1
|
d’Aquino L, Cozzolino R, Malorni L, Bodhuin T, Gambale E, Sighicelli M, Della Mura B, Matarazzo C, Piacente S, Montoro P. Light Flux Density and Photoperiod Affect Growth and Secondary Metabolism in Fully Expanded Basil Plants. Foods 2024; 13:2273. [PMID: 39063357 PMCID: PMC11275332 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoor production of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is influenced by light spectrum, photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), and the photoperiod. To investigate the effects of different lighting on growth, chlorophyll content, and secondary metabolism, basil plants were grown from seedlings to fully expanded plants in microcosm devices under different light conditions: (a) white light at 250 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 h light/dark and (b) white light at 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 under 16/8 and 24/0 h light/dark. A higher yield was recorded under 380 μmol·m-2·s-1 compared to 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 (fresh and dry biomasses 260.6 ± 11.3 g vs. 144.9 ± 14.6 g and 34.1 ± 2.6 g vs. 13.2 ± 1.4 g, respectively), but not under longer photoperiods. No differences in plant height and chlorophyll content index were recorded, regardless of the PPFD level and photoperiod length. Almost the same volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected under the different lighting treatments, belonging to terpenes, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and ketones. Linalool, eucalyptol, and eugenol were the main VOCs regardless of the lighting conditions. The multivariate data analysis showed a sharp separation of non-volatile metabolites in apical and middle leaves, but this was not related to different PPFD levels. Higher levels of sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were detected in plants grown under 250 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 380 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. A low separation of non-volatile metabolites based on the photoperiod length and VOC overexpression under longer photoperiods were also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi d’Aquino
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Livia Malorni
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Emilia Gambale
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy;
| | - Brigida Della Mura
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Cristina Matarazzo
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research (CNR), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.P.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bucky A, Pičmanová M, Porley V, Pont S, Austin C, Khan T, McDougall G, Johnstone A, Stewart D. Light manipulation as a route to enhancement of antioxidant properties in red amaranth and red lettuce. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1386988. [PMID: 38899321 PMCID: PMC11186462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1386988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
With the growing global population and climate change, achieving food security is a pressing challenge. Vertical farming has the potential to support local food production and security. As a Total Controlled Environment Agriculture (TCEA) system, vertical farming employs LED lighting which offers opportunities to modulate light spectrum and intensity, and thus can be used to influence plant growth and phytochemical composition, including antioxidants beneficial for human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of four red-to-blue light ratios of LEDs (R:B 1, 2.5, 5 and 9) on the growth and antioxidant components in red amaranth microgreens and red lettuce. Plant growth, total phenols, betalains, anthocyanins, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power assay) were evaluated. A higher proportion of red light resulted in biometric responses, i.e., stem elongation in red amaranth and longer leaves in red lettuce, while the increase in the blue light fraction led to the upregulation of antioxidative components, especially total phenols, betalains (in red amaranth) and anthocyanins (in red lettuce). The antioxidant capacity of both crops was strongly positively correlated with the levels of these phytochemicals. Optimizing the red-to-blue ratio in LED lighting could be effective in promoting antioxidant-rich crops with potential health benefits for consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Bucky
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Martina Pičmanová
- Advanced Plant Growth Centre, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Porley
- Intelligent Growth Solutions, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Pont
- Advanced Plant Growth Centre, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Austin
- Advanced Plant Growth Centre, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tanveer Khan
- Intelligent Growth Solutions, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon McDougall
- Advanced Plant Growth Centre, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Derek Stewart
- Advanced Plant Growth Centre, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fayezizadeh MR, Ansari NA, Sourestani MM, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Management of Secondary Metabolite Synthesis and Biomass in Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) Microgreens Using Different Continuous-Spectrum LED Lights. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1394. [PMID: 38794463 PMCID: PMC11125838 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Different LED light spectra (LS) are absorbed by different plant photoreceptors and can control biomass and plant secondary metabolite synthesis. In this study, the effects of continuous-spectrum LED lights (red, blue, white, red + blue, and 12 h blue + 12 h red) on the production value, antioxidant compounds, and biomass of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) microgreens (Red Rubin, Violeto, and Kapoor cultivars and the Ablagh genotype) were investigated. The results showed significant effects of LS on cultivar (Cv) and the interaction of LS and Cv on the studied traits. The highest quantitys of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and nitrate were obtained in Violeto under blue lighting. Red lighting enhanced starch synthesis in Red Rubin and flavonoids in the Violeto Cv. The highest biomass (4.54 kg m-2) was observed in the Ablagh genotype and the highest carbohydrate synthesis in Violeto Cv in the red + blue treatment. The highest anthocyanin content (26.33 mg 100 g-1 FW) was observed for Red Rubin Cv under 12 h blue + 12 h red light. The greatest antioxidant capacity (83.57% inhibition), the highest levels of phenolic compounds (2027.25 mg GA 100 g-1 FW), vitamin C (405.76 mg 100 g-1 FW), proline, antioxidant potential composite index (APCI), and the greatest production values were obtained for the Ablagh genotype under blue lighting. Taken together, the experiment findings indicate that growing the Ablagh genotype under continuous blue lighting can increase the antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C and that this LED light spectrum can be used as a practical method to produce basil microgreens with high nutritional health value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Fayezizadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Naser Alemzadeh Ansari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz 61357-43311, Iran
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari S, Singh PA, Hazra S, Sindhwani R, Singh S. Ocimum sanctum: The Journey from Sacred Herb to Functional Food. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:83-102. [PMID: 38351693 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x290140240130101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing demand for herbal-based formulations, including functional foods, has acquired significant attention. This study highlights historical, botanical, ecological, and phytochemical descriptions and different extraction mechanisms of Ocimum sanctum utilized in its processing. Besides this, it explores the utilization of Ocimum sanctum as a functional food ingredient in various food products such as bakery products (biscuits, bread), dairy products (herbal milk, cheese), and beverages (tea, juice, wine) while focusing on their evaluation parameters, preparation techniques, and pharmacological activities. In terms of other pharmacological properties, Ocimum sanctum-infused functional foods exhibited cognitiveenhancing properties, adaptogenic qualities, anti-obesity effects, gastroprotective, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and immuno-modulatory effects. Thus, the diverse properties of Ocimum sanctum offer exciting opportunities for the development of functional foods that can promote specific health issues, so future research should focus on developing and analyzing novel Ocimum sanctum-based functional foods to meet the growing demand of the functional food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Preet Amol Singh
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Subhajit Hazra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ritika Sindhwani
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhvinder Singh
- University Centre for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali-140413, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
d’Aquino L, Cozzolino R, Nardone G, Borelli G, Gambale E, Sighicelli M, Menegoni P, Modarelli GC, Rimauro J, Chianese E, Nenna G, Fasolino T, D’Urso G, Montoro P. Effects of White and Blue-Red Light on Growth and Metabolism of Basil Grown under Microcosm Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1450. [PMID: 37050076 PMCID: PMC10097113 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Indoor farming of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under artificial lighting to support year-round produce demand is an area of increasing interest. Literature data indicate that diverse light regimes differently affect downstream metabolic pathways which influence basil growth, development and metabolism. In this study, basil was grown from seedlings to fully developed plants in a microcosm, an innovative device aimed at growing plants indoor as in natural conditions. Specifically, the effects of white (W) and blue-red (BR) light under a photosynthetic photon flux density of 255 μmol m-2 s-1 on plant growth, photochemistry, soluble nutrient concentration and secondary metabolism were investigated. Plants grew taller (41.8 ± 5.0 vs. 28.4 ± 2.5 cm) and produced greater biomass (150.3 ± 24.2/14.7 ± 2.0 g vs. 116.2 ± 28.3/12.3 ± 2.5 g fresh/dry biomass) under W light compared to BR light. The two lighting conditions differently influenced the soluble nutrient concentration and the translocation rate. No photosynthetic stress was observed under the two lighting regimes, but leaves grown under W light displayed higher levels of maximum quantum yield of PSII and electron transport rate. Sharp differences in metabolic patterns under the two lighting regimes were detected with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds under the BR light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi d’Aquino
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rosaria Cozzolino
- Institute of Food Science, National Council of Research, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Borelli
- Becar S.r.l. (Beghelli Group), Viale della Pace 1, Monteveglio, 40050 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emilia Gambale
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Sighicelli
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Menegoni
- ENEA, Casaccia Research Centre, Via Anguillarese 301, Santa Maria di Galeria, 00060 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlo Modarelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Juri Rimauro
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Elena Chianese
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Isola C4, Centro Direzionale di Napoli, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nenna
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Tommaso Fasolino
