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Machairoudia G, Kazantzis D, Chatziralli I, Kampoli K, Ntavatzikos A, Theodossiadis P, Koumarianou A. Prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease in patients treated with aromatase inhibitors for breast cancer. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:415-419. [PMID: 37699786 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2239247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in patients with breast cancer can lead to dry eye disease (DED). BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of DED in patients treated with AIs for breast cancer. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were patients with breast cancer treated with AIs. Demographic and clinical data, including age, sex, type of cancer, stage, grade, duration of treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were collected. All patients underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination, as well as Tear Break up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer test, while Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaires were administered. Based on the clinical findings, a diagnosis of DED was made, and prevalence was calculated. Univariate analysis of the association of different variables with DED was performed. A logistic regression analysis was done to identify risk factors for DED among study population. RESULTS A total of 102 participants were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 62.4 ± 10.8 years. A total of 77 out of 102 patients (75.5%) had ductal, 16 (15.7%) lobular and 9 (8.8%) other types of breast cancer. A total of 83 patients (81.4%) received chemotherapy and 70 patients (68.6%) received radiotherapy. The mean duration of treatment was 24.4 ± 18.9 months. The prevalence of DED in the study sample was 69.6%. Patients who received radiotherapy (OR = 3.31, 95%CI = 1.30-7.82, p = 0.01) or were under treatment with AIs for more than 24 months (OR = 3.53, 95%CI = 1.47-9.21, p = 0.002) were found to have an increased risk of DED. CONCLUSION There was a high prevalence of DED among the study population. Radiotherapy and duration of treatment with AIs were independently associated with DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Machairoudia
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kazantzis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Kampoli
- Hematology Oncology Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ntavatzikos
- Hematology Oncology Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Theodossiadis
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Hematology Oncology Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Oliveira FM, Borges MM, Malta CE, Moura JF, Forte CP, Barbosa JV, Silva PG, Dantas TS. Comparison of a daily and alternate-day photobiomodulation protocol in the prevention of oral mucositis in patients undergoing radiochemotherapy for oral cancer: a triple-blind, controlled clinical trial. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e430-e440. [PMID: 38615257 PMCID: PMC11175575 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventive Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) significantly reduces oral mucositis (OM) severity in patients undergoing Radiochemotherapy (RCT) for the treatment of oral cancer, but daily applications generate cost, overload the dental team, and reduce the number of patients assisted.To evaluate the effectiveness of two PBMT protocols in preventing OM in patients undergoing RCT for oral cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS 16 patients diagnosed with oral cancer undergoing RCT were included, equally divided into two groups: a group treated daily with PBMT, and another group also submitted to daily treatment, however, performing the application of PBMT every three days, interspersed with a simulation of PBMT (placebo). A red laser was used (~660 nm), 0.1W power, 1J of energy applied per point, 9 points per area (labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, lateral borders of the tongue, body of the tongue, and floor of the mouth) from the beginning of RCT until the end of the oncological treatment. Daily assessments were performed regarding OM scores, the World Health Organization (WHO) pain scale, and the visual analog scale (VAS). Weight, salivary flow (SGAPP), OHIP-14, and DMFT were evaluated on the initial and final days of RT. OM incidence and clinical data were compared by Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Pain and other scale scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney and Friedman/Dunn tests (SPSS v20.0 p<0.05). RESULTS In the group with PBMT on alternate days, there was an increase in the frequency of grade 2 and grade 3 oral mucositis and an increased risk of grade 2 oral mucositis, in addition to higher mean pain scores and greater reduction in salivary flow. CONCLUSIONS The daily PBMT protocol proved more effective in controlling the frequency and severity of OM, pain, and salivary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-M Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus Rua Monsenhor Furtado, S/N, Rodolfo Teófilo 60430-355 - Fortaleza - CE, Brazil
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Jin Y, Huang L, Wu W, Gao M. Multi‑parameter quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in the early assessment of radiation‑induced parotid damage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma following intensity‑modulated radiotherapy. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:180. [PMID: 38464343 PMCID: PMC10921267 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) and three-dimensional pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (ASL) in assessing dynamic changes of the parotid gland in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) following radiotherapy (RT). A total of 18 patients with NPC who underwent intensity-modulated RT were enrolled in the present study. All patients underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging, plus IVIM and ASL imaging of the bilateral parotid glands within 2 weeks prior to RT, and 1 week (1W) and 3 months (3M) following RT. Pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (F) and blood flow (BF) were analyzed. D and BF values were significantly increased from pre-RT to 1W post-RT [change rate: Median (IQR), ΔD1W%: 39.28% (38.23%) and ΔBF1W%: 60.84% (54.88%)] and continued to increase from 1W post-RT to 3M post-RT [55.44% (40.56%) and ΔBF%: 