systems framework, a transition being facilitated by large-scale data collection and new analytical tools. Here, we provide a theoretical framework to orient researchers around key concepts for this transition, notably emergence, interaction networks and resilience. Drawing on evolutionary theory, network theory and principles of homeostasis, we propose that organismal function is accomplished by the integration of regulatory mechanisms at multiple hierarchical scales, and that the disruption of this ensemble causes the phenotypic and functional manifestations of aging. We present key examples at scales ranging from sub-organismal biology to clinical geriatrics, outlining how this approach can potentially enrich our understanding of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging and Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
- Butler Columbia Aging Center and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging and Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nan Hao
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lewis A Lipsitz
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Hebrew SeniorLife, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Stroustrup
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Department of Oncology, Quantitative Sciences Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Huang HH, Cohen AA, Gaudreau P, Auray-Blais C, Allard D, Boutin M, Reid I, Turcot V, Presse N. Vitamin B-12 Intake from Dairy but Not Meat Is Associated with Decreased Risk of Low Vitamin B-12 Status and Deficiency in Older Adults from Quebec, Canada. J Nutr 2022; 152:2483-2492. [PMID: 36774114 PMCID: PMC9644171 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B-12 deficiency can result in irreversible neurologic damages. It is most prevalent among older adults (∼5%-15%), mainly due to impaired absorption. Vitamin B-12 bioavailability varies between food sources, so their importance in preventing deficiency may also vary. OBJECTIVES Using the NuAge Database and Biobank, we examined the associations between vitamin B-12 intake (total and by specific food groups) and low vitamin B-12 status and deficiency in older adults. METHODS NuAge-the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging-included 1753 adults aged 67-84 y who were followed 4 y. Analytic samples comprised 1230-1463 individuals. Dietary vitamin B-12 intake was assessed annually using three 24-h dietary recalls. Vitamin B-12 status was assessed annually as low serum vitamin B-12 (<221 pmol/L), elevated urinary methylmalonic acid (MMA)/creatinine ratio (>2 μmol/mmol), and a combination of both (deficiency). Vitamin B-12 supplement users were excluded. Multilevel logistic regressions, adjusted for relevant confounders, were used. RESULTS Across all study years, 21.8%-32.5% of participants had low serum vitamin B-12, 12.5%-17.0% had elevated urine MMA/creatinine, and 10.1%-12.7% had deficiency. Median (IQR) total vitamin B-12 intake was 3.19 μg/d (2.31-4.37). Main sources were "dairy" and "meat, poultry, and organ meats." The ORs (95% CIs) in the fifth quintile compared with the first of total vitamin B-12 intake were as follows: for low serum vitamin B-12, 0.52 (0.37, 0.75; P-trend < 0.0001); for elevated urine MMA/creatinine, 0.63 (0.37, 1.08; P-trend = 0.091); and for vitamin B-12 deficiency, 0.38 (0.18, 0.79; P-trend = 0.006). Similarly, ORs (95% CIs) in the fourth quartile compared with the first of dairy-derived vitamin B-12 intake were 0.46 (0.32, 0.66; P-trend < 0.0001), 0.51 (0.30, 0.87; P-trend = 0.006), and 0.35 (0.17, 0.73; P-trend = 0.003), respectively. No associations were observed with vitamin B-12 from "meat, poultry, and organ meats." CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary vitamin B-12 intake, especially from dairy, was associated with decreased risk of low vitamin B-12 status and deficiency in older adults. Food groups might contribute differently at reducing risk of deficiency in older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Helen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christiane Auray-Blais
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Allard
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Boutin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada,Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke Research Center, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Reid
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Turcot
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Presse
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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16
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Cohen AA, Leung DL, Legault V, Gravel D, Blanchet FG, Côté AM, Fülöp T, Lee J, Dufour F, Liu M, Nakazato Y. Synchrony of biomarker variability indicates a critical transition: Application to mortality prediction in hemodialysis. iScience 2022; 25:104385. [PMID: 35620427 PMCID: PMC9127602 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical transition theory suggests that complex systems should experience increased temporal variability just before abrupt state changes. We tested this hypothesis in 763 patients on long-term hemodialysis, using 11 biomarkers collected every two weeks and all-cause mortality as a proxy for critical transitions. We find that variability-measured by coefficients of variation (CVs)-increases before death for all 11 clinical biomarkers, and is strikingly synchronized across all biomarkers: the first axis of a principal component analysis on all CVs explains 49% of the variance. This axis then generates powerful predictions of mortality (HR95 = 9.7, p < 0.0001, where HR95 is a scale-invariant metric of hazard ratio; AUC up to 0.82) and starts to increase markedly ∼3 months prior to death. Our results provide an early warning sign of physiological collapse and, more broadly, a quantification of joint system dynamics that opens questions of how system modularity may break down before critical transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Diana L. Leung
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - F. Guillaume Blanchet
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département de mathématique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
- Département des Sciences de la Santé Communautaires, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Côté
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Juhong Lee
- InfoCentre, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Estrie – Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Frédérik Dufour
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mingxin Liu
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yuichi Nakazato
- Division of Nephrology, Hakuyukai Medical Corporation, Yuai Nisshin Clinic, 2-1914-6 Nisshin-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-City, Saitama 331-0823, Japan
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17
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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18
