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Jiang B, Yang J, Zhong X, Yan S, Yin M, Shen J, Lei B, Li Z, Zhou Y, Duan L. Triacontanol delivery by nano star shaped polymer promoted growth in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108815. [PMID: 38861820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are functional compounds known for enhancing plant growth and development. However, their environmental impact is a concern due to poor water solubility and the need for substantial organic solvents. Recently, nano-delivery systems have emerged as a solution, offering a broad range of applications for small molecule compounds. This study introduces a nano-delivery system for Triacontanol (TA), utilizing a star polymer (SPc), aimed at promoting maize growth and improving physiological indicators. The system forms nearly spherical nanoparticles through TA's hydroxyl group and SPc's tertiary amine group. The TA/SPc nano-complex notably outperforms separate TA or SPc treatments in maize, increasing biomass, chlorophyll content, and nutrient absorption. It elevates chlorophyll content by 16.4%, 10.0%, and 6.2% over water, TA, and SPc treatments, respectively, and boosts potassium and nitrate ion uptake by up to 2 and 1.6 times compared to TA alone, leading to enhanced plant height and leaf growth. qRT-PCR analysis further demonstrated that the nano-complex enhanced cellular uptake through the endocytosis pathway by up-regulating endocytosis-related gene expression. The employment of TEM to observe vesicle formation during the internalization of maize leaves furnishes corroborative evidence for the participation of the endocytosis pathway in this process. This research confirms that SPc is an effective carrier for TA, significantly enhancing biological activity and reducing TA dosage requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Lei
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Rasouli F, Jalalian S, Hayati F, Hassanpouraghdam MB, Asadi M, Ebrahimzadeh A, Puglisi I, Baglieri A. Salicylic acid foliar application meliorates Portulaca oleraceae L. growth responses under Pb and Ni over-availability while keeping reliable phytoremediation potential. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38819100 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2357634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of SA foliar use on Pb and Ni-induced stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential by Portulaca oleraceae L. were assayed as a factorial trial based on a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The factors included; SA foliar application (0 and 100 µM) and HMs application of Pb [0, 150, and 225 mg kg-1 soil Lead (II) nitrate] and Ni [0, 220, and 330 mg kg-1 soil Nickel (II) nitrate]. Plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, and some macro- and micro-elements contents were reduced facing the HMs stress, but SA foliar application ameliorated these traits. HMs stress increased malondialdehyde content, total antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, phenolics, and linolenic acid content, while SA foliar application declined the mentioned parameters. Moreover, shoot and root Pb and Ni content enhanced in the purslane plants supplemented by SA under the HMs stress. The results propose SA foliar application as a reliable methodology to recover purslane growth characters and fatty acid profiles in the soil contaminated with the HMs. The idea is that SA would be potentially effective in alleviating HMs contamination while keeping reasonable phytoremediation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sahar Jalalian
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Faezeh Hayati
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Asghar Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ivana Puglisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Baglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ahmed M, Marrez DA, Rizk R, Zedan M, Abdul-Hamid D, Decsi K, Kovács GP, Tóth Z. The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Salt Stress on the Morphological and Some Biochemical Characteristics of Solanum lycopersicum L. Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1418. [PMID: 38794488 PMCID: PMC11125107 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Salinity reduces crop yields and quality, causing global economic losses. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) improve plant physiological and metabolic processes and abiotic stress resistance. This study examined the effects of foliar ZnO-NPs at 75 and 150 mg/L on tomato Kecskeméti 549 plants to alleviate salt stress caused by 150 mM NaCl. The precipitation procedure produced ZnO-NPs that were characterized using UV-VIS, TEM, STEM, DLS, EDAX, Zeta potential, and FTIR. The study assessed TPCs, TFCs, total hydrolyzable sugars, total free amino acids, protein, proline, H2O2, and MDA along with plant height, stem width, leaf area, and SPAD values. The polyphenolic burden was also measured by HPLC. With salt stress, plant growth and chlorophyll content decreased significantly. The growth and development of tomato plants changed by applying the ZnO-NPs. Dosages of ZnO-NPs had a significant effect across treatments. ZnO-NPs also increased chlorophyll, reduced stress markers, and released phenolic chemicals and proteins in the leaves of tomatoes. ZnO-NPs reduce salt stress by promoting the uptake of minerals. ZnO-NPs had beneficial effects on tomato plants when subjected to salt stress, making them an alternate technique to boost resilience in saline soils or low-quality irrigation water. This study examined how foliar application of chemically synthesized ZnO-NPs to the leaves affected biochemistry, morphology, and phenolic compound synthesis with and without NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Diaa Attia Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Roquia Rizk
