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Chiu HJ, Sun CK, Wang HY, Chang HY, Kuo CH, Sue YR, Wu SH, Tung SY, Lee CY, Yeh PY. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between heavy smoking and probability discounting. Am J Addict 2024; 33:375-384. [PMID: 38290762 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Probability discounting (PD), which refers to the process of adjusting the value of future probabilities when making decisions, is a method of measuring impulsive decision-making; however, the relationship between PD and nicotine remains unclear. The current study aimed at investigating the significance of PD in individuals who smoke. METHODS According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched the PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for articles comparing individuals who smoke and their tobacco-naïve controls using PD task as outcome measure from inception to May 2023. The main outcome was an overall difference in PD function, while subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to examine the analysis methods and the moderators of PD. RESULTS Fourteen studies in total involving 384 individuals who smoke and 493 controls (mean age = 24.32 years, range = 15.1-38.05 years) were analyzed. The effect of smoking on PD was significant (g = 0.51, p = .02). The discounting parameter from the equation, compared to the area under the curve, was more sensitive to estimating PD function (p = .01). Regression analysis showed positive correlations of PD with female percentage, age, and the number of probability options (all p < .04), but not with the number of choices at each probability and maximum reward magnitude (all p > .07). There was no significant publication bias across the eligible studies (p = .09). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our findings, which are the first to demonstrate a smaller PD (i.e., prone to risk-taking) in individuals who smoke, shed light on the appropriate analysis method, gender effect, age, and probability options on the PD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Jane Chiu
- Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Minster of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Wang
- Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yun Chang
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Sue
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Tung
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yang Yeh
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Psychology Center, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mohamed NF, Ab Manan N, Muhammad Firdaus Chan MF, Rahmatullah B, Abd Wahab R, Baharudin SNA, Govindasamy P, Abdulla K. The prevalence of internet gaming disorders and the associated psychosocial risk factors among adolescents in Malaysian secondary schools. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1420-1434. [PMID: 36927134 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231164870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been placed under the conditions for further study segment in DSM-5. The purpose of the current study was to develop a preliminary psychosocial model as a reference for providing appropriate intervention, particularly for adolescents with IGD. A total of 5290 adolescents from secondary schools in seven states in Malaysia were recruited by using proportionate random sampling. A standardized set of validated questionnaires such as DASS-21, BIS-11, and IGDS9-SF were distributed to participants that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of IGD among Malaysian adolescents was 3.5%. The bivariate analysis summarized that factors such as stress, impulsivity, gender, time spent using the internet, and relationship with parents and friends; have statistically significant associations with IGD. The logistic regression model revealed that adolescents with IGD were 9 times more likely to experience extremely severe stress (p < 0.001). Several psychosocial factors were associated strongly with IGD in the current study, however, mental health shows the most significant issues among adolescents with IGD. Immediate intervention through a psychological approach to internet gaming is needed from parents, schools, and also respective stakeholders. IGD may become one of the addictions diseases that cause deterioration in many aspects of an adolescent's future life without serious intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Firdous Mohamed
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Ab Manan
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Bahbibi Rahmatullah
- Faculty of Computing and Meta-Technology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Rasidah Abd Wahab
- Reconstructive and Rehabilitation Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Malaysia of Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Priyalatha Govindasamy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Development, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
- Faculty of Education and Humanities, UNITAR International University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kahar Abdulla
- European Alliance Against Depression, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
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Zhang P, Pan Y, Zha R, Song H, Yuan C, Zhao Q, Piao Y, Ren J, Chen Y, Liang P, Tao R, Wei Z, Zhang X. Impulsivity-related right superior frontal gyrus as a biomarker of internet gaming disorder. Gen Psychiatr 2023; 36:e100985. [PMID: 37583792 PMCID: PMC10423834 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a mental health issue that affects individuals worldwide. However, the lack of knowledge about the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD has restricted the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Aims We aimed to reveal the biomarkers associated with the development of IGD through resting-state brain network analysis and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD. Methods Twenty-six patients with IGD, 23 excessive internet game users (EIUs) who recurrently played internet games but were not diagnosed with IGD and 29 healthy controls (HCs) performed delay discounting task (DDT) and Iowa gambling task (IGT). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were also collected. Results Patients with IGD exhibited significantly lower hubness in the right medial orbital part of the superior frontal gyrus (ORBsupmed) than both the EIU and the HC groups. Additionally, the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be positively correlated with the highest excessive internet gaming degree during the past year in the EIU group but not the IGD group; this might be the protective mechanism that prevents EIUs from becoming addicted to internet games. Moreover, the hubness of the right ORBsupmed was found to be related to the treatment outcome of patients with IGD, with higher hubness of this region indicating better recovery when undergoing forced abstinence. Further modelling analysis of the DDT and IGT showed that patients with IGD displayed higher impulsivity during the decision-making process, and impulsivity-related parameters were negatively correlated with the hubness of right ORBsupmed. Conclusions Our findings revealed that the impulsivity-related right ORBsupmed hubness could serve as a potential biomarker of IGD and provide clues for the diagnosis and treatment of IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rujing Zha
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongwen Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cunfeng Yuan
- Drug Rehabilitation Administration, Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Piao
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiecheng Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Peipeng Liang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengde Wei