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Li Q, Legault V, Girard VD, Ferrucci L, Fried LP, Cohen AA. An objective metric of individual health and aging for population surveys. Popul Health Metr 2022; 20:11. [PMID: 35361249 PMCID: PMC8974028 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-022-00289-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously developed and validated a biomarker-based metric of overall health status using Mahalanobis distance (DM) to measure how far from the norm of a reference population (RP) an individual's biomarker profile is. DM is not particularly sensitive to the choice of biomarkers; however, this makes comparison across studies difficult. Here we aimed to identify and validate a standard, optimized version of DM that would be highly stable across populations, while using fewer and more commonly measured biomarkers. METHODS Using three datasets (the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, Invecchiare in Chianti and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), we selected the most stable sets of biomarkers in all three populations, notably when interchanging RPs across populations. We performed regression models, using a fourth dataset (the Women's Health and Aging Study), to compare the new DM sets to other well-known metrics [allostatic load (AL) and self-assessed health (SAH)] in their association with diverse health outcomes: mortality, frailty, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and comorbidity number. RESULTS A nine- (DM9) and a seventeen-biomarker set (DM17) were identified as highly stable regardless of the chosen RP (e.g.: mean correlation among versions generated by interchanging RPs across dataset of r = 0.94 for both DM9 and DM17). In general, DM17 and DM9 were both competitive compared with AL and SAH in predicting aging correlates, with some exceptions for DM9. For example, DM9, DM17, AL, and SAH all predicted mortality to a similar extent (ranges of hazard ratios of 1.15-1.30, 1.21-1.36, 1.17-1.38, and 1.17-1.49, respectively). On the other hand, DM9 predicted CVD less well than DM17 (ranges of odds ratios of 0.97-1.08, 1.07-1.85, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The metrics we propose here are easy to measure with data that are already available in a wide array of panel, cohort, and clinical studies. The standardized versions here lose a small amount of predictive power compared to more complete versions, but are nonetheless competitive with existing metrics of overall health. DM17 performs slightly better than DM9 and should be preferred in most cases, but DM9 may still be used when a more limited number of biomarkers is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Véronique Legault
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vincent-Daniel Girard
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Linda P Fried
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, R140810032, USA
| | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, 1036 Belvédère S, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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19
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Cohen AA, Deelen J, Jones OR. Editorial: Mechanisms and Pathways Contributing to the Diversity of Aging Across the Tree of Life. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:854700. [PMID: 35252212 PMCID: PMC8890471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.854700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Centre on Aging, CHUS Research Centre, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Owen R Jones
- The Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics (CPOP) and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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20
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Abstract
The classical evolutionary theories of aging suggest that aging evolves due to insufficient selective pressure against it. In these theories, declining selection pressure with age leads to aging through genes or resource allocations, implying that aging could potentially be stalled were genes, resource allocation, or selection pressure somewhat different. While these classical evolutionary theories are undeniably part of a description of the evolution of aging, they do not explain the diversity of aging patterns, and they do not constitute the only possible evolutionary explanation. Without denying selection pressure a role in the evolution of aging, we argue that the origin and diversity of aging should also be sought in the nature and evolution of organisms that are, from their very physiological make up, unmaintainable. Drawing on advances in developmental biology, genetics, biochemistry, and complex systems theory since the classical theories emerged, we propose a fresh evolutionary-mechanistic theory of aging, the Danaid theory. We argue that, in complex forms of life like humans, various restrictions on maintenance and repair may be inherent, and we show how such restrictions are laid out during development. We further argue that there is systematic variation in these constraints across taxa, and that this is a crucial factor determining variation in aging and lifespan across the tree of life. Accordingly, the core challenge for the field going forward is to map and understand the mosaic of constraints, trade-offs, chance events, and selective pressures that shape aging in diverse ways across diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Wensink
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Centre on Aging, CHUS Research Centre, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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21
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Olde Rikkert MGM, Melis RJF, Cohen AA, (Geeske) Peeters GMEE. Age and Ageing journal 50th anniversary commentary seriesWhy illness is more important than disease in old age. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6501364. [PMID: 35018409 PMCID: PMC8755909 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical reasoning and research in modern geriatrics often prioritises the disease concept. This is understandable as it has brought impressive advances in medicine (e.g. antibiotics, vaccines, successful cancer treatment and many effective surgeries). However, so far the disease framework has not succeeded in getting us to root causes of many age-related chronic diseases (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis). Moreover, in aging and disease constructs alone fail to explain the variability in illness presentations. Therefore, we propose to apply the underused illness concept in a new way by reconsidering the importance of common symptoms in the form of a dynamic network of symptoms as a complementary framework. We show that concepts and methods of complex system thinking now enable to fruitfully monitor and analyse the multiple interactions between symptoms in such in networks, offering new routes for prognosis and treatment. Moreover, close attention to the symptoms that bother older persons may also improve weighing the therapeutic objectives of well-being and survival and aligning treatment targets with the patients’ priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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22
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Cohen AA. A holistic approach to predicting diabetes risk via biomarkers. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103563. [PMID: 34454400 PMCID: PMC8399597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada; Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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23
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Verschoor CP, Belsky DW, Ma J, Cohen AA, Griffith LE, Raina P. Comparing Biological Age Estimates Using Domain-Specific Measures From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:187-194. [PMID: 32598446 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that estimates of biological age (BA) can predict health-related outcomes in older adults. Often, researchers employ multiple measures belonging to a variety of biological/physiological systems, and assess the validity of BA estimates by how well they approximate chronological age (CA). However, it is not clear whether this is the best approach for judging a BA estimate, or whether certain groups of measures are more informative to this end. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we composed panels of biological measures based on the physiological systems/domains they belong to (blood, organ function, physical/cognitive performance), and also composed a panel of measures that optimized the association of BA with CA. We then compared BA estimates for each according to their association with CA and health-related outcomes, including frailty, multimorbidity, chronic condition domains, disability, and health care utilization. Although BA estimated using all 40 measures (r = 0.74) or our age-optimized panel (r = 0.77) most closely approximated CA, the strength of associations to health-related outcomes was comparable or weaker than that of our panel composed only of physical performance measures (CA r = 0.59). All BA estimates were significantly associated to the outcomes considered, with exception to the neurological and musculoskeletal disease domains, and only varied slightly by sex. In summary, while the approximation of CA is important to consider when estimating BA, the strength of associations to prospective outcomes may be of greater importance. Hence, the context in which BA is estimated should be influenced by an investigator's specific research goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health; Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Ghachem A, Dufour F, Fülöp T, Gaudreau P, Cohen AA. Effects of Sex and Physical Activity Level on Serum Biomarker-Based Physiological Dysregulation: The Impact to Predict Frailty and Mortality in the Quebec NuAge Cohort. Gerontology 2021; 67:660-673. [PMID: 33780949 DOI: 10.1159/000514169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related changes in biological processes such as physiological dysregulation (the progressive loss of homeostatic capacity) vary considerably among older adults and may influence health profiles in late life. These differences could be related, at least in part, to the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as sex and physical activity level (PAL). OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the magnitude and rate of changes in physiologi-cal dysregulation in men and women according to PAL and (2) to determine whether/how sex and PAL mediate the apparent influence of physiological dysregulation on health outcomes (frailty and mortality). METHODS We used data on 1,754 community-dwelling older adults (age = 74.4 ± 4.2 years; women = 52.4%) of the Quebec NuAge cohort study. Physiological dysregulation was calculated based on Mahalanobis distance of 31 biomarkers regrouped into 5 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, leukopoiesis, micronutrients, and lipids. RESULTS As expected, mean physiological dysregulation significantly increased with age while PAL decreased. For the same age and PAL, men showed higher levels of physiological dysregulation globally in 3 systems: oxygen transport, liver/kidney function, and leukopoiesis. Men also showed faster global physiological dysregulation in the liver/kidney and leukopoiesis systems. Overall, high PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation. Finally, while mortality and frailty risk significantly increased with physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes and PAL. CONCLUSION Our results showed that both sex and PAL have a significant effect on physiological dysregulation levels and rates of change. Also, although a higher PAL was associated with lower level and slower rate of change of physiological dysregulation, there was no evidence that PAL attenuates the effect of physiological dysregulation on subsequent declines in health at the end of life. Substantial work remains to understand how modifiable behaviors impact the relationship between physiological dysregulation, frailty, and mortality in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ghachem
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Dufour
- Department of Family Medicine, PRIMUS Research Group, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamas Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Research Center of University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, PRIMUS Research Group, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Liu M, Legault V, Fülöp T, Côté AM, Gravel D, Blanchet FG, Leung DL, Lee SJ, Nakazato Y, Cohen AA. Prediction of Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients Using Moving Multivariate Distance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:612494. [PMID: 33776784 PMCID: PMC7993059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.612494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasingly widespread use of biomarkers in network physiology to evaluate an organism’s physiological state. A recent study showed that albumin variability increases before death in chronic hemodialysis patients. We hypothesized that a multivariate statistical approach would better allow us to capture signals of impending physiological collapse/death. We proposed a Moving Multivariate Distance (MMD), based on the Mahalanobis distance, to quantify the variability of the multivariate biomarker profile as a whole from one visit to the next. Biomarker profiles from a visit were used as the reference to calculate MMD at the subsequent visit. We selected 16 biomarkers (of which 11 are measured every 2 weeks) from blood samples of 763 chronic kidney disease patients hemodialyzed at the CHUS hospital in Quebec, who visited the hospital regularly (∼every 2 weeks) to perform routine blood tests. MMD tended to increase markedly preceding death, indicating an increasing intraindividual multivariate variability presaging a critical transition. In survival analysis, the hazard ratio between the 97.5th percentile and the 2.5th percentile of MMD reached as high as 21.1 [95% CI: 14.3, 31.2], showing that higher variability indicates substantially higher mortality risk. Multivariate approaches to early warning signs of critical transitions hold substantial clinical promise to identify early signs of critical transitions, such as risk of death in hemodialysis patients; future work should also explore whether the MMD approach works in other complex systems (i.e., ecosystems, economies), and should compare it to other multivariate approaches to quantify system variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Liu
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Côté
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - F Guillaume Blanchet
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Mathématique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Diana L Leung
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sylvia Juhong Lee
- InfoCentre, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de l'Estrie - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yuichi Nakazato
- Division of Nephrology, Yuai Nisshin Clinic, Hakuyukai Medical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Abstract
The scientific questions we pursue are shaped by our cultural assumptions and biases, often in ways we are unaware. Here, we argue that modern biases against older adults (ageism) have unconsciously led aging biologists to assume that traits of older individuals are negative and those of younger individuals positive. We illustrate this bias with the example of how a medieval Chinese scholar might have approached the task of understanding aging biology. In particular, aging biologists have tended to emphasize functional declines during aging, rather than biological adaptation and population selection or composition processes; the reality is certainly that all these processes interact. Failure to make these distinctions could lead to interventions that improve superficial markers of aging while harming underlying health, particularly as the health priorities of older adults (autonomy, function, freedom from suffering, etc.) are often quite different from the goals of aging biologists (reducing disease, prolonging life). One approach to disentangling positive, negative, and neutral changes is to map trajectories of change across the life course of an individual (physiobiography). We emphasize that our goal is not to criticize our colleagues-we have been guilty too-but rather to help us all improve our science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec.,School of Rehabilitation, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.,Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, Hamilton, Ontario.,McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda P Fried
