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Mostafa RH, Moustafa A. Beyond acute infection: molecular mechanisms underpinning cardiovascular complications in long COVID. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1268571. [PMID: 38495940 PMCID: PMC10942004 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1268571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic, has manifested significant cardiovascular implications for the infected population. These cardiovascular repercussions not only linger beyond the initial phase of illness but have also been observed in individuals who remain asymptomatic. This extended and pervasive impact is often called the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) or "Long COVID". With the number of confirmed global cases approaching an alarming 756 million, the multifaceted challenges of Long COVID are undeniable. These challenges span from individual health complications to considerable burdens on worldwide healthcare systems. Our review comprehensively examines the complications of the persistent cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, we shed light on emerging therapeutic strategies that promise to manage and possibly mitigate these complications. We also introduce and discuss the profound concerns regarding the potential transgenerational repercussions of SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the need for a proactive and informed approach to future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Hamed Mostafa
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Moustafa
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Gao F, Wang X, Qin N, Zhang M, Liao M, Zeng M, Lu D, Sha O. The analysis of cathepsin L that mediates cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to COVID-19 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156038. [PMID: 37292206 PMCID: PMC10246451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vulnerability of the oral cavity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is well-known, and cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19, emphasizing the need to prioritize this patient population. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers associated with early metastasis and poor prognosis. It has been established that cancerous tissues express Cathepsin L (CTSL), a proteinase that regulates cancer progression and SARS-CoV-2 entry. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the correlation between disease outcomes and CTSL expression in cancer tissues and predict the susceptibility of cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used transcriptomic and genomic data to profile CTSL expression in HNSCC and developed a CTSL signature that could reflect the response of HNSCC patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Additionally, we investigated the relationship between CTSL expression and immune cell infiltration and established CTSL as a potential carcinogenic factor for HNSCC patients. These findings could aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of HNSCC patients to SARS-CoV-2 and contribute to the development of therapy for both HNSCC and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nianhong Qin
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingfeng Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqi Zeng
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Stomatological Research, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Alaeddini M, Etemad-Moghadam S. SARS-Cov-2 infection in cancer patients, susceptibility, outcome and care. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:511-520. [PMID: 35605680 PMCID: PMC9119956 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many problems in cancer patients, which in part are due to insufficient knowledge of the exact implications of the virus on these individuals. Perceptions based on known facts about previous pandemics and coronaviruses might not agree with actual real-life experience and objective findings. We present a compilation of scientific facts and actual observations on different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. These patients are at increased risk of viral contraction and have higher chances of severe disease/mortality. The latter is impacted by other factors and is still debated. In contrast to preliminary impressions, the benefits of anti-cancer treatments outweigh their risks and should be continued. Cancer patients generate antibodies in response to vaccination but in lower amounts than healthy people, especially those with hematologic cancers. Boosters, including third doses, have shown increased immune-responses in most patients. Vaccination should be prioritized in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam
- Corresponding author at: Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam, Dentistry Research Institute, Dental Research Centre, Ghods St, Enghelab Ave, P.O. Box: 14155-5583; Postal code: 14174, Tehran, Iran
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Dong Q, Li Q, Duan L, Wang H, Yan Y, Yin H, Niu L, Zhang H, Wang B, Yuan G, Pan Y. Expressions and significances of CTSL, the target of COVID-19 on GBM. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:599-608. [PMID: 34807310 PMCID: PMC8607410 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cathepsin L (CTSL) is a kind of the SARS-entry-associated CoV-2's proteases, which plays a key role in the virus's entry into the cell and subsequent infection. We investigated the association between the expression level of CTSL and overall survival in Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, to better understand the possible route and risks of new coronavirus infection for patients with GBM. Methods The expression level of CTSL in GBM was analyzed using TCGA and CGGA databases. The relationship between CTSL and immune infiltration levels was analyzed by means of the TIMER database. The impact of CTSL inhibitors on GBM biological activity was tested. Results The findings revealed that GBM tissues had higher CTSL expression levels than that of normal brain tissues, which was associated with a significantly lower survival rate in GBM patients. Meanwhile, the expression level of CTSL negatively correlated with purity, B cell and CD8+ T cell in GBM. CTSL inhibitor significantly reduced growth and induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Conclusion According to the findings, CTSL acts as an independent prognostic factor and can be considered as promising therapeutic target for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03843-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunji Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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