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
| | - Mostafa Zedan
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Donia Abdul-Hamid
- Heavy Metals Department, Central Laboratory for The Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
| | - Gergő Péter Kovács
- Institute of Agronomy, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
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Jalil S, Nazir MM, Ali Q, Zulfiqar F, Moosa A, Altaf MA, Zaid A, Nafees M, Yong JWH, Jin X. Zinc and nano zinc mediated alleviation of heavy metals and metalloids in plants: an overview. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:870-888. [PMID: 37598713 DOI: 10.1071/fp23021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids (HMs) contamination in the environment has heightened recently due to increasing global concern for food safety and human livability. Zinc (Zn2+ ) is an important nutrient required for the normal development of plants. It is an essential cofactor for the vital enzymes involved in various biological mechanisms of plants. Interestingly, Zn2+ has an additional role in the detoxification of HMs in plants due to its unique biochemical-mediating role in several soil and plant processes. During any exposure to high levels of HMs, the application of Zn2+ would confer greater plant resilience by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining uptake of nutrients, photosynthesis productivity and optimising osmolytes concentration. Zn2+ also has an important role in ameliorating HMs toxicity by regulating metal uptake through the expression of certain metal transporter genes, targeted chelation and translocation from roots to shoots. This review examined the vital roles of Zn2+ and nano Zn in plants and described their involvement in alleviating HMs toxicity in plants. Moving forward, a broad understanding of uptake, transport, signalling and tolerance mechanisms of Zn2+ /zinc and its nanoparticles in alleviating HMs toxicity of plants will be the first step towards a wider incorporation of Zn2+ into agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaullah Jalil
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Anam Moosa
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Abbu Zaid
- Department of Botany, Government Gandhi Memorial Science College, Jammu, India
| | - Muhammad Nafees
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- The Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Liu C, Wang J, Huang P, Hu C, Gao F, Liu Y, Li Z, Cui B. Response of Soil Microenvironment and Crop Growth to Cyclic Irrigation Using Reclaimed Water and Brackish Water. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2285. [PMID: 37375911 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of freshwater resources has increased the use of nonconventional water resources such as brackish water, reclaimed water, etc., especially in water-scarce areas. Whether an irrigation cycle using reclaimed water and brackish water (RBCI) poses a risk of secondary soil salinization to crop yields needs to be studied. Aiming to find an appropriate use for different nonconventional water resources, pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of RBCI on soil microenvironments, growth, physiological characteristics and antioxidation properties of crops. The results showed the following: (1) compared to FBCI, the soil moisture content was slightly higher, without a significant difference, while the soil EC, sodium and chloride ions contents increased significantly under the RBCI treatment. With an increase in the reclaimed water irrigation frequency (Tri), the contents of EC, Na+ and Cl- in the soil decreased gradually, and the difference was significant; the soil moisture content also decreased gradually. (2) There were different effects of the RBCI regime on the soil's enzyme activities. With an increase in the Tri, the soil urease activity indicated a significant upward trend as a whole. (3) RBCI can alleviate the risk of soil salinization to some extent. The soil pH values were all below 8.5, and were without a risk of secondary soil alkalization. The ESP did not exceed 15 percent, and there was no possible risk of soil alkalization except that the ESP in soil irrigated by brackish water irrigation went beyond the limit of 15 percent. (4) Compared with FBCI, no obvious changes appeared to the aboveground and underground biomasses under the RBCI treatment. The RBCI treatment was conducive to increasing the aboveground biomass compared with pure brackish water irrigation. Therefore, short-term RBCI helps to reduce the risk of soil salinization without significantly affecting crop yield, and the irrigation cycle using reclaimed-reclaimed-brackish water at 3 g·L-1 was recommended, according to the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Chao Hu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Zhongyang Li
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
| | - Bingjian Cui
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
- Agriculture Water and Soil Environmental Field Science Research Station of Xinxiang City, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453000, China
