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Bay B, Fuh MM, Rohde J, Worthmann A, Goßling A, Arnold N, Koester L, Lorenz T, Blaum C, Kirchhof P, Blankenberg S, Seiffert M, Brunner FJ, Waldeyer C, Heeren J. Sex differences in lipidomic and bile acid plasma profiles in patients with and without coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:197. [PMID: 38926753 PMCID: PMC11201360 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids, including phospholipids and bile acids, exert various signaling effects and are thought to contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we aimed to compare lipidomic and bile acid profiles in the blood of patients with and without CAD stratified by sex. METHODS From 2015 to 2022, 3,012 patients who underwent coronary angiography were recruited in the INTERCATH cohort. From the overall cohort, subgroups were defined using patient characteristics such as CAD vs. no CAD, 1st vs. 3rd tertile of LDL-c, and female vs. male sex. Hereafter, a matching algorithm based on age, BMI, hypertension status, diabetes mellitus status, smoking status, the Mediterranean diet score, and the intake of statins, triglycerides, HDL-c and hs-CRP in a 1:1 ratio was implemented. Lipidomic analyses of stored blood samples using the Lipidyzer platform (SCIEX) and bile acid analysis using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) were carried out. RESULTS A total of 177 matched individuals were analyzed; the median ages were 73.5 years (25th and 75th percentile: 64.1, 78.2) and 71.9 years (65.7, 77.2) for females and males with CAD, respectively, and 67.6 years (58.3, 75.3) and 69.2 years (59.8, 76.8) for females and males without CAD, respectively. Further baseline characteristics, including cardiovascular risk factors, were balanced between the groups. Women with CAD had decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine and diacylglycerol, while no differences in bile acid profiles were detected in comparison to those of female patients without CAD. In contrast, in male patients with CAD, decreased concentrations of the secondary bile acid species glycolithocholic and lithocholic acid, as well as altered levels of specific lipids, were detected compared to those in males without CAD. Notably, male patients with low LDL-c and CAD had significantly greater concentrations of various phospholipid species, particularly plasmalogens, compared to those in high LDL-c subgroup. CONCLUSIONS We present hypothesis-generating data on sex-specific lipidomic patterns and bile acid profiles in CAD patients. The data suggest that altered lipid and bile acid composition might contribute to CAD development and/or progression, helping to understand the different disease trajectories of CAD in women and men. REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04936438 , Unique identifier: NCT04936438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bay
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rohde
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina Goßling
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Arnold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Koester
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thiess Lorenz
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Blaum
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Seiffert
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian J Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Population Health Innovation (POINT), University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Waldeyer
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Martins D, Silva C, Ferreira AC, Dourado S, Albuquerque A, Saraiva F, Batista AB, Castro P, Leite-Moreira A, Barros AS, Miranda IM. Unravelling the Gut Microbiome Role in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 38927134 PMCID: PMC11201797 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A notable shift in understanding the human microbiome's influence on cardiovascular disease (CVD) is underway, although the causal association remains elusive. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesise current knowledge on microbial taxonomy and metabolite variations between healthy controls (HCs) and those with CVD. An extensive search encompassing three databases identified 67 relevant studies (2012-2023) covering CVD pathologies from 4707 reports. Metagenomic and metabolomic data, both qualitative and quantitative, were obtained. Analysis revealed substantial variability in microbial alpha and beta diversities. Moreover, specific changes in bacterial populations were shown, including increased Streptococcus and Proteobacteria and decreased Faecalibacterium in patients with CVD compared with HC. Additionally, elevated trimethylamine N-oxide levels were reported in CVD cases. Biochemical parameter analysis indicated increased fasting glucose and triglycerides and decreased total cholesterol and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in diseased individuals. This study revealed a significant relationship between certain bacterial species and CVD. Additionally, it has become clear that there are substantial inconsistencies in the methodologies employed and the reporting standards adhered to in various studies. Undoubtedly, standardising research methodologies and developing extensive guidelines for microbiome studies are crucial for advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Martins
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Carlos Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Dourado
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Albuquerque
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Saraiva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Beatriz Batista
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castro
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Neurology, São João Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António S. Barros
