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Lu T, Diao YR, Tang XE, Fan F, Peng Z, Zhan MJ, Liu GF, Lin YS, Cheng ZQ, Yi X, Wang YJ, Chen H, Deng ZH. Deep learning enables automatic adult age estimation based on CT reconstruction images of the costal cartilage. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:7519-7529. [PMID: 37231070 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult age estimation (AAE) is a challenging task. Deep learning (DL) could be a supportive tool. This study aimed to develop DL models for AAE based on CT images and compare their performance to the manual visual scoring method. METHODS Chest CT were reconstructed using volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) separately. Retrospective data of 2500 patients aged 20.00-69.99 years were obtained. The cohort was split into training (80%) and validation (20%) sets. Additional independent data from 200 patients were used as the test set and external validation set. Different modality DL models were developed accordingly. Comparisons were hierarchically performed by VR versus MIP, single-modality versus multi-modality, and DL versus manual method. Mean absolute error (MAE) was the primary parameter of comparison. RESULTS A total of 2700 patients (mean age = 45.24 years ± 14.03 [SD]) were evaluated. Of single-modality models, MAEs yielded by VR were lower than MIP. Multi-modality models generally yielded lower MAEs than the optimal single-modality model. The best-performing multi-modality model obtained the lowest MAEs of 3.78 in males and 3.40 in females. On the test set, DL achieved MAEs of 3.78 in males and 3.92 in females, which were far better than the MAEs of 8.90 and 6.42 respectively, for the manual method. For the external validation, MAEs were 6.05 in males and 6.68 in females for DL, and 6.93 and 8.28 for the manual method. CONCLUSIONS DL demonstrated better performance than the manual method in AAE based on CT reconstruction of the costal cartilage. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Aging leads to diseases, functional performance deterioration, and both physical and physiological damage over time. Accurate AAE may aid in diagnosing the personalization of aging processes. KEY POINTS • VR-based DL models outperformed MIP-based models with lower MAEs and higher R2 values. • All multi-modality DL models showed better performance than single-modality models in adult age estimation. • DL models achieved a better performance than expert assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ru Diao
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-E Tang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Jun Zhan
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Feng Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qi Cheng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Radiology, Beidaihe Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beidaihe Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Chen
- College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Deng
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Weber A, Hoplight B, Ogilvie R, Muro C, Khandasammy SR, Pérez-Almodóvar L, Sears S, Lednev IK. Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application. Anal Chem 2023; 95:167-205. [PMID: 36625116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Weber
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Bailey Hoplight
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Rhilynn Ogilvie
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Claire Muro
- New York State Police Forensic Investigation Center, Building #30, Campus Access Rd., Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Shelby R Khandasammy
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Luis Pérez-Almodóvar
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Samuel Sears
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States.,SupreMEtric LLC, 7 University Pl. B210, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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Cartilage Tissue in Forensic Science—State of the Art and Future Research Directions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue performs many functions in the human body. The diseases and injuries affecting it are prevalent due to its slow regeneration rate. However, cartilage tissue is exceptionally important for its auspicious use in forensic medicine due to its slow postmortem degradation rate. The presented review summarizes the latest research on cartilage tissues and their current and potential applications in forensic science. It also describes the most important studies on using cartilage and its microscopic and macroscopic analyses to estimate the deceased age and determine postmortem interval (PMI) values and the crime weapon. Additionally, the review describes attempts to isolate DNA from cartilage tissue for individual identification. The review also mentions recent, less abundant studies on the cartilage in forensic toxicology and genetics. It points out further directions and prospects for research development on cartilage tissue and its promising use in forensic medicine
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Yoo CY, Son HU, Kim SK, Kim SO, Lee SH. Improved Image Analysis for Measuring Gastric Ulcer Index in Animal Models and Clinical Diagnostic Data. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1233. [PMID: 35626388 PMCID: PMC9139872 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, as an attempt to reduce the minimal error in clinical observations during the diagnosis of gastric ulcers, the applicability of improved ImageJ analysis (IA) was investigated by comparing the results of animal experiments and clinical data. As a result, IA exhibited a significantly improved potential for determining the ulcer index (UI) of clinical data sheets compared to those rated directly by conventional clinical observation (CCO). This indicated that IA enhanced the reproducibility of the measurement of gastric UI using a Bland-Altman plot, resulting in a reduced deviation of each UI value. In addition, it was confirmed that errors in gastric UI decisions can be reduced by adjusting RGB values in diagnostic clinical data (i.e., adjusting to 100 is relatively better than adjusting to 50 or 200). Together, these results suggest that the new enhanced IA could be compatible with novel applications for measuring and evaluating gastric ulcers in clinical settings, meaning that the developed method could be used not only as an auxiliary tool for CCO, but also as a pipeline for ulcer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeol Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (C.-Y.Y.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Hyeong-U Son
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (C.-Y.Y.); (H.-U.S.)
| | - Sung-kook Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Si-Oh Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Korea;
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (C.-Y.Y.); (H.-U.S.)