120.39% (128.74%)]. In addition, the F value was significantly increased from pre-RT to 1W post-RT, [change rate: Median (IQR), ΔF1W%: 28.13% (44.66%)], and this decreased significantly from 1W post-RT to 3M post-RT. However, no significant differences were observed between pre-RT and 3M post-RT. Results of the present study also demonstrated that the D* value was significantly decreased from pre-RT to 1W post-RT and 3M post-RT [change rate: Median (IQR), ΔD*1w%: -41.86% (51.71%) and ΔD*3M: -29.11% (42.67%)]. No significant difference was observed between the different time intervals post-RT. There was a significant positive correlation between percentage change in ΔBF1W and radiation dose (ρ=0.548, P=0.001). Thus, IVIM-diffusion-weighted imaging and ASL may aid in the detection and prediction of radiation-induced parotid damage in the early stages following RT. They may contribute to further understanding the potential association between damage to the parotid glands and patient-/treatment-related variables, through the assessment of individual microcapillary perfusion and tissue diffusivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Jin
- Clinical Research Center, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
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Patfield A, Wykes J, Venchiarutti R, Dunn M, Clark J, Froggatt C. How age affects health-related-quality-of-life outcomes in maxillomandibular reconstructive surgery. ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:148-155. [PMID: 38156723 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maxillomandibular reconstruction has various functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial effects that can decrease patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The aim of this study was to compare HRQOL outcomes in older and younger patients undergoing maxillomandibular reconstruction. METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients undergoing maxillomandibular reconstruction surgery between November 2008 and January 2021 was conducted. Participants completed the FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module, M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), and Speech Handicap Index (SHI). Results from these instruments were used to compare HRQOL outcomes in old (≥70 years) and young (<70 years) patients. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients who underwent maxillomandibular reconstruction completed the instruments (response rate 50%), of which 33 (33%) were aged ≥70 years. Older age was associated with improved FACE-Q speaking (+11.3, P = 0.045), FACE-Q cancer worry (-9.97, P = 0.050), and SHI score (-16.6, P = 0.013). After adjusting for the effect of radiotherapy, age was associated with improved FACE-Q speaking (+16.8, P = 0.012), FACE-Q smiling distress (+12.6, P = 0.040), FACE-Q worry (-11.0, P = 0.032), and SHI scores (-18.4, P = 0.004). Older age was associated with an increased likelihood of postoperative complications (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, P = 0.02) and medical complications (OR = 4.6, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing maxillomandibular reconstruction, older age (≥70 years) was associated with better HRQOL outcomes in domains relating to speech and cancer worry. In all other HRQOL outcomes, the two age groups performed similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Patfield
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Wykes
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Venchiarutti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Masako Dunn
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Institute of Academic Surgery, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catriona Froggatt
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Narayanan SP, Mohanty S, Mohanti BK, Rath H, Atreya S, Rout A, Mahapatra S. Comparative effectiveness of verbal instruction versus video-based education (VIVid) among family caregivers for improving the quality of life in advanced head and neck cancer patients receiving palliative care in Eastern India: a randomized controlled trial. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:3495-3506. [PMID: 37530959 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if video-based educational intervention compared to the standard verbal guidelines, provided to caregivers on home-based palliative care could enhance the quality of life (QoL) in advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. METHODS The study employed a prospective, two-arm parallel-group, randomized controlled trial design. Investigators prepared a real-world demonstrational video of ten minutes duration regarding home-based care for family caregivers, with voice-over in Odia language (Eastern India). The contents of the video addressed the management of common problems in palliative care among HNC patients. This study included 180 participants, 90 patient & caregiver dyads randomized to interventional (video-based education) or control (verbal instruction) groups. Patients' QoL was measured at baseline and 3 weeks follow-up using EORTC QLQ C30. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, T-test, spearman correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were employed for statistical analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS Seventy participant dyads completed the planned two assessments: baseline and at the end of 3rd week (Intervention = 37; Control = 33). The intervention group showed a significant improvement in the patient's health-related QoL, physical, emotional, and social functioning. Symptom burden reduction was observed for pain, nausea, and fatigue. A significant increase in the change in QoL with the video-based education group (VBE) compared to the verbal instruction (VI) group after adjusting for age, gender, physical functioning, and pain symptomology (adjusted R2 = 0.402) was noted. CONCLUSION VBE intervention using smart-phone may offer caregivers a viable means of enhancing self-management while improving patients' QoL within the socio-cultural challenges for home-based palliative care in India. Further research on training caregivers using digital interventions and home-based visits is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2021/06/034473 [Registered on: 30/06/2021].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Priya Narayanan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, S.C.B. Dental College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India.