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre—UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Habib M, Croyal M, Kaeffer B, Grit I, Castellano B, Gourdel M, Le May C, Thorin C, Nazih H, Ouguerram K. Gestational cholestyramine treatment protects adult offspring of ApoE-deficient mice against maternal-hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14133. [PMID: 38546340 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Perinatal hypercholesterolemia exacerbates the development of atherosclerotic plaques in adult offspring. Here, we aimed to study the effect of maternal treatment with cholestyramine, a lipid-lowering drug, on atherosclerosis development in adult offspring of hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were treated with 3% cholestyramine (CTY) during gestation (G). After weaning, offspring (CTY-G) were fed control diet until sacrificed at 25weeks of age. Atherosclerosis development in the aortic root of offspring was assessed after oil-red-o staining, along with some of predefined atherosclerosis regulators such as LDL and HDL by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and bile acids (BA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS In pregnant dams, cholestyramine treatment resulted in significantly lower plasma total- and LDL-cholesterol as well as gallbladder total BA levels. In offspring, both males and females born to treated dams displayed reduced atherosclerotic plaques areas along with less lipid deposition in the aortic root. No significant change in plasma total cholesterol or triglycerides was measured in offspring, but CTY-G males had increased HDL-cholesterol and decreased apolipoproteins B100 to A-I ratio. This latter group also showed reduced gallbladder total and specifically tauro-conjugated bile acid pools, whereas for CTY-G females, hydrophilic plasma tauro-conjugated BA pool was significantly higher. They also benefited from lower plasma TMAO. CONCLUSION Prenatal cholestyramine treatment reduces atherosclerosis development in adult offspring of ApoE-/- mice along with modulating the plaques' composition as well as some related biomarkers such as HDL-C, bile acids and TMAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Habib
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Mikael Croyal
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
- UMS 016, UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Grit
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Blandine Castellano
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Gourdel
- Institut du thorax, Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- UMS 016, UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- UMR0703 PAnTher, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | - Hassan Nazih
- UR2160 ISOMer, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Khadija Ouguerram
- UMR1280 Pathophysiology of Nutritional Adaptations, Nantes Université, INRAE, Nantes, France
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Matrai AA, Varga A, Fazekas LA, Bedocs-Barath B, Nellamkuzhi NJ, Nghi TB, Nemeth N, Deak A. Effect of Bile on Hemodynamics and Blood Micro-Rheological Parameters in Experimental Models of Bilhemia. Metabolites 2024; 14:211. [PMID: 38668339 PMCID: PMC11052063 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a rare complication of liver injury and certain interventions, bile can enter the bloodstream depending on the pressure gradient, resulting in bilhemia. Its micro-rheological and hemodynamic effects are still unclear. We aimed to study these parameters in experimental bilhemia models. Under general anesthesia, via laparotomy, bile was obtained by gallbladder puncture from pigs and by choledochal duct cannulation from rats. In vitro, 1 µL and 5 µL of bile were mixed with 500 µL of anticoagulated autologous blood. The systemic effect was also assessed (i.v. bile, 200 µL/bwkg). Hemodynamic and hematological parameters were monitored, and red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation were determined. RBC deformability significantly decreased with the increasing bile concentration in vitro (1 µL: p = 0.033; 5 µL: p < 0.001) in both species. The RBC aggregation index values were concomitantly worsened (1 µL: p < 0.001; 5 µL: p < 0.001). The mean arterial pressure and heart rate decreased by 15.2 ± 6.9% and 4.6 ± 2.1% in rats (in 10.6 ± 2.6 s) and by 32.1 ± 14% and 25.2 ± 11.63% in pigs (in 48.3 ± 18.9 s). Restoration of the values was observed in 45 ± 9.5 s (rats) and 130 ± 20 s (pigs). Bilhemia directly affected the hemodynamic parameters and caused micro-rheological deterioration. The magnitude and dynamics of the changes were different for the two species.
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Castro R, Kalecký K, Huang NK, Petersen K, Singh V, Ross AC, Neuberger T, Bottiglieri T. A very-low carbohydrate content in a high-fat diet modifies the plasma metabolome and impacts systemic inflammation and experimental atherosclerosis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 126:109562. [PMID: 38176626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) are very high-fat low-carbohydrate diets that promote nutritional ketosis and are widely used for weight loss, although concerns about potential adverse cardiovascular effects remain. We investigated a very high-fat KD's vascular impact and plasma metabolic signature compared to a non-ketogenic high-fat diet (HFD). Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE -/-) mice were fed a KD (%kcal:81:1:18, fat/carbohydrate/protein), a non-ketogenic high-fat diet with half of the fat content (HFD) (%kcal:40:42:18, fat/carbohydrate/protein) for 12 weeks. Plasma samples were used to quantify the major ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and TNF alpha), and to targeted metabolomic profiling by mass spectrometry. In addition, aortic atherosclerotic lesions were quantified ex-vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a 14-tesla system. KD was atherogenic when compared to the control diet, but KD mice, when compared to the HFD group (1) had markedly higher levels of BHB and lower levels of cytokines, confirming the presence of ketosis that alleviated the well-established fat-induced systemic inflammation; (2) displayed significant changes in the plasma metabolome that included a decrease in lipophilic metabolites and an increase in hydrophilic metabolites; (3) had significantly lower levels of several atherogenic lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters, sphingomyelins, and ceramides; and (4) presented significantly lower aortic plaque burden. KD was atherogenic and was associated with specific metabolic changes but alleviated the fat-induced inflammation and lessened the progression of atherosclerosis when compared to the HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Castro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Karel Kalecký
