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Zhu C, Xu J, Lin J, Liu J, Yu E. Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog/Synaptotagmin-7 alleviates Alzheimer's disease in mice by promoting M2 polarization of microglia. Brain Res Bull 2024; 214:110994. [PMID: 38830486 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin-7 (SYT7) has been proposed as an innovative therapeutic strategy for treating cognitive impairment, while its contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) alleviation remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and potential mechanisms of SYT7 in AD. APP/PS1 mice were induced as an AD mouse model, and RNA-sequencing was conducted to analyze the transcriptomic differences between the brain tissues of AD mice and controls. SYT7, which was the most significantly differentially expressed gene in the RNA-sequencing, was found to be reduced in AD-like mice, and overexpression of SYT7 alleviated cognitive dysfunction and attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the hippocampal tissues of mice with AD. Transcription factor double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog (RAD21) bound to the promoter of SYT7 to activate SYT7 transcription. SYT7 and RAD21 were expressed in microglia. SYT7 and RAD21 both promoted M2 polarization of microglia, while silencing of SYT7 repressed the M2 polarization of microglia in the presence of RAD21 overexpression. Overall, our results indicate that RAD21 mediated transcriptional activation of SYT7 to promote M2 polarization of microglia, thereby alleviating AD-like symptoms in mice, which might provide prospective cues for developing therapeutic strategies to improve cognitive impairment and AD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- School of Mental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- Department of General Psychiatric, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311122, PR China
| | - Jixin Lin
- Second Clinical Medicine Faculty, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Enyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, PR China.
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Zhu Y, Hui Q, Zhang Z, Fu H, Qin Y, Zhao Q, Li Q, Zhang J, Guo L, He W, Han C. Advancements in the study of synaptic plasticity and mitochondrial autophagy relationship. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25309. [PMID: 38400573 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synapses serve as the points of communication between neurons, consisting primarily of three components: the presynaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. They transmit signals through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to undergo structural and functional changes, is influenced by proteins such as growth-associated proteins, synaptic vesicle proteins, postsynaptic density proteins, and neurotrophic growth factors. Furthermore, maintaining synaptic plasticity consumes more than half of the brain's energy, with a significant portion of this energy originating from ATP generated through mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the quantity, distribution, transport, and function of mitochondria impact the stability of brain energy metabolism, thereby participating in the regulation of fundamental processes in synaptic plasticity, including neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth, synapse formation, and neurotransmitter release. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the proteins associated with presynaptic plasticity, postsynaptic plasticity, and common factors between the two, as well as the relationship between mitochondrial energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousong Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinlong Hui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Yali Qin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenbin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Cheng Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Jinzhong, China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
- Basic Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
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Jusyte M, Blaum N, Böhme MA, Berns MMM, Bonard AE, Vámosi ÁB, Pushpalatha KV, Kobbersmed JRL, Walter AM. Unc13A dynamically stabilizes vesicle priming at synaptic release sites for short-term facilitation and homeostatic potentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112541. [PMID: 37243591 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic plasticity adjusts neurotransmitter (NT) liberation. Short-term facilitation (STF) tunes synapses to millisecond repetitive activation, while presynaptic homeostatic potentiation (PHP) of NT release stabilizes transmission over minutes. Despite different timescales of STF and PHP, our analysis of Drosophila neuromuscular junctions reveals functional overlap and shared molecular dependence on the release-site protein Unc13A. Mutating Unc13A's calmodulin binding domain (CaM-domain) increases baseline transmission while blocking STF and PHP. Mathematical modeling suggests that Ca2+/calmodulin/Unc13A interaction plastically stabilizes vesicle priming at release sites and that CaM-domain mutation causes constitutive stabilization, thereby blocking plasticity. Labeling the functionally essential Unc13A MUN domain reveals higher STED microscopy signals closer to release sites following CaM-domain mutation. Acute phorbol ester treatment similarly enhances NT release and blocks STF/PHP in synapses expressing wild-type Unc13A, while CaM-domain mutation occludes this, indicating common downstream effects. Thus, Unc13A regulatory domains integrate signals across timescales to switch release-site participation for synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meida Jusyte
- Molecular and Theoretical Neuroscience, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Blaum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias A Böhme
- Molecular and Theoretical Neuroscience, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manon M M Berns
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix E Bonard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ábel B Vámosi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Janus R L Kobbersmed
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander M Walter
- Molecular and Theoretical Neuroscience, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Suo H, Xiao N, Wang K. Potential roles of synaptotagmin family members in cancers: Recent advances and prospects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:968081. [PMID: 36004367 PMCID: PMC9393329 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.968081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the continuous development of bioinformatics and public database, more and more genes that play a role in cancers have been discovered. Synaptotagmins (SYTs) are abundant, evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins composed of a short N-terminus, a variable linker domain, a single transmembrane domain, and two C2 domains, and they constitute a family of 17 isoforms. The synaptotagmin family members are known to regulate calcium-dependent membrane fusion events. Some SYTs play roles in hormone secretion or neurotransmitter release or both, and much evidence supports SYTs as Ca2+ sensors of exocytosis. Since 5 years ago, an increasing number of studies have found that SYTs also played important roles in the occurrence and development of lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, and other cancers. Down-regulation of SYTs inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells, but promoted cell apoptosis. Growth of peritoneal nodules is inhibited and survival is prolonged in mice administrated with siSYTs intraperitoneally. Therefore, most studies have found SYTs serve as an oncogene after overexpression and may become potential prognostic biomarkers for multiple cancers. This article provides an overview of recent studies that focus on SYT family members’ roles in cancers and highlights the advances that have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandan Suo
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kewei Wang,
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Sauvola CW, Akbergenova Y, Cunningham KL, Aponte-Santiago NA, Littleton JT. The decoy SNARE Tomosyn sets tonic versus phasic release properties and is required for homeostatic synaptic plasticity. eLife 2021; 10:e72841. [PMID: 34713802 PMCID: PMC8612732 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle (SV) release probability (Pr) is a key presynaptic determinant of synaptic strength established by cell-intrinsic properties and further refined by plasticity. To characterize mechanisms that generate Pr heterogeneity between distinct neuronal populations, we examined glutamatergic tonic (Ib) and phasic (Is) motoneurons in Drosophila with stereotyped differences in Pr and synaptic plasticity. We found the decoy soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) Tomosyn is differentially expressed between these motoneuron subclasses and contributes to intrinsic differences in their synaptic output. Tomosyn expression enables tonic release in Ib motoneurons by reducing SNARE complex formation and suppressing Pr to generate decreased levels of SV fusion and enhanced resistance to synaptic fatigue. In contrast, phasic release dominates when Tomosyn expression is low, enabling high intrinsic Pr at Is terminals at the expense of sustained release and robust presynaptic potentiation. In addition, loss of Tomosyn disrupts the ability of tonic synapses to undergo presynaptic homeostatic potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Sauvola
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Yulia Akbergenova
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Karen L Cunningham
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - J Troy Littleton
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The Picower Institute of Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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