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec.,Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Physiological and biochemical networks are highly complex, involving thousands of nodes as well as a hierarchical structure. True network structure is also rarely known. This presents major challenges for applying classical network theory to these networks. However, complex systems generally share the property of having a diffuse or distributed signal. Accordingly, we should predict that system state can be robustly estimated with sparse sampling, and with limited knowledge of true network structure. In this review, we summarize recent findings from several methodologies to estimate system state via a limited sample of biomarkers, notably Mahalanobis distance, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis. While statistically simple, these methods allow novel characterizations of system state when applied judiciously. Broadly, system state can often be estimated even from random samples of biomarkers. Furthermore, appropriate methods can detect emergent underlying physiological structure from this sparse data. We propose that approaches such as these are a powerful tool to understand physiology, and could lead to a new understanding and mapping of the functional implications of biological variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Département de Médecine de Famille et de Médecine d’Urgence, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS-de-l’Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Leblanc
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Département de Biochimie et de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Fried LP, Cohen AA, Xue QL, Walston J, Bandeen-Roche K, Varadhan R. The physical frailty syndrome as a transition from homeostatic symphony to cacophony. Nat Aging 2021; 1:36-46. [PMID: 34476409 PMCID: PMC8409463 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-020-00017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frailty in aging marks a state of decreased reserves resulting in increased vulnerability to adverse outcomes when exposed to stressors. This Perspective synthesizes the evidence on the aging-related pathophysiology underpinning the clinical presentation of physical frailty as a phenotype of a clinical syndrome that is distinct from the cumulative-deficit-based frailty index. We focus on integrating the converging evidence on the conceptualization of physical frailty as a state, largely independent of chronic diseases, that emerges when the dysregulation of multiple interconnected physiological and biological systems crosses a threshold to critical dysfunction, severely compromising homeostasis. Our exegesis posits that the physiology underlying frailty is a critically dysregulated complex dynamical system. This conceptual framework implies that interventions such as physical activity that have multisystem effects are more promising to remedy frailty than interventions targeted at replenishing single systems. We then consider how this framework can drive future research to further understanding, prevention and treatment of frailty, which will likely preserve health and resilience in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda P. Fried
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Walston
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Karen Bandeen-Roche, Ravi Varadhan
| | - Ravi Varadhan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Karen Bandeen-Roche, Ravi Varadhan
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Fülöp T, Desroches M, A Cohen A, Santos FAN, Rodrigues S. Why we should use topological data analysis in ageing: Towards defining the “topological shape of ageing”. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Cohen AA, Legault V, Fülöp T. What if there’s no such thing as “aging”? Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 192:111344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Hirokawa K, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:521-536. [PMID: 32930852 PMCID: PMC7490574 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the immune system with aging are considered to underlie many age-related diseases. However, many elderly individuals remain healthy until even a very advanced age. There is also an increase in numbers of centenarians and their apparent fitness. We should therefore change our unilaterally detrimental consideration of age-related immune changes. Recent data taking into consideration the immunobiography concept may allow for meaningful distinctions among various aging trajectories. This implies that the aging immune system has a homeodynamic characteristic balanced between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. The survival and health of an individual depends from the equilibrium of this balance. In this article, we highlight which parts of the aging of the immune system may be considered adaptive in contrast to those that may be maladaptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fulop
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Research Center on Aging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - A Larbi
- Biology of Aging Program and Immunomonitoring Platform, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - K Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo and Nito-memory Nakanosogo Hospital, Department of Pathology, Tokyo Med. Dent. University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - J M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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33
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Cohen AA, Kennedy BK, Anglas U, Bronikowski AM, Deelen J, Dufour F, Ferbeyre G, Ferrucci L, Franceschi C, Frasca D, Friguet B, Gaudreau P, Gladyshev VN, Gonos ES, Gorbunova V, Gut P, Ivanchenko M, Legault V, Lemaître JF, Liontis T, Liu GH, Liu M, Maier AB, Nóbrega OT, Olde Rikkert MGM, Pawelec G, Rheault S, Senior AM, Simm A, Soo S, Traa A, Ukraintseva S, Vanhaelen Q, Van Raamsdonk JM, Witkowski JM, Yashin AI, Ziman R, Fülöp T. Lack of consensus on an aging biology paradigm? A global survey reveals an agreement to disagree, and the need for an interdisciplinary framework. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111316. [PMID: 32693105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
At a recent symposium on aging biology, a debate was held as to whether or not we know what biological aging is. Most of the participants were struck not only by the lack of consensus on this core question, but also on many basic tenets of the field. Accordingly, we undertook a systematic survey of our 71 participants on key questions that were raised during the debate and symposium, eliciting 37 responses. The results confirmed the impression from the symposium: there is marked disagreement on the most fundamental questions in the field, and little consensus on anything other than the heterogeneous nature of aging processes. Areas of major disagreement included what participants viewed as the essence of aging, when it begins, whether aging is programmed or not, whether we currently have a good understanding of aging mechanisms, whether aging is or will be quantifiable, whether aging will be treatable, and whether many non-aging species exist. These disagreements lay bare the urgent need for a more unified and cross-disciplinary paradigm in the biology of aging that will clarify both areas of agreement and disagreement, allowing research to proceed more efficiently. We suggest directions to encourage the emergence of such a paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore; National University Health System (NUHS) Centre for Healthy Longevity, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR, Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Dr., 117609, Singapore; Buck Institute for Research on Ageing, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, United States.
| | - Ulrich Anglas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Anne M Bronikowski
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States.
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, PO Box 41 06 23, 50866, Cologne, Germany; Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Frédérik Dufour
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, 3001 S. Hanover Street, Baltimore, MD, 21225, United States.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 33 Via Zamboni, Bologna, 40126 BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, Padiglione G, 3 Via Altura, Bologna, 40139, BO, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics (ITMM), Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod-National Research University (UNN), 23 Gagarin Avenue, 603950, Nizhnij Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, United States.