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA; Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Neil K Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Longtine AG, Greenberg NT, Bernaldo de Quirós Y, Brunt VE. The gut microbiome as a modulator of arterial function and age-related arterial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H986-H1005. [PMID: 38363212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The arterial system is integral to the proper function of all other organs and tissues. Arterial function is impaired with aging, and arterial dysfunction contributes to the development of numerous age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important regulator of both normal host physiological function and impairments in function with aging. The purpose of this review is to summarize more recently published literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiome in supporting normal arterial development and function and in modulating arterial dysfunction with aging in the absence of overt disease. The gut microbiome can be altered due to a variety of exposures, including physiological aging processes. We explore mechanisms by which the gut microbiome may contribute to age-related arterial dysfunction, with a focus on changes in various gut microbiome-related compounds in circulation. In addition, we discuss how modulating circulating levels of these compounds may be a viable therapeutic approach for improving artery function with aging. Finally, we identify and discuss various experimental considerations and research gaps/areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Longtine
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Nathan T Greenberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Yara Bernaldo de Quirós
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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Geng T, Lu Q, Jiang L, Guo K, Yang K, Liao YF, He M, Liu G, Tang H, Pan A. Circulating concentrations of bile acids and prevalent chronic kidney disease among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2024; 23:28. [PMID: 38429722 PMCID: PMC10908139 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between circulating bile acids (BAs) and kidney function among patients with type 2 diabetes is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations of circulating concentrations of BAs, particularly individual BA subtypes, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included 1234 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes who participated in an ongoing prospective study, the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Circulating primary and secondary unconjugated BAs and their taurine- or glycine-conjugates were measured using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Logistic regression model was used to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS After adjusting for multiple testing, higher levels of total primary BAs (OR per standard deviation [SD] increment: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65-0.92), cholate (OR per SD: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66-0.92), chenodeoxycholate (OR per SD: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96), glycocholate (OR per SD: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.68-0.96), and glycochenodeoxycholate (OR per SD: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.97) were associated with a lower likelihood of having CKD in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. No significant relationships between secondary BAs and odds of CKD were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that higher concentrations of circulating unconjugated primary BAs and their glycine-conjugates, but not taurine-conjugates or secondary BAs, were associated with lower odds of having CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Institute of Nutrition, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Limiao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kunquan Guo
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yun-Fei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Lu Q, Chen J, Jiang L, Geng T, Tian S, Liao Y, Yang K, Zheng Y, He M, Tang H, Pan A, Liu G. Gut microbiota-derived secondary bile acids, bile acids receptor polymorphisms, and risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:324-332. [PMID: 38309826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary bile acids (SBAs), the products of bacterial metabolism, are ligands of the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and have been implicated in cardiovascular health. Diet can modulate gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of circulating SBAs and their receptor polymorphisms with the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A total of 1234 participants with newly diagnosed T2D without CVD or cancer were included from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort study in China. Circulating SBAs and their conjugated forms were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fifteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding bile acid receptors were genotyped. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.7 y, 259 incident CVD cases were documented. After multivariable adjustment, higher levels of unconjugated SBAs [sum of deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid] and DCA were significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD among people with T2D, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.62 (1.12, 2.35) and 1.46 (1.04, 2.06) comparing the extreme quartile of SBAs and DCA, respectively. Restricted cubic spline regression suggested a linear relationship of unconjugated SBAs and DCA with an elevated risk of CVD, and per standard deviation, an increment in natural log-transformed unconjugated SBAs and DCA was associated with an 18% (95% CI: 4%, 34%) and 16% (95% CI: 2%, 33%) higher risk of CVD, respectively. Moreover, genetic variants in FXR (rs56163822 TT compared with GG, and rs17030295 TT compared with CC) were significantly associated with a 121%-129% higher risk of CVD among individuals with T2D. CONCLUSIONS A higher proportion of unconjugated SBAs, especially DCA, is linearly associated with a higher risk of CVD among people with newly diagnosed T2D. Our findings support the potential role of gut microbiota-derived SBAs in cardiovascular health in individuals with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limiao Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shufan Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Groenen C, Nguyen TA, Paulusma C, van de Graaf S. Bile salt signaling and bile salt-based therapies in cardiometabolic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:1-21. [PMID: 38180064 PMCID: PMC10767275 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bile salts have an established role in the emulsification and intestinal absorption of dietary lipids, and their homeostasis is tightly controlled by various transporters and regulators in the enterohepatic circulation. Notably, emerging evidence points toward bile salts as major modulators of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), an umbrella disease of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels that is caused by systemic metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the latter encompassing also metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The underlying mechanisms of protective effects of bile salts are their hormonal properties, enabling them to exert versatile metabolic effects by activating various bile salt-responsive signaling receptors with the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) as most extensively investigated. Activation of FXR and TGR5 is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, and inflammation. Bile salt-based therapies directly targeting FXR and TGR5 signaling have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential in CMD. More recently, therapeutics targeting bile salt transporters thereby modulating bile salt localization, dynamics, and signaling, have been developed and evaluated in CMD. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of bile salt signaling in the pathogenesis of CMD and the potential of bile salt-based therapies for the treatment of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C.J. Groenen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Thuc-Anh Nguyen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