- ENEA, Portici Research Centre, Piazzale E. Fermi 1, Napoli, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gilda D’Urso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verrillo M, Koellensperger G, Puehringer M, Cozzolino V, Spaccini R, Rampler E. Evaluation of Sustainable Recycled Products to Increase the Production of Nutraceutical and Antibacterial Molecules in Basil Plants by a Combined Metabolomic Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:513. [PMID: 36771598 PMCID: PMC9919386 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important goal of modern medicine is the development of products deriving from natural sources to improve environmental sustainability. In this study, humic substances (HS) and compost teas (CTs) extracted from artichoke (ART) and coffee grounds (COF) as recycled biomasses were employed on Ocimum basilicum plants to optimize the yield of specific metabolites with nutraceutical and antibacterial features by applying sustainable strategies. METHODS The molecular characteristics of compost derivates were elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy to investigate the structure-activity relationship between organic extracts and their bioactive potential. Additionally, combined untargeted and targeted metabolomics workflows were applied to plants treated with different concentrations of compost extracts. RESULTS The substances HS-ART and CT-COF improved both antioxidant activity (TEAC values between 39 and 55 μmol g-1) and the antimicrobial efficacy (MIC value between 3.7 and 1.3 μg mL-1) of basil metabolites. The metabolomic approach identified about 149 metabolites related to the applied treatments. Targeted metabolite quantification further highlighted the eliciting effect of HS-ART and CT-COF on the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds for nutraceutical application. CONCLUSIONS The combination of molecular characterization, biological assays, and an advanced metabolomic approach, provided innovative insight into the valorization of recycled biomass to increase the availability of natural compounds employed in the medical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Verrillo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Puehringer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincenza Cozzolino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l’Ambiente, l’Agroalimentare, ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chutimanukul P, Jindamol H, Thongtip A, Korinsak S, Romyanon K, Toojinda T, Darwell CT, Wanichananan P, Panya A, Kaewsri W, Auvuchanon A, Mosaleeyanon K, Chutimanukul P. Physiological responses and variation in secondary metabolite content among Thai holy basil cultivars ( Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) grown under controlled environmental conditions in a plant factory. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1008917. [PMID: 36340360 PMCID: PMC9634403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1008917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Holy basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) is a widely used herb containing several bioactive compounds of interest for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Plant factories using artificial lighting (PFAL) is a modern agricultural system that offers opportunity to improve crop production and stabilizes productivity in many herbal plants. However, little is known about the variation among holy basil varieties that can be cultivated and provide reasonable biomass and bioactive compounds in PFAL. We therefore evaluated 10 Thai accessions and two commercial cultivars in a PFAL (with hydroponic cultivation) to categorize cultivar characteristics by investigating physiological responses and secondary metabolite variation at plant flowering stage. Among Thai varieties, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly highest in varieties OC059 and OC081. The greatest growth and biomass measures were observed in OC064. Antioxidant capacity also varied, with the greatest accumulation of total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay in OC064, and highest terpenoid content in OC194. The accumulation of major compounds confirmed by showing the highest levels of eugenol in OC057, OC063, OC194, and OC195 and methyl eugenol in OC072 and OC081. The highest α-humulene content was found in OC059. PCA based on physiological responses and secondary metabolites indicate that OC064 was clearly distinguished from other cultivars/accessions. These findings demonstrate variation across holy basil accessions for physiologic responses, antioxidant capacity, and secondary compounds in PFAL. These insights lead to identification of suitable varieties which is the most important step of developing an efficient method for producing high quality raw materials of Thai holy basil for supplying the foods and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Hathairut Jindamol
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Akira Thongtip
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Siripar Korinsak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Romyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Clive Terence Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Praderm Wanichananan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Atikorn Panya
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wilailak Kaewsri
- Food Biotechnology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anyamanee Auvuchanon
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, sNakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Thailand
| | - Preuk Chutimanukul
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chutimanukul P, Mosaleeyanon K, Janta S, Toojinda T, Darwell CT, Wanichananan P. Physiological responses, yield and medicinal substance (andrographolide, AP1) accumulation of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) in response to plant density under controlled environmental conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272520. [PMID: 35925998 PMCID: PMC9352076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural practice in adjusting planting density and harvest date are important factors for plant development and crop improvement, reaching maximum yields and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. However, it is unclear as to the optimal planting densities during mass production that encourage consistent, high yield secondary metabolite content. For this, controlled environment, crop production facilities such as plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) offer opportunity to enhance quality and stabilize production of herbal