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Institut De Biologie Paris-Seine, Biological Adaptation and Aging, B2A-IBPS, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Pierrette Gaudreau
- Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De l'Université De Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis St, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université De Montréal, 2900, Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, 11635, Greece.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester, NY, 14627, United States.
| | - Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Thomas Liontis
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Mingxin Liu
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, 34-54 Poplar Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van Der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Otávio T Nóbrega
- Medical Centre for the Elderly, University Hospital, University of Brasília (UnB), 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal (CRIUGM), 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montreal, Qc, H3W 1W5, Canada.
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Reinier Postlaan 4, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf Der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, 56 Walford Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Rheault
- Département De Neurosciences, Université De Montréal, 2960 Chemin De La Tour, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre De Recherche De l'Institut Universitaire De Gériatrie De Montréal, 4545 Chemin Queen-Mary, Montréal, QC, H3W 1W4, Canada.
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Andreas Simm
- University Clinic and Outpatient Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Middle German Heart Centre, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube Str. 40, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sonja Soo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Annika Traa
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Metabolic Disorders and Complications Program, and Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Svetlana Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States.
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., 307A, Core Building 1, 1 Science Park East Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong.
| | - Jeremy M Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, 2024W. Main St, Durham, NC, 27705, United States.
| | - Robert Ziman
- Groupe De Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Tamàs Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada; Research Center on Aging, 1036 Rue Belvédère S, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada.
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34
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Wey TW, Roberge É, Legault V, Kemnitz JW, Ferrucci L, Cohen AA. An Emergent Integrated Aging Process Conserved Across Primates. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1689-1698. [PMID: 31046108 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process emerging from integrated physiological networks. Recent work using principal component analysis (PCA) of multisystem biomarkers proposed a novel fundamental physiological process, "integrated albunemia," which was consistent across human populations and more strongly associated with age and mortality risk than individual biomarkers. Here we tested for integrated albunemia and associations with age and mortality across six diverse nonhuman primate species and humans. PCA of 13 physiological biomarkers recovered in all species a primary axis of variation (PC1) resembling integrated albunemia, which increased with age in all but one species but was less predictive of mortality risk. Within species, PC1 scores were often reliably recovered with a minimal biomarker subset and usually stable between sexes. Even among species, correlations in PC1 structure were often strong, but the effect of phylogeny was inconclusive. Thus, integrated albunemia likely reflects an evolutionarily conserved process across primates and appears to be generally associated with aging but not necessarily with negative impacts on survival. Integrated albunemia is unlikely to be the only conserved emergent physiological process; our findings hence have implications both for the evolution of the aging process and of physiological networks more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina W Wey
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Émy Roberge
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Joseph W Kemnitz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
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35
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Abstract
Growing elderly populations, sometimes referred to as gray (or silver) tsunami, are an increasingly serious health and socioeconomic concern for modern societies. Science has made tremendous progress in the understanding of aging itself, which has helped medicine to extend life expectancies. With the increase of the life expectancy, the incidence of chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) has also increased. A new approach trying to solve this problem is the concept of geroscience. This concept implies that the aging process itself is the common cause of all ARDs. The corollary and consequence of such thinking is that we can and should treat aging itself as a disease. How to translate this into the medical practice is a big challenge, but if we consider aging as a disease the problem is solved. However, as there is no common definition of what aging is, what its causes are, why it occurs, and what should be the target(s) for interventions, it is impossible to conclude that aging is a disease. On the contrary, aging should be strongly considered not to be a disease and as such should not be treated; nonetheless, aging is likely amenable to optimization of changes/adaptations at an individual level to achieve a better functional healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Cohen AA, Wey TW, Dansereau G, Roberge E, Legault V, Brunet M, Kemnitz JW, Ferrucci L. CONSERVATION OF INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AGING MECHANISMS ACROSS PRIMATES. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6840333 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological dysregulation (PD) and integrated albunemia (IA) are organism-level aging mechanisms that can be measured using standard biomarkers, and in humans they have been shown to increase with age and predict health outcomes. Here, we use 10 species from the Internet Primate Aging Database (iPAD), a longitudinal database of biomarkers and mortality in captive primates, to analyze the generalizability of the role of PD and IA in aging, as well as the conservation of the underlying physiology. Human patterns are broadly but not universally replicated in primates. For example, PD increases with age in nine of eleven species, and predicts mortality in three of four. Both IA and PD can to some extent be cross-calibrated across species, indicating surprising conservation of underlying homeostatic norms; in the case of PD, the calibration weakens with phylogenetic distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tina W Wey
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Emy Roberge
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie Brunet
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Cohen AA, Nakazato Y, Sugiyama T, Leung DL, Legault V, Côté AM. INCREASED PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY PREDICTS DECLINING HEALTH AND CRITICAL TRANSITIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6844849 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased variability in levels of several individual biomarkers has been shown to predict adverse outcomes, particularly in hemodialysis patients, for whom time series data is often available. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of using multivariate approaches to quantify global physiological variability as a potential predictor of adverse outcomes. We used data on 588 deaths and 1196 hospitalisations across ~38,000 visits of 591 hemodialysis patients at a Quebec hospital, as well as data on frailty and mortality in 580 patients assessed 20+ times within a one-year period at a hospital in Saitama, Japan. We use two approaches: principal components analysis (PCA) of the coefficients of variation (CVs) of the individual biomarkers over the previous year, and Mahalanobis distance (MD) of the biomarker profile relative to the same profile at the previous time point. We show that both methods provide substantial prediction of both impending mortality and impending hospitalisation, with hazard ratios across the 95% quantile range of the indices varying between 1.5 and 3.5 (p<0.0001). Each unit change on the first PCA axis (PC1) increased frailty odds by 2.34 (95% CI: 1.21-4.52). PCA performed substantially better than MD. CVs of various biomarkers were consistently positively correlated, and PC1 was a good predictor of frailty, mortality, and hospitalisation. Overall, these results confirm that complex physiological integration can break down, resulting in loss of homeostatic control and increasing variability, as predicted by complex systems theory. The resulting indices provide a predictive signal of impending critical health transitions, with both theoretical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Diana L Leung