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10
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Ahmad AF, Caparrós-Martin JA, Gray N, Lodge S, Wist J, Lee S, O'Gara F, Dwivedi G, Ward NC. Gut microbiota and metabolomics profiles in patients with chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:48-64. [PMID: 37811721 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00072.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The gut microbiota and its associated metabolites may be involved in the development and progression of CVD, although the mechanisms and impact on clinical outcomes are not fully understood. This study investigated the gut microbiome profile and associated metabolites in patients with chronic stable angina (CSA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared with healthy controls. Bacterial alpha diversity in stool from patients with ACS or CSA was comparable to healthy controls at both baseline and follow-up visits. Differential abundance analysis identified operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to commensal taxa differentiating patients with ACS from healthy controls at both baseline and follow-up. Patients with CSA and ACS had significantly higher levels of trimethylamine N-oxide compared with healthy controls (CSA: 0.032 ± 0.023 mmol/L, P < 0.01 vs. healthy, and ACS: 0.032 ± 0.023 mmol/L, P = 0.02 vs. healthy, respectively). Patients with ACS had reduced levels of propionate and butyrate (119 ± 4 vs. 139 ± 5.1 µM, P = 0.001, and 14 ± 4.3 vs. 23.5 ± 8.1 µM, P < 0.001, respectively), as well as elevated serum sCD14 (2245 ± 75.1 vs. 1834 ± 45.8 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) and sCD163 levels (457.3 ± 31.8 vs. 326.8 ± 20.7 ng/mL, P = 0.001), compared with healthy controls at baseline. Furthermore, a modified small molecule metabolomic and lipidomic signature was observed in patients with CSA and ACS compared with healthy controls. These findings provide evidence of a link between gut microbiome composition and gut bacterial metabolites with CVD. Future time course studies in patients to observe temporal changes and subsequent associations with gut microbiome composition are required to provide insight into how these are affected by transient changes following an acute coronary event.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The study found discriminative microorganisms differentiating patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from healthy controls. In addition, reduced levels of certain bacterial metabolites and elevated sCD14 and sCD163 were observed in patients with ACS compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, modified small molecule metabolomic and lipidomic signatures were found in both patient groups. Although it is not known whether these differences in profiles are associated with disease development and/or progression, the findings provide exciting options for potential new disease-related mechanism(s) and associated therapeutic target(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilah F Ahmad
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jose A Caparrós-Martin
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julien Wist
- Australian National Phenome Centre and Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Charach L, Charach G, Karniel E, Galin L, Bar Ziv D, Grossman L, Kaye I, Grosskopf I. Peripheral Vascular Disease and Carotid Artery Disease Are Associated with Decreased Bile Acid Excretion. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:935. [PMID: 37627820 PMCID: PMC10451290 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Low bile acid excretion (BAE) is associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (stroke). This study investigated BAE in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and carotid artery disease (CA) and those without these diseases, compared to patients with CAD, stroke, or no evidence of atherosclerosis. Patients with complaints of chest pain-suspected CAD, syncope, stroke/TIA, severe headache, intermittent claudication, or falls were enrolled. All received a 4-day standard diet with 490 mg of cholesterol and internal standard copper thiocyanate. Fecal BAE was measured using gas-liquid chromatography. One hundred and three patients, sixty-eight (66%) men and thirty-five women (34%), mean age range 60.9 ± 8.9 years, were enrolled in this prospective, 22-year follow-up study. Regression analysis showed that advanced age, total BAE, and excretion of the main fractions were the only significant independent factors that predicted prolonged survival (p < 0.001). Twenty-two years' follow-up revealed only 15% of those with BAE <262.4 mg/24 h survived, compared to >60% of participants without atherosclerosis and a mean BAE of 676 mg/24 h. BAE was lower in patients with polyvascular atherosclerosis than in those with involvement of 1-3 vascular beds. Pearson correlations were found between total BAE and various fractions of BA, as well as HDL cholesterol. BAE and short-term survival were decreased among patients with PVD compared to those with CAD or stroke. Low BAE should be considered a valuable and independent risk factor for PVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Charach
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Gideon Charach
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Eli Karniel
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Leonid Galin
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Dorin Bar Ziv
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Lior Grossman
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Irit Kaye
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Itamar Grosskopf
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 4428164, Israel; (L.C.); (E.K.); (L.G.); (D.B.Z.); (L.G.); (I.K.); (I.G.)