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Ahmad I, Zhu G, Zhou G, Liu J, Younas MU, Zhu Y. Melatonin Role in Plant Growth and Physiology under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108759. [PMID: 37240106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phyto-melatonin improves crop yield by mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth. Numerous studies are currently being conducted to investigate the significant performance of melatonin in crops in regulating agricultural growth and productivity. However, a comprehensive review of the pivotal performance of phyto-melatonin in regulating plant morpho-physiological and biochemical activities under abiotic stresses needs to be clarified. This review focused on the research on morpho-physiological activities, plant growth regulation, redox status, and signal transduction in plants under abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it also highlighted the role of phyto-melatonin in plant defense systems and as biostimulants under abiotic stress conditions. The study revealed that phyto-melatonin enhances some leaf senescence proteins, and that protein further interacts with the plant's photosynthesis activity, macromolecules, and changes in redox and response to abiotic stress. Our goal is to thoroughly evaluate phyto-melatonin performance under abiotic stress, which will help us better understand the mechanism by which phyto-melatonin regulates crop growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guanglong Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Toscano S, Romano D, Ferrante A. Molecular Responses of Vegetable, Ornamental Crops, and Model Plants to Salinity Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043190. [PMID: 36834600 PMCID: PMC9965374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetable and ornamental plants represent a very wide group of heterogeneous plants, both herbaceous and woody, generally without relevant salinity-tolerant mechanisms. The cultivation conditions-almost all are irrigated crops-and characteristics of the products, which must not present visual damage linked to salt stress, determine the necessity for a deep investigation of the response of these crops to salinity stress. Tolerance mechanisms are linked to the capacity of a plant to compartmentalize ions, produce compatible solutes, synthesize specific proteins and metabolites, and induce transcriptional factors. The present review critically evaluates advantages and disadvantages to study the molecular control of salt tolerance mechanisms in vegetable and ornamental plants, with the aim of distinguishing tools for the rapid and effective screening of salt tolerance levels in different plants. This information can not only help in suitable germplasm selection, which is very useful in consideration of the high biodiversity expressed by vegetable and ornamental plants, but also drive the further breeding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Toscano
- Department of Science Veterinary, Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Romano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wang Q, Peng X, Lang D, Ma X, Zhang X. Physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis reveals that the mechanism of Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated oxidative stress of salt-stressed Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114264. [PMID: 36334340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress severely affects the growth and productivity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Our previous research found that the endophyte Bacillus cereus G2 alleviated the osmotic and oxidative stress in G. uralensis exposed to salinity. However, the mechanism is still unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to analyse the change in parameters related to osmotic adjustment and antioxidant metabolism by G2 in salt-stressed G. uralensis at the physio-biochemistry and transcriptome levels. The results showed that G2 significantly increased proline content by 48 %, glycine betaine content by 75 % due to activated expression of BADH1, and soluble sugar content by 77 % due to upregulated expression of α-glucosidase and SS, which might help to decrease the cell osmotic potential, enable the cell to absorb water, and stabilize the cell's protein and membrane structure, thereby alleviating osmotic stress. Regarding antioxidant metabolism, G2 significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27 %, which might be ascribed to the increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity that facilitated the decrease in the superoxide radical (O2‾) production rate; it also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which helped stabilize the normal level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). G2 also increased glutathione (GSH) content by 65 % due to increased glutathione reductase (GR) activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, but G2 decreased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content by 13 % due to decreased activity of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), which could provide sufficient substrates for the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle to eliminate excess H2O2 that was not cleared in a timely manner by the antioxidant enzyme system. Taken together, G2 alleviated osmotic stress by increasing proline, soluble sugar, and glycine betaine contents and alleviated oxidative stress by the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA-GSH cycle. Therefore, the results may be useful for explaining the mechanism by which endophyte inoculation regulates the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueying Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Duoyong Lang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Characterizistic Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Sardar R, Ahmed S, Akbar M, Yasin NA, Li G. Alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity in triacontanol treated Coriandrum sativum L. by modulation of physiochemical attributes, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidative system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133924. [PMID: 35149022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous metal that has a significant risk of transfer from soil to edible parts of food crops including shoots and seeds. Reduction of Cd accumulation is required to lower the risk of Cd exposure in humans and animals feeding on metal contaminated parts of such plants. Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) exposed to Cd showed stress symptoms such as stunted growth, reduced photosynthetic activity and synthesis of chlorophyll pigments. Growth inhibition in Cd-treated plants was attributed to induction of oxidative stress as demonstrated by higher level of stress biomarkers such as electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide. Primary objective of the current study was to observe the ameliorative role of triacontanol (Tria) in Cd-stressed coriander seedlings. For this purpose, coriander seeds were primed with Tria concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 μmol L-1. Seedlings developed from Tria treated seeds exhibited reduced loss of photosynthetic pigments; mitigated oxidative stress caused by Cd, through improved efficacy of antioxidant machinery comprising superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) enzymes besides non-enzymatic antioxidants including proline, phenolics and flavonoids. Triacontanol treated seedlings showed enhanced yield attributes suggesting that exogenous Tria could be employed to improve plant tolerance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- SSG, RO-II Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Turan M, Ekinci M, Kul R, Boynueyri FG, Yildirim E. Mitigation of salinity stress in cucumber seedlings by exogenous hydrogen sulfide. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:517-529. [PMID: 35445911 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This research hypothesized that tolerance of cucumber seedlings to salinity stress could be increased by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatments. In pot experiments, the cucumber seedlings were exposed to three levels of salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl), and NaHS as H2S donor was foliar applied to the cucumber seedlings at five different doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM). The effects of the treatments on cucumber seedlings were tested with plant growth properties as well as physiological and biochemical analyses. As the salinity level increased, plant growth properties and chlorophyll reading value (SPAD) decreased. However, H2S treatments significantly mitigated the impact of salinity. Salt stress elevated the membrane permeability (MP) and decreased the leaf relative water content (LRWC). H2S applied leaves had lower MP and higher LRWC than non-H2S applied leaves. On the other hand, photosynthetic properties (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration) of the seedlings under salt stress conditions were decreased but this decrease was considerably relieved by H2S treatment. The K/Na and Ca/Na ratios under salt stress conditions were higher in H2S-applied plants than in non-applied plants. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity [(catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and sucrose concentration in the leaves increased with salinity stress whereas they were reduced with H2S treatments under salt stress. Mitigation of salt stress damage in cucumber using H2S treatment can be expounded via modulation of enzyme activity, nutrient content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and osmolytes accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Turan
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Ekinci
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Raziye Kul
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ertan Yildirim
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Triacontanol regulates morphological traits and enzymatic activities of salinity affected hot pepper plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3736. [PMID: 35260596 PMCID: PMC8904539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential role of triacontanol applied as a foliar treatment to ameliorate the adverse effects of salinity on hot pepper plants was evaluated. In this pot experiment, hot pepper plants under 75 mM NaCl stress environment were subjected to foliar application of 25, 50, and 75 µM triacontanol treatments; whereas, untreated plants were taken as control. Salt stress had a significant impact on morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, MDA content, antioxidants activities, electrolytes leakage, vitamin C, soluble protein, and proline contents. All triacontanol treatments significantly mitigated the adversative effects of salinity on hot pepper plants; however, foliar application triacontanol at 75 µM had considerably improved the growth of hot pepper plants in terms of plant height, shoot length, leaf area, plant fresh/dry biomasses by modulating above mentioned physio-biochemical traits. While, improvement in gas exchange properties, chlorophyll, carotenoid contents, increased proline contents coupled with higher SOD and CAT activities were observed in response to 75 µM triacontanol followed by 50 µM triacontanol treatment. MDA and H2O2 contents were decreased significantly in hot pepper plants sprayed with 75 µM triacontanol followed by 50 µM triacontanol foliar treatment. Meanwhile, root and shoot lengths were maximum in 50 µM triacontanol sprayed hot pepper plants along with enhanced APX activity on exposure to salt stress. In crux, exogenous application triacontanol treatments improved hot pepper performance under salinity, however,75 µM triacontanol treatment evidently was more effective in mitigating the lethal impact of saline stress via controlling the ROS generation and increment in antioxidant enzyme activities.
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