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Application Technology Center of Physical Therapy to Brain Disorders, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Ropovik I, Martončik M, Babinčák P, Baník G, Vargová L, Adamkovič M. Risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder: A meta-analysis of pre-COVID studies. Addict Behav 2023; 139:107590. [PMID: 36571943 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This large-scale meta-analysis aimed to provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of the available evidence from the pre-COVID period on risk and protective factors for (internet) gaming disorder (as defined in the DSM-5 or ICD-11) across all studied populations. The risk/protective factors included demographic characteristics, psychological, psychopathological, social, and gaming-related factors. In total, we have included 1,586 effects from 253 different studies, summarizing data from 210,557 participants. Apart from estimating these predictive associations and relevant moderating effects, we implemented state-of-the-art adjustments for publication bias, psychometric artifacts, and other forms of bias arising from the publication process. Additionally, we carried out an in-depth assessment of the quality of underlying evidence by examining indications of selective reporting, statistical inconsistencies, the typical power of utilized study designs to detect theoretically relevant effects, and performed various sensitivity analyses. The available evidence suggests the existence of numerous moderately strong and highly heterogeneous risk factors (e.g., male gender, depression, impulsivity, anxiety, stress, gaming time, escape motivation, or excessive use of social networks) but only a few empirically robust protective factors (self-esteem, intelligence, life satisfaction, and education; all having markedly smaller effect sizes). We discuss the theoretical implications of our results for prominent theoretical models of gaming disorder and for the existing and future prevention strategies. The impact of various examined biasing factors on the available evidence seemed to be modest, yet we identified shortcomings in the measurement and reporting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Ropovik
- Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Czechia; Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Slovakia
| | - Marcel Martončik
- Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Slovakia; Institute of Social Sciences CSPS SAS, Slovakia; Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | - Gabriel Baník
- Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Czechia; Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Slovakia
| | | | - Matúš Adamkovič
- Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Slovakia; Institute of Social Sciences CSPS SAS, Slovakia; Department of Music, Art and Culture Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Delay discounting in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res 2023; 436:114101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Current Status of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in Japan: New Lifestyle-Related Disease in Children and Adolescents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154566. [PMID: 35956181 PMCID: PMC9369635 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization recognizes internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a disorder that causes problems in daily life as a result of excessive interest in online games. The causes of IGD have become more apparent in recent years. Because of prolonged exposure to games, the mechanisms controlling the reward system, such as the prefrontal cortex, limbic system, and amygdala of the cerebrum, do not function properly in IGD. This mechanism is similar to that of various behavioral addictions, such as gambling addiction. IGD is particularly risky in children and adolescents because it easily causes brain dysfunction, especially in the developing brain. IGD should be regarded as a new lifestyle-related disease in younger individuals, and lifestyle modifications, including counseling and family therapy, are critical for its management.
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Gilroy SP, Strickland JC, Naudé GP, Johnson MW, Amlung M, Reed DD. Beyond Systematic and Unsystematic Responding: Latent Class Mixture Models to Characterize Response Patterns in Discounting Research. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:806944. [PMID: 35571278 PMCID: PMC9096832 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.806944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Operant behavioral economic methods are increasingly used in basic research on the efficacy of reinforcers as well as in large-scale applied research (e.g., evaluation of empirical public policy). Various methods and strategies have been put forward to assist discounting researchers in conducting large-scale research and detecting irregular response patterns. Although rule-based approaches are based on well-established behavioral patterns, these methods for screening discounting data make assumptions about decision-making patterns that may not hold in all cases and across different types of choices. Without methods well-suited to the observed data, valid data could be omitted or invalid data could be included in study analyses, which subsequently affects study power, the precision of estimates, and the generality of effects. This review and demonstration explore existing approaches for characterizing discounting and presents a novel, data-driven approach based on Latent Class Analysis. This approach (Latent Class Mixed Modeling) characterizes longitudinal patterns of choice into classes, the goal of which is to classify groups of responders that differ characteristically from the overall sample of discounters. In the absence of responders whose behavior is characteristically distinct from the greater sample, modern approaches such as mixed-effects models are robust to less-systematic data series. This approach is discussed, demonstrated with a publicly available dataset, and reviewed as a potential supplement to existing methods for inspecting and screening discounting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn P. Gilroy
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Shawn P. Gilroy,
| | - Justin C. Strickland
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gideon P. Naudé
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W. Johnson
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael Amlung
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Derek D. Reed
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Cofrin Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Profile of Treatment-Seeking Gaming Disorder Patients: A Network Perspective. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:941-965. [PMID: 34625873 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing presence of gaming disorder in recent years has led to major efforts to identify the specific predictors that have a high impact on the profile of people seeking treatment for this mental condition. The purpose of this study was to explore the network structure of the correlates of gaming disorder considering sociodemographic features and other clinical symptoms. Network analysis was applied to a sample of patients who met clinical criteria for gaming disorder (n = 117, of ages ranging from 15 to 70 yrs-old). Variables considered in the network included sex, age, socioeconomic position, global emotional distress, age of onset and duration of the gaming disorder, personality traits and the presence of other addictive behaviors (tobacco, alcohol and behavioral addictions). The central nodes in the network were global psychological distress, chronological age, and age of onset of gaming related problems. Linkage analysis also identified psychopathological status and age as the variables with the most valuable information in the model. The poorest relevance in the analysis was for the duration of gaming problems and socioeconomic levels. Modularity analysis grouped the nodes within four clusters. Identification of the variables with the highest centrality/linkage can be particularly useful for developing precise management plans to prevent and treat gaming disorder related problems.
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