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
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12
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Mechelinck M, Hein M, Kupp C, Braunschweig T, Helmedag MJ, Klinkenberg A, Habigt MA, Klinge U, Tolba RH, Uhlig M. Experimental Liver Cirrhosis Inhibits Restenosis after Balloon Angioplasty. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11351. [PMID: 37511114 PMCID: PMC10379020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of liver cirrhosis on vascular remodeling in vivo remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of cholestatic liver cirrhosis on carotid arterial remodeling. A total of 79 male Sprague Dawley rats underwent bile duct ligation (cirrhotic group) or sham surgery (control group) and 28 days later left carotid artery balloon dilatation; 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after balloon dilatation, the rats were euthanized and carotid arteries were harvested. Histological sections were planimetrized, cell counts determined, and systemic inflammatory parameters measured. Up to day 14 after balloon dilatation, both groups showed a comparable increase in neointima area and degree of stenosis. By day 28, however, both values were significantly lower in the cirrhotic group (% stenosis: 20 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 10, p = 0.010; neointimal area [mm2]: 0.064 ± 0.025 vs. 0.138 ± 0.025, p = 0.024). Simultaneously, cell density in the neointima (p = 0.034) and inflammatory parameters were significantly higher in cirrhotic rats. This study demonstrates that cholestatic liver cirrhosis in rats substantially increases neointimal cell consolidation between days 14 and 28. Thereby, consolidation proved important for the degree of stenosis. This may suggest that patients with cholestatic cirrhosis are at lower risk for restenosis after coronary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carolin Kupp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius J Helmedag
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Klinkenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz A Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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13
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Li W, Liu H, Liang J, Wang T, Liu J, Pi X, Zou W, Qu L. Effects of Atorvastatin on Bile Acid Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed ApoE -/- Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:454-462. [PMID: 36995080 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Statins are considered as the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, where pleiotropic effects are thought to contribute greatly in addition to the lipid-lowering effect. Bile acid metabolism has been gradually reported to be involved in the antihyperlipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of statins, but with inconsistent results and few studies carried out on animal models of atherosclerosis. The study aimed to examine the possible role of bile acid metabolism in the lipid-lowering and antiatherosclerotic effects of atorvastatin (ATO) in high-fat diet-fed ApoE -/- mice. The results showed that the levels of liver and faecal TC as well as ileal and faecal TBA were significantly increased in mice of the model group after 20 weeks of high-fat diet feeding compared with the control group, with significantly downregulated mRNA expression of liver LXR-α, CYP7A1, BSEP, and NTCP. ATO treatment further increased the levels of ileal and faecal TBA and faecal TC, but no obvious effect was observed on serum and liver TBA. In addition, ATO significantly reversed the mRNA levels of liver CYP7A1 and NTCP, and no obvious changes were observed in the expression of LXR-α and BSEP. Our study suggested that statins may enhance the synthesis of bile acids and facilitate the reabsorption of bile acids from the ileum via portal into the liver, possibly through the upregulation of the expression of CYP7A1 and NTCP. The results are helpful in enriching the theoretical basis for the clinical use of statins and have good translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; and
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyi Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Pi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; and
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Nesci A, Carnuccio C, Ruggieri V, D'Alessandro A, Di Giorgio A, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Santoliquido A, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109087. [PMID: 37240434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role in human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous, but also to cardiovascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved in modulating cardiovascular risk are multiple and not only related to inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, human and the gut microbiome cooperate as a metabolically active superorganism, and this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of the splanchnic circulation associated with heart failure, edema of the intestinal wall, and altered function and permeability of the intestinal barrier result in the translocation of bacteria and their products into the systemic circulation, further enhancing the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present review is to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the possible interventions intended to modulate the gut microbiota to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nesci
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carnuccio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santoro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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15
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Yntema T, Koonen DPY, Kuipers F. Emerging Roles of Gut Microbial Modulation of Bile Acid Composition in the Etiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081850. [PMID: 37111068 PMCID: PMC10141989 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in preventive measures and treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death globally. Recent research has challenged the traditional risk factor profile and highlights the potential contribution of non-traditional factors in CVD, such as the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Disturbances in the gut microbiota have been repeatedly associated with CVD, including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Mechanistic studies support a causal role of microbiota-derived metabolites in disease development, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and bile acids, with the latter being elaborately discussed in this review. Bile acids represent a class of cholesterol derivatives that is essential for intestinal absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins, plays an important role in cholesterol turnover and, as more recently discovered, acts as a group of signaling molecules that exerts hormonal functions throughout the body. Studies have shown mediating roles of bile acids in the control of lipid metabolism, immunity, and heart function. Consequently, a picture has emerged of bile acids acting as integrators and modulators of cardiometabolic pathways, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in CVD. In this review, we provide an overview of alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism found in CVD patients, describe the molecular mechanisms through which bile acids may modulate CVD risk, and discuss potential bile-acid-based treatment strategies in relation to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Yntema