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS Department of Family Medicine University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Christophe F. D. Coste
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Unité Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | - Xiang‐Yi Li
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Salomé Bourg
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR5558 Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
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Fuellen G, Jansen L, Cohen AA, Luyten W, Gogol M, Simm A, Saul N, Cirulli F, Berry A, Antal P, Köhling R, Wouters B, Möller S. Health and Aging: Unifying Concepts, Scores, Biomarkers and Pathways. Aging Dis 2019; 10:883-900. [PMID: 31440392 PMCID: PMC6675520 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing research efforts, there is a lack of consensus on defining aging or health. To understand the underlying processes, and to foster the development of targeted interventions towards increasing one's health, there is an urgent need to find a broadly acceptable and useful definition of health, based on a list of (molecular) features; to operationalize features of health so that it can be measured; to identify predictive biomarkers and (molecular) pathways of health; and to suggest interventions, such as nutrition and exercise, targeted at putative causal pathways and processes. Based on a survey of the literature, we propose to define health as a state of an individual characterized by the core features of physiological, cognitive, physical and reproductive function, and a lack of disease. We further define aging as the aggregate of all processes in an individual that reduce its wellbeing, that is, its health or survival or both. We define biomarkers of health by their attribute of predicting future health better than chronological age. We define healthspan pathways as molecular features of health that relate to each other by belonging to the same molecular pathway. Our conceptual framework may integrate diverse operationalizations of health and guide precision prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Fuellen
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock, Germany.
| | - Ludger Jansen
- Institute of Philosophy, University of Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Walter Luyten
- KU Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manfred Gogol
- Institute of Gerontology, University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Simm
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Nadine Saul
- Humboldt-University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy.
| | - Peter Antal
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
- Abiomics Europe Ltd., Hungary.
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Physiology, Rostock, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen Möller
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research (IBIMA), Rostock, Germany.
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40
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Cohen AA, Legault V, Li Q, Fried LP, Ferrucci L. Men Sustain Higher Dysregulation Levels Than Women Without Becoming Frail. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:175-184. [PMID: 28977345 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process differs in important ways between the sexes, with women living longer but at higher risk for frailty (the male-female health-survival paradox). The underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood, but may relate to sex differences in physiological dysregulation patterns. Here, using biomarkers from two longitudinal cohort studies (InCHIANTI and BLSA) and one cross-sectional survey (NHANES), we assess sex differences in trajectories of dysregulation globally and for five physiological systems: oxygen transport, electrolytes, hematopoiesis, lipids, and liver/kidney function. We found higher dysregulation levels in men, both globally and in the oxygen transport and hematopoietic systems (p < .001 for all), though differences for other systems were mixed (electrolytes) or absent (lipids and liver/kidney). There was no clear evidence for sex differences in rates of change in dysregulation with age. Although risk of frailty and mortality increase with dysregulation, there was no evidence for differences in these effects between sexes. These findings imply that the greater susceptibility of women to frailty is not simply due to a tolerance for higher dysregulation; rather, it may actually be men that have a greater tolerance for dysregulation, creating a male-female dysregulation-frailty paradox. However, the precise physiological mechanisms underlying the sex differences appear to be diffuse and hard to pin down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linda P Fried
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
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Dansereau G, Wey TW, Legault V, Brunet MA, Kemnitz JW, Ferrucci L, Cohen AA. Conservation of physiological dysregulation signatures of aging across primates. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12925. [PMID: 30746836 PMCID: PMC6413749 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major goals in the current biology of aging are to identify general mechanisms underlying the aging process and to explain species differences in aging. Recent research in humans suggests that one important driver of aging is dysregulation, the progressive loss of homeostasis in complex biological networks. Yet, there is a lack of comparative data for this hypothesis, and we do not know whether dysregulation is widely associated with aging or how well signals of homeostasis are conserved. To address this knowledge gap, we use unusually detailed longitudinal biomarker data from 10 species of nonhuman primates housed in research centers and data from two human populations to test the hypotheses that (a) greater dysregulation is associated with aging across primates and (b) physiological states characterizing homeostasis are conserved across primates to degrees associated with phylogenetic proximity. To evaluate dysregulation, we employed a multivariate distance measure, calculated from sets of biomarkers, that is associated with aging and mortality in human populations. Dysregulation scores positively correlated with age and risk of mortality in most nonhuman primates studied, and signals of homeostatic state were significantly conserved across species, declining with phylogenetic distance. Our study provides the first broad demonstration of physiological dysregulation associated with aging and mortality risk in multiple nonhuman primates. Our results also imply that emergent signals of homeostasis are evolutionarily conserved, although with notable variation among species, and suggest promising directions for future comparative studies on dysregulation and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dansereau
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Tina W. Wey
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
| | - Marie A. Brunet
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
- PROTEO; Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering; Quebec Canada
| | - Joseph W. Kemnitz
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology; University of Wisconsin; School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison Wisconsin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section; National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine; University of Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Quebec Canada