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
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Bonicelli A, Kranioti EF, Xhemali B, Arnold E, Zioupos P. Assessing bone maturity: Compositional and mechanical properties of rib cortical bone at different ages. Bone 2022; 155:116265. [PMID: 34844026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding what maturity entails for bone, when it arrives, and its pre- and post-maturity traits and properties are very important for understanding its evolution and physiology. There is a clear but fine distinction between the chronological age of bone (the age of its donor) and the tissue age of the bone packets it comprises at the microscopic level. Whole bone fragility changes with age due to mass and architecture effects, but so do the properties of bone at the tissue level. Tissue age and tissue-level properties are therefore increasingly attracting a great deal of attention recently. The present study investigated compositional and material changes in the hydroxyapatite crystals, the collagenous phase, changes in bone matrix composition and its nanoindentation properties and their decline with chronological age in later life. The aim was to track the age threshold at which cortical bone arrives at maturity and what happens following that threshold. To do so FTIR, DSC/TGA, XRD, nanoindentation and microindentation were used to investigate rib cortical bone material across a cohort of 86 individuals from one ethnic group with age spanning between 17 and 82 years. Results of this cross-sectional study showed a clear increase in mineral content relative to the organic and water contents across all ages. Furthermore, an increase in crystal size and consequent decrease in strain (coherence length) was detected associated with secondary mineralisation and an increase in carbonate substitution. Overall, we observe a number of modifications which contribute to a typical functional behaviour of bone showing an increase in both indentation modulus and hardness until the age of about 35 after which both of these properties decline gradually and concomitantly to other physicochemical changes and seemingly until the end of one's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonicelli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Elena F Kranioti
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Emily Arnold
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Peter Zioupos
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK.
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Takamura A, Ozawa T. Recent advances of vibrational spectroscopy and chemometrics for forensic biological analysis. Analyst 2021; 146:7431-7449. [PMID: 34813634 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01637g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biological materials found at a crime scene are crucially important evidence for forensic investigation because they provide contextual information about a crime and can be linked to the donor-individuals through combination with DNA analysis. Applications of vibrational spectroscopy to forensic biological analysis have been emerging because of its advantageous characteristics such as the non-destructivity, rapid measurement, and quantitative evaluation, compared to most current methods based on histological observation or biochemical techniques. This review presents an overview of recent developments in vibrational spectroscopy for forensic biological analysis. We also emphasize chemometric techniques, which can elicit reliable and advanced analytical outputs from highly complex spectral data from forensic biological materials. The analytical subjects addressed herein include body fluids, hair, soft tissue, bones, and bioagents. Promising applications for various analytical purposes in forensic biology are presented. Simultaneously, future avenues of study requiring further investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayari Takamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Teglind R, Dawidson I, Balkefors J, Alkass K. Analysis of 14C, 13C and Aspartic Acid Racemization in Teeth and Bones to Facilitate Identification of Unknown Human Remains: Outcomes of Practical Casework. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1655. [PMID: 34827653 PMCID: PMC8615977 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of unknown human remains represents an important task in forensic casework. If there are no clues as to the identity of the remains, then the age, sex, and origin are the most important factors to limit the search for a matching person. Here, we present the outcome of application of so-called bomb pulse radiocarbon (14C derived from above-ground nuclear bomb tests during 1955-1963) analysis to birthdate human remains. In nine identified cases, 14C analysis of tooth crowns provided an estimate of the true date of birth with an average absolute error of 1.2 ± 0.8 years. Analysis of 14C in tooth roots also showed a good precision with an average absolute error of 2.3 ± 2.5 years. Levels of 14C in bones can determine whether a subject has lived after 1955 or not, but more precise carbon turnover data for bones would be needed to calculate date of birth and date of death. Aspartic acid racemization analysis was performed on samples from four cases; in one of these, the year of birth could be predicted with good precision, whereas the other three cases are still unidentified. The stable isotope 13C was analyzed in tooth crowns to estimate provenance. Levels of 13C indicative of Scandinavian provenance were found in known Scandinavian subjects. Teeth from four Polish subjects all showed higher 13C levels than the average for Scandinavian subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Teglind
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Irena Dawidson
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Jonas Balkefors
- Tandem Laboratory, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kanar Alkass
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Forensic Medicine, The National Board of Forensic Medicine, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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