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Chakaroun RM, Olsson LM, Bäckhed F. The potential of tailoring the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:217-235. [PMID: 36241728 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite milestones in preventive measures and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. The protracted nature of the development and progression of CVD motivates the identification of early and complementary targets that might explain and alleviate any residual risk in treated patients. The gut microbiota has emerged as a sentinel between our inner milieu and outer environment and relays a modified risk associated with these factors to the host. Accordingly, numerous mechanistic studies in animal models support a causal role of the gut microbiome in CVD via specific microbial or shared microbiota-host metabolites and have identified converging mammalian targets for these signals. Similarly, large-scale cohort studies have repeatedly reported perturbations of the gut microbial community in CVD, supporting the translational potential of targeting this ecological niche, but the move from bench to bedside has not been smooth. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current evidence on the interconnectedness of the gut microbiome and CVD against the noisy backdrop of highly prevalent confounders in advanced CVD, such as increased metabolic burden and polypharmacy. We further aim to conceptualize the molecular mechanisms at the centre of these associations and identify actionable gut microbiome-based targets, while contextualizing the current knowledge within the clinical scenario and emphasizing the limitations of the field that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Mohsen Chakaroun
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa M Olsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Harnisch LO, Mihaylov D, Bein T, Apfelbacher C, Moerer O, Quintel M. A reduced glycine-to-taurine ratio of conjugated serum bile acids signifies an adaptive mechanism and is an early marker of outcome in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:607-615. [PMID: 36378472 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-022-03152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of Bile Acids (BA) in serum is a common finding in critically ill patients and has been found in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), where liver and biliary function could be essentially affected by the underlying disease process and subsequent therapeutic measures. We hypothesized that the glycine-to-taurine conjugation ratio (G/T-ratio) is predictive of outcome in ARDS patients and would support our previously published hypothesis that the BA profile reflects a (mal-) adaptive response of bile acid production when suffering from a disease or syndrome such as ARDS. In 70 patients with ARDS, we determined conjugated BA fractions from protein precipitated serum samples using a LC-MS/MS method and calculated the G/T-ratios, which were then compared with a healthy control group. In patients with ARDS, the G/T-ratio was markedly lower compared to the control group, due to an increase in taurine-conjugated BA. The G/T ratio was lowest on the day of diagnosis and increased steadily during the following days (control = 3.80 (2.28-4.44); day 0 = 1.79 (1.31-3.86); day 3 = 2.91 (1.71-5.68); day 5 = 2.28 (1.25-7.85), significant increases were found between day 0 and day 3 (p = 0.019) and between day 0 and day 5 (p = 0.031). G/T-ratio was significantly correlated with SAPS II score on day 0 (p = 0.009) and day 3 (p = 0.036) and with survival (p = 0.006). Regarding survival, the receiver-operator characteristic revealed an area-under-the-curve of 0.713 (CI 0.578-0.848), the Youden index revealed a G/T-ratio cut-off level of 2.835 (sensitivity 78.4%, specificity 63.2%). Our findings further support our previously published hypothesis that alterations in BA profiles represent adaptive mechanisms in states of severe disease. Our current study adds the finding of an increase in taurine-conjugated BA expressed by a decrease in the G/T-ratio of conjugated BA in serum. The G/T-ratio on day 3 using a threshold G/T-ratio of 2.8 was even associated with survival (p = 0.006); these results are yet to be confirmed by subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Olav Harnisch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Street 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Diana Mihaylov
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine of the University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economics, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Street 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Street 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Quintel
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert-Koch-Street 40, 37099, Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100928. [PMID: 36295830 PMCID: PMC9609491 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss and increased physical activity may promote beneficial modulation of the metabolome, but limited evidence exists about how very low-level weight loss affects the metabolome in previously non-obese active individuals. Following a weight loss period (21.1 ± 3.1 weeks) leading to substantial fat mass loss of 52% (−7.9 ± 1.5 kg) and low body fat (12.7 ± 4.1%), the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolic signature of 24 previously young, healthy, and normal weight female physique athletes was investigated. We observed uniform increases (FDR < 0.05) in bile acids, very-long-chain free fatty acids (FFA), and oxylipins, together with reductions in unsaturated FFAs after weight loss. These widespread changes, especially in the bile acid profile, were most strongly explained (FDR < 0.05) by changes in android (visceral) fat mass. The reported changes did not persist, as all of them were reversed after the subsequent voluntary weight regain period (18.4 ± 2.9 weeks) and were unchanged in non-dieting controls (n = 16). Overall, we suggest that the reported changes in FFA, bile acid, and oxylipin profiles reflect metabolic adaptation to very low levels of fat mass after prolonged periods of intense exercise and low-energy availability. However, the effects of the aforementioned metabolome subclass alteration on metabolic homeostasis remain controversial, and more studies are warranted to unravel the complex physiology and potentially associated health implications. In the end, our study reinforced the view that transient weight loss seems to have little to no long-lasting molecular and physiological effects.