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Renaud LA, Blanchet FG, Cohen AA, Pelletier F. Causes and short-term consequences of variation in milk composition in wild sheep. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:857-869. [PMID: 30883718 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists seek to understand the fitness consequences of variation in physiological markers, under the hypothesis that physiological state is linked to variability in individual condition and life history. Thus, ecologists are often interested in estimating correlations between entire suites of correlated traits, or biomarkers, but sample size limitations often do not allow us to do this properly when large numbers of traits or biomarkers are considered. Latent variables are a powerful tool to overcome this complexity. Recent statistical advances have enabled a new class of multivariate models-multivariate hierarchical modelling (MHM) with latent variables-which allow to statistically estimate unstructured covariances/correlations among traits with reduced constraints on the number of degrees of freedom to account in the model. It is thus possible to highlight correlated structures in potentially very large numbers of traits. Here, we apply MHM to evaluate the relative importance of individual differences and environmental effects on milk composition and identify the drivers of this variation. We ask whether variation in bighorn sheep milk affects offspring fitness. We evaluate whether mothers show repeatable individual differences in the concentrations of 11 markers of milk composition, and we investigate the relative importance of annual variability, maternal identity and morphological traits in structuring milk composition. We then use variance estimates to investigate how a subset of repeatable milk markers influence lamb summer survival. Repeatability of milk markers ranged from 0.05 to 0.64 after accounting for year-to-year variations. Milk composition was weakly but significantly associated with maternal mass in June and September, summer mass gain and winter mass loss. Variation explained by year-to-year fluctuations ranged from 0.07 to 0.91 suggesting a strong influence of environmental variability on milk composition. Milk composition did not affect lamb survival to weaning. Using joint models in ecological, physiological or behavioural contexts has the major advantage of decomposing a (co)variance/correlation matrix while being estimated with fewer parameters than in a "traditional" mixed-effects model. The joint models presented here complement a growing list of tools to analyse correlations at different hierarchical levels separately and may thus represent a partial solution to the conundrum of physiological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limoilou-Amelie Renaud
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, McGill University, Stewart Biology Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanie Pelletier
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.,Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, McGill University, Stewart Biology Building, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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43
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Arbeev KG, Ukraintseva SV, Bagley O, Zhbannikov IY, Cohen AA, Kulminski AM, Yashin AI. "Physiological Dysregulation" as a Promising Measure of Robustness and Resilience in Studies of Aging and a New Indicator of Preclinical Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:462-468. [PMID: 29939206 PMCID: PMC6417443 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently suggested novel implementation of the statistical distance measure (DM) for evaluating "physiological dysregulation" (PD) in aging individuals (based on measuring deviations of multiple biomarkers from baseline or normal physiological states) allows reducing high-dimensional biomarker space into a single PD estimate. Here we constructed DM using biomarker profiles from FRAMCOHORT (Framingham Heart Study) and CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study) Research Materials obtained from the NHLBI Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center, and estimated effect of PD on total survival, onset of unhealthy life (proxy for "robustness") and survival following the onset of unhealthy life (proxy for "resilience"). We investigated relationships between PD and declines in stress resistance and adaptive capacity not directly observed in data. PD was more strongly associated with the onset of unhealthy life than with survival after disease suggesting that declines in robustness and resilience with age may have overlapping as well as distinct mechanisms. We conclude that multiple deviations of physiological markers from their normal states (reflected in higher PD) may contribute to increased vulnerability to many diseases and precede their clinical manifestation. This supports potential use of PD in health care as a preclinical indicator of transition from healthy to unhealthy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Arbeev
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Svetlana V Ukraintseva
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Olivia Bagley
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ilya Y Zhbannikov
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Alexander M Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anatoliy I Yashin
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
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44
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Fowler MA, Paquet M, Legault V, Cohen AA, Williams TD. Physiological predictors of reproductive performance in the European Starling ( Sturnus vulgaris). Front Zool 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 30479645 PMCID: PMC6249724 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is widely assumed that variation in fitness components has a physiological basis that might underlie selection on trade-offs, but the mechanisms driving decreased survival and future fecundity remain elusive. Here, we assessed whether physiological variables are related to workload ability or immediate fitness consequences and if they mediate future survival or reproductive success. We used data on 13 physiological variables measured in 93 female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) at two breeding stages (incubation, chick-rearing), for first-and second-broods over two years (152 observations). Results There was little co-variation among the physiological variables, either in incubating or chick-rearing birds, but some systematic physiological differences between the two stages. Chick-rearing birds had lower hematocrit and plasma creatine kinase but higher hemoglobin, triglyceride and uric acid levels. Only plasma corticosterone was repeatable between incubation and chick-rearing. We assessed relationships between incubation or chick-rearing physiology and measures of workload, current productivity, future fecundity or survival in a univariate manner, and found very few significant relationships. Thus, we next explored the utility of multivariate analysis (principal components analysis, Mahalanobis distance) to account for potentially complex physiological integration, but still found no clear associations. Conclusions This implies either that a) birds maintained physiological variables within a homeostatic range that did not affect their performance, b) there are relatively few links between physiology and performance, or, more likely, c) that the complexity of these relationships exceeds our ability to measure it. Variability in ecological context may complicate the relationship between physiology and behavior. We thus urge caution regarding the over-interpretation of isolated significant findings, based on single traits in single years, in the literature. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-018-0288-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Fowler
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada.,Present address: Springfield College Biology, 263 Alden Street, Springfield, MA 01109-3797 USA
| | - Mélissa Paquet
- 3Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Véronique Legault
- 3Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- 3Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- 1Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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45