plants. This study assessed the effect of plant density and harvest date on physiological responses, yield and andrographolide (AP1) content in Andrographis paniculata (Andrographis) using hydroponic conditions in a PFAL system. Andrographis, harvested at vegetative stage (30 days after transplanting; 30 DAT) and initial stage of flowering (60 DAT) exhibited no significant differences in growth parameters or andrographolide accumulation according to planting densities. Harvest time at flowering stage (90 DAT) showed the highest photosynthetic rates at a planting density of 15 plants m-2. Highest yield, number of leaves, and Andrographolide (AP1) content (mg per gram of DW in m2) were achieved at a more moderate planting density (30 plants m-2). Finally, five out of seventeen indices of leaf reflectance reveal high correlation (r = 0.8 to 1.0 and r = -0.8 to -1.0, P<0.01) with AP1 content. These results suggest that a planting density of 30 plants m-2 and harvest time of 90 DAT provide optimal growing condition under the hydroponic PFAL system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supattana Janta
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Clive Terence Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Praderm Wanichananan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thongtip A, Mosaleeyanon K, Korinsak S, Toojinda T, Darwell CT, Chutimanukul P, Chutimanukul P. Promotion of seed germination and early plant growth by KNO 3 and light spectra in Ocimum tenuiflorum using a plant factory. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6995. [PMID: 35488043 PMCID: PMC9054764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant factory with artificial light (PFAL) is a novel cultivation system of agriculture technology for crop production under controlled-environment conditions. However, there are a number of issues relating to low quality of seed germination and seedling vigor that lead to decreased crop yields. The present study investigates the optimal KNO3 concentration for seed germination, and the influence of different light spectra on early plant growth in holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) under a PFAL system. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of KNO3 concentration (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) on germination of seeds primed for 24 h under white Light emitting diodes (LED). Results show that sowing holy basil seeds in 0.4% KNO3 enhanced seed germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI), while decreasing mean germination time (MGT). Experiment 2 investigated the effect of four light spectra on seed germination and early plant growth by sowing with 0 and 0.4% KNO3 and germinating for 15 days continuously under different monochromatic light settings: white, red, green and blue in PFAL. It was found that the green spectrum positively affected shoot and root length, and also decreased shortened MGT at 0 and 0.4% KNO3 when compared with other light treatments. Additionally, pre-cultivated seedlings under the green spectrum showed significant improvement in the early plant growth for all holy basil varieties at 15 days after transplanting by promoting stem length, stem diameter, plant width, fresh weights of shoot and root, and dry weights of shoot and root. These findings could be useful in developing seed priming and light treatments to enhance seed germination and seedling quality of holy basil resulting in increased crop production under PFAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Thongtip
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Mosaleeyanon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Siripar Korinsak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Toojinda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Clive Terence Darwell
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Preuk Chutimanukul
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Centre, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Panita Chutimanukul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An Appraisal of Critical Factors Configuring the Composition of Basil in Minerals, Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, Micronutrients and Volatile Aromatic Compounds. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
11
|
Ebert AW. Sprouts and Microgreens-Novel Food Sources for Healthy Diets. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040571. [PMID: 35214902 PMCID: PMC8877763 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the growing interest of society in healthy eating, the interest in fresh, ready-to-eat, functional food, such as microscale vegetables (sprouted seeds and microgreens), has been on the rise in recent years globally. This review briefly describes the crops commonly used for microscale vegetable production, highlights Brassica vegetables because of their health-promoting secondary metabolites (polyphenols, glucosinolates), and looks at consumer acceptance of sprouts and microgreens. Apart from the main crops used for microscale vegetable production, landraces, wild food plants, and crops' wild relatives often have high phytonutrient density and exciting flavors and tastes, thus providing the scope to widen the range of crops and species used for this purpose. Moreover, the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals often vary with plant growth and development within the same crop. Sprouted seeds and microgreens are often more nutrient-dense than ungerminated seeds or mature vegetables. This review also describes the environmental and priming factors that may impact the nutritional value and content of phytochemicals of microscale vegetables. These factors include the growth environment, growing substrates, imposed environmental stresses, seed priming and biostimulants, biofortification, and the effect of light in controlled environments. This review also touches on microgreen market trends. Due to their short growth cycle, nutrient-dense sprouts and microgreens can be produced with minimal input; without pesticides, they can even be home-grown and harvested as needed, hence having low environmental impacts and a broad acceptance among health-conscious consumers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Ebert
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|