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Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Ramadan R, Baselet B, Laiakis EC, Sebastian S, Beaton D, Hartikainen JM, Kaiser JC, Beheshti A, Salomaa S, Chauhan V, Hamada N. Application of radiation omics in the development of adverse outcome pathway networks: an example of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1722-1751. [PMID: 35976069 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure of the heart to doses of ionizing radiation as low as 0.5 Gy increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality with a latency period of decades. The damaging effects of radiation to myocardial and endothelial structures and functions have been confirmed radiobiologically at high dose, but much less is known at low dose. Integration of radiation biology and epidemiology data is a recommended approach to improve the radiation risk assessment process. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a comprehensive tool to compile and translate mechanistic information into pathological endpoints which may be relevant for risk assessment at the different levels of a biological system. Omics technologies enable the generation of large volumes of biological data at various levels of complexity, from molecular pathways to functional organisms. Given the quality and quantity of available data across levels of biology, omics data can be attractive sources of information for use within the AOP framework. It is anticipated that radiation omics studies could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the adverse effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we explored the available omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their applicability to the proposed AOP for CVD. RESULTS The results of 80 omics studies published on radiation-induced CVD over the past 20 years have been discussed in the context of the AOP of CVD proposed by Chauhan et al. Most of the available omics data on radiation-induced CVD are from proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, whereas few datasets were available from epigenomics and multi-omics. The omics data presented here show great promise in providing information for several key events of the proposed AOP of CVD, particularly oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The omics data presented here shows promise to inform the various levels of the proposed AOP of CVD. However, the data highlight the urgent need of designing omics studies to address the knowledge gap concerning different radiation scenarios, time after exposure and experimental models. This review presents the evidence to build a qualitative omics-informed AOP and provides views on the potential benefits and challenges in using omics data to assess risk-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raghda Ramadan
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine (HMGU-IRM), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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21
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Cazac GD, Lăcătușu CM, Mihai C, Grigorescu ED, Onofriescu A, Mihai BM. New Insights into Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Coronary Artery Disease: The Liver-Heart Axis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081189. [PMID: 36013368 PMCID: PMC9410285 DOI: 10.3390/life12081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the hepatic expression of the metabolic syndrome and is the most prevalent liver disease. NAFLD is associated with liver-related and extrahepatic morbi-mortality. Among extrahepatic complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality in patients with NAFLD. The most frequent clinical expression of CVD is the coronary artery disease (CAD). Epidemiological data support a link between CAD and NAFLD, underlain by pathogenic factors, such as the exacerbation of insulin resistance, genetic phenotype, oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, pro-inflammatory mediators, and gut microbiota. A thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk and identification of all forms of CVD, especially CAD, are needed in all patients with NAFLD regardless of their metabolic status. Therefore, this narrative review aims to examine the available data on CAD seen in patients with NAFLD, to outline the main directions undertaken by the CVD risk assessment and the multiple putative underlying mechanisms implicated in the relationship between CAD and NAFLD, and to raise awareness about this underestimated association between two major, frequent and severe diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana-Diana Cazac
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina-Mihaela Lăcătușu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (E.-D.G.); Tel.: +40-72-321-1116 (C.-M.L.); +40-74-209-3749 (E.-D.G.)
| | - Cătălina Mihai
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Unit of Medical Semiology and Gastroenterology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.-M.L.); (E.-D.G.); Tel.: +40-72-321-1116 (C.-M.L.); +40-74-209-3749 (E.-D.G.)
| | - Alina Onofriescu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Mircea Mihai
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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22
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Wang A, Guan B, Shao C, Zhao L, Li Q, Hao H, Gao Z, Chen K, Hou Y, Xu H. Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule alleviates atherosclerosis by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis of ApoE-/- mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 103:154220. [PMID: 35675748 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a key pathological factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Metabolic disorders, including pathoglycemia and dyslipidemia that lead to chronic inflammation, represent the prominent pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic CVD, Qing-Xin-Jie-Yu Granule (QXJYG) is a Chinese traditional decoction that has been clinically proven to be effective for patients with CVD. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effects of QXJYG against AS and its potential mechanisms. METHODS QXJYG was orally administered at doses of 1.664 and 4.992 g·kg-1·d-1 in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AS model using ApoE-/- mice. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, ELISA, untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis, 16S rRNA analysis, and RT-qPCR were performed to identify the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of QXJYG in treating HFD-induced AS. RESULTS QXJYG retarded HFD-induced weight gain and reduced the increased serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, whereas high-dose QXJYG increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, QXJYG reduced the serum levels, as well as aortas mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6, which indicates that QXJYG is effective against metaflammation. Mechanistically, QXJYG reshaped the gut microbiota and its associated bile acids (BAs) metabolomic phenotype, partly by increasing the levels of BA synthesis enzymes, hepatic CYP7A1, and CYP27A1, while decreasing ileal FGF15 and β-Klotho mRNA expression, favoring facilitated de novo BAs synthesis and thereby driving cholesterol catabolic excretion. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that QXJYG is effective against HFD-triggered chronic inflammation, and contributes to the alleviation of AS development, and the antiatherogenic properties of QXJYG may be partly due to the remodeling of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism. Although the results are encouraging, further clinical studies of anti-AS herbal medicines are required to elucidate the full potential of the gut microbiota and BA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlu Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Baoyi Guan
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiuyi Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing 100091, China.