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Levine M, Cohen AA. ADVANCING GEROSCIENCE: NEW METHODS FOR GENOMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AGING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Levine
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - A A Cohen
- Universite de Sherbrooke, St-Denis-de-Brompton, Quebec
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Cohen AA, Dufour F, Jacques P. BROAD-SCALE, MULTI-SYSTEM DYSREGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION: TOWARD CLINICAL QUANTIFICATION OF AGING. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A A Cohen
- Universite de Sherbrooke, St-Denis-de-Brompton, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Dufour
- Department of Biology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - P Jacques
- National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Belsky DW, Moffitt TE, Cohen AA, Corcoran DL, Levine ME, Prinz JA, Schaefer J, Sugden K, Williams B, Poulton R, Caspi A. Eleven Telomere, Epigenetic Clock, and Biomarker-Composite Quantifications of Biological Aging: Do They Measure the Same Thing? Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1220-1230. [PMID: 29149257 PMCID: PMC6248475 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The geroscience hypothesis posits that therapies to slow biological processes of aging can prevent disease and extend healthy years of life. To test such "geroprotective" therapies in humans, outcome measures are needed that can assess extension of disease-free life span. This need has spurred development of different methods to quantify biological aging. But different methods have not been systematically compared in the same humans. We implemented 7 methods to quantify biological aging using repeated-measures physiological and genomic data in 964 middle-aged humans in the Dunedin Study (New Zealand; persons born 1972-1973). We studied 11 measures in total: telomere-length and erosion, 3 epigenetic-clocks and their ticking rates, and 3 biomarker-composites. Contrary to expectation, we found low agreement between different measures of biological aging. We next compared associations between biological aging measures and outcomes that geroprotective therapies seek to modify: physical functioning, cognitive decline, and subjective signs of aging, including aged facial appearance. The 71-cytosine-phosphate-guanine epigenetic clock and biomarker composites were consistently related to these aging-related outcomes. However, effect sizes were modest. Results suggested that various proposed approaches to quantifying biological aging may not measure the same aspects of the aging process. Further systematic evaluation and refinement of measures of biological aging is needed to furnish outcomes for geroprotector trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - David L Corcoran
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joseph A Prinz
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan Schaefer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Center, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Brunet MA, Levesque SA, Hunting DJ, Cohen AA, Roucou X. Recognition of the polycistronic nature of human genes is critical to understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship. Genome Res 2018; 28:609-624. [PMID: 29626081 PMCID: PMC5932603 DOI: 10.1101/gr.230938.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances promise unprecedented opportunities for whole exome sequencing and proteomic analyses of populations. Currently, data from genome and exome sequencing or proteomic studies are searched against reference genome annotations. This provides the foundation for research and clinical screening for genetic causes of pathologies. However, current genome annotations substantially underestimate the proteomic information encoded within a gene. Numerous studies have now demonstrated the expression and function of alternative (mainly small, sometimes overlapping) ORFs within mature gene transcripts. This has important consequences for the correlation of phenotypes and genotypes. Most alternative ORFs are not yet annotated because of a lack of evidence, and this absence from databases precludes their detection by standard proteomic methods, such as mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate how current approaches tend to overlook alternative ORFs, hindering the discovery of new genetic drivers and fundamental research. We discuss available tools and techniques to improve identification of proteins from alternative ORFs and finally suggest a novel annotation system to permit a more complete representation of the transcriptomic and proteomic information contained within a gene. Given the crucial challenge of distinguishing functional ORFs from random ones, the suggested pipeline emphasizes both experimental data and conservation signatures. The addition of alternative ORFs in databases will render identification less serendipitous and advance the pace of research and genomic knowledge. This review highlights the urgent medical and research need to incorporate alternative ORFs in current genome annotations and thus permit their inclusion in hypotheses and models, which relate phenotypes and genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Brunet
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada.,Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.,PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien A Levesque
- Pediatric Department, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Darel J Hunting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1E 4K8, Canada.,PROTEO, Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Structure, and Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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49
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G, Le Page A, Frost EH, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM, Franceschi C. Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2018; 8:1960. [PMID: 29375577 PMCID: PMC5767595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is the most important protective physiological system of the organism. It has many connections with other systems and is, in fact, often considered as part of the larger neuro–endocrine–immune axis. Most experimental data on immune changes with aging show a decline in many immune parameters when compared to young healthy subjects. The bulk of these changes is termed immunosenescence. Immunosenescence has been considered for some time as detrimental because it often leads to subclinical accumulation of pro-inflammatory factors and inflamm-aging. Together, immunosenescence and inflamm-aging are suggested to stand at the origin of most of the diseases of the elderly, such as infections, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, an increasing number of immune-gerontologists have challenged this negative interpretation of immunosenescence with respect to its significance in aging-related alterations of the immune system. If one considers these changes from an evolutionary perspective, they can be viewed preferably as adaptive or remodeling rather than solely detrimental. Whereas it is conceivable that global immune changes may lead to various diseases, it is also obvious that these changes may be needed for extended survival/longevity. Recent cumulative data suggest that, without the existence of the immunosenescence/inflamm-aging duo (representing two sides of the same phenomenon), human longevity would be greatly shortened. This review summarizes recent data on the dynamic reassessment of immune changes with aging. Accordingly, attempts to intervene on the aging immune system by targeting its rejuvenation, it may be more suitable to aim to maintain general homeostasis and function by appropriately improving immune-inflammatory-functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Italian National Research Center on Aging, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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50
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Cohen AA, Morissette-Thomas V, Ferrucci L, Fried LP. Deep biomarkers of aging are population-dependent. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:2253-2255. [PMID: 27622833 PMCID: PMC5076461 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- The National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Linda P Fried
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA
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