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23
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Han X, Wang J, Gu H, Guo H, Cai Y, Liao X, Jiang M. Predictive value of serum bile acids as metabolite biomarkers for liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:43. [PMID: 35759044 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large number of studies have explored the potential biomarkers for detecting liver cirrhosis in an early stage, yet consistent conclusions are still warranted. OBJECTIVES To conduct a review and a meta-analysis of the existing studies that test the serum level of bile acids in cirrhosis as the potential biomarkers to predict cirrhosis. METHODS Six databases had been searched from inception date to April 12, 2021. Screening and selection of the records were based on the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS). Mean difference (MD) and confidence intervals 95% (95% CI) were calculated by using the random effect model for the concentrations of bile acids in the meta-analysis, and I2 statistic was used to measure studies heterogeneity. This study was registered on PROSPERO. RESULTS A total of 1583 records were identified and 31 studies with 2679 participants (1263 in the cirrhosis group, 1416 in the healthy control group) were included. The quality of included studies was generally high, with 25 studies (80.6%) rated over 7 stars. A total of 45 bile acids or their ratios in included studies were extracted. 36 increased in the cirrhosis group compared with those of the healthy controls by a qualitative summary, 5 decreased and 4 presented with mixing results. The result of meta-analysis among 12 studies showed that 13 bile acids increased, among which four primary conjugated bile acids showed the most significant elevation in the cirrhosis group: GCDCA (MD = 11.38 μmol/L, 95% CI 8.21-14.55, P < 0.0001), GCA (MD = 5.72 μmol/L, 95% CI 3.47-7.97, P < 0.0001), TCDCA (MD = 3.57 μmol/L, 95% CI 2.64-4.49, P < 0.0001) and TCA (MD = 2.14 μmol/L, 95% CI 1.56-2.72, P < 0.0001). No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of DCA (MD = - 0.1 μmol/L, 95% CI - 0.18 to - 0.01, P < 0.0001) and LCA (MD = - 0.01 μmol/L, 95% CI - 0.01 to - 0.02, P < 0.0001), UDCA (MD = - 0.14 μmol/L, 95% CI - 0.04 to - 0.32, P < 0.0001), and TLCA (MD = 0 μmol/L, 95% CI 0-0.01, P < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis showed similar results. CONCLUSION Altered serum bile acids profile seems to be associated with cirrhosis. Some specific bile acids (GCA, GCDCA, TCA, and TCDCA) may increase with the development of cirrhosis, which possibly underlay their potential role as predictive biomarkers for cirrhosis. Yet this predictive value still needs further investigation and validation in larger prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongtao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yili Cai
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimennei, Beijing, 100700, China.
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24
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Goetzman E, Gong Z, Rajasundaram D, Muzumdar I, Goodchild T, Lefer D, Muzumdar R. Serum Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Profiles during Ischemia and Reperfusion in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126711. [PMID: 35743153 PMCID: PMC9223436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early identification of ischemia and establishing reperfusion remain cornerstones in the treatment of MI, as mortality and morbidity can be significantly reduced by establishing reperfusion to the affected areas. The aim of the current study was to investigate the metabolomic changes in the serum in a swine model of MI induced by ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to identify circulating metabolomic biomarkers for myocardial injury at different phases. Female Yucatan minipigs were subjected to 60 min of ischemia followed by reperfusion, and serum samples were collected at baseline, 60 min of ischemia, 4 h of reperfusion, and 24 h of reperfusion. Circulating metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic approach. A bioinformatic approach revealed that serum metabolites show distinct profiles during ischemia and during early and late reperfusion. Some notable changes during ischemia include accumulation of metabolites that indicate impaired mitochondrial function and N-terminally modified amino acids. Changes in branched-chain amino-acid metabolites were noted during early reperfusion, while bile acid pathway derivatives and intermediates predominated in the late reperfusion phases. This indicates a potential for such an approach toward identification of the distinct phases of ischemia and reperfusion in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Goetzman
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Zhenwei Gong
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ishan Muzumdar
- School of Undergraduate Study, Penn State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Traci Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.G.); (D.L.)
| | - David Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; (E.G.); (Z.G.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Impact of the Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota on Cardiovascular Health and Pathophysiology. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:13-30. [PMID: 35384898 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an extremely diverse community of microorganisms, and their collective genomes (microbiome) provide a vast arsenal of biological activities, in particular enzymatic ones, which are far from being fully elucidated. The study of the microbiota (and the microbiome) is receiving great interest from the biomedical community as it carries the potential to improve risk-prediction models, refine primary and secondary prevention efforts, and also design more appropriate and personalized therapies, including pharmacological ones. A growing body of evidence, though sometimes impaired by the limited number of subjects involved in the studies, suggests that GIT dysbiosis, i.e. the altered microbial composition, has an important role in causing and/or worsening cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bacterial translocation as well as the alteration of levels of microbe-derived metabolites can thus be important to monitor and modulate, because they may lead to initiation and progression of CVD, as well as to its establishment as chronic state. We hereby aim to provide readers with details on available resources and experimental approaches that are used in this fascinating field of biomedical research, and on some novelties on the impact of GIT microbiota on CVD.
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