- Pain and Palliative Unit, Acharya Harihar Post-Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India.
| | - Sumita Mohanty
- Pain and Palliative Unit, Acharya Harihar Post-Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Bidhu Kalyan Mohanti
- Bagchi Sri Shankara Cancer Centre, Infovalley, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Hemamalini Rath
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, S.C.B. Dental College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Shrikant Atreya
- Department of Palliative Care and Psychooncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India
| | - Archana Rout
- Pain and Palliative Unit, Acharya Harihar Post-Graduate Institute of Cancer, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
| | - Shilpa Mahapatra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, S.C.B. Dental College & Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India
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Frigaard J, Liaaen Jensen J, Kanli Galtung H, Hiorth M. Stability and cytotoxicity of biopolymer-coated liposomes for use in the oral cavity. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123407. [PMID: 37708999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the stability and cytotoxicity of biopolymer-coated liposomes for use in the oral cavity. Liposomes (3 mM and 6 mM) were prepared by the thin film method and hydrated with phosphate buffer (PB) or glycerol phosphate buffer (G-PB). For coating, liposomes were added to a biopolymer solution of opposite charge. Particle stability was evaluated by measuring the size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential for up to 60 weeks. In vitro interaction of fluorescent-labelled biopolymer-coated liposomes and dysplastic oral keratinocytes was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Potential cytotoxicity was assessed in dysplastic oral keratinocytes by cell proliferation and cell viability. All three biopolymers showed good coating abilities for both concentrations and hydration media. The alginate coated liposomes in PB, 3 mM chitosan-coated liposomes in PB, and chitosan-coated liposomes in G-PB were stable for up to 60 weeks. In vitro studies demonstrated low cytotoxicity for all coated liposomes and non-specific cellular uptake of biopolymer-coated liposomes, independent of biopolymer, surface charge, lipid concentration and hydration media. All three formulations demonstrated low cytotoxicity and were considered safe. Alginate- and chitosan-coated liposomes demonstrated good stability over time and may be promising agents for use in the oral cavity and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frigaard
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Box 1109 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Kanli Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway, Box 1052 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway, Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Suciu CI, Suciu VI, Nicoară SD. Ocular Manifestations in Head and Neck Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre from South India. Rom J Ophthalmol 2023; 67:345-353. [PMID: 38239414 PMCID: PMC10793363 DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2023.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) present a significant global health burden, especially in India, where oral cavity cancers, notably affecting the tongue, are prevalent. A substantial portion of global HNCs (57.5%) is concentrated in Asia, India contributing with 30%. Despite advancements, challenges persist due to HNCs' invasive nature and metastatic potential. This study aims to explore the link between HNCs and ocular manifestations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute involving 47 patients with diagnosed HNCs and ocular complaints. Clinical evaluations encompassed visual acuity, anterior and posterior segment examinations, and specialized investigations when necessary. Results: A diverse range of malignancies were observed, with SCC maxilla and xeroderma pigmentosa, each accounting for 10.63% of cases. Ocular examinations unveiled visual acuity challenges, anterior segment findings like masses, exotropia, pigmented lesions, and varied fundus abnormalities. The anterior segment findings encompassed masses often accompanied by protrusion or relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Additionally, exotropia, pigmented lesions, and other conditions were observed. Fundus examination revealed a spectrum of findings, including media haziness (10.63%), lack of view (17.02%), and pale discs (6.38%). Treatment plans were diverse, including excision biopsies (42.55%), exenteration procedures, Mitomycin-C applications, and referrals for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion: The present study underscores the significance of ophthalmological assessment and investigations in patients with diagnosed HNCs, emphasizing the value of early detection and intervention. Abbreviations: HNC = Head and Neck Cancer, OCT = Optical Coherence Tomography, WNL = Within Normal Limits, SCC = Squamous Cell Carcinoma, MRI = Magnetic Resonance Imaging, CT = Computed Tomography, RAPD = Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect, XP = Xeroderma Pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Iuliana Suciu
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Ioan Suciu
- Department of Neuroscience, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emergency County Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Rezazadeh F, Andisheh-Tadbir A, Malek Mansouri Z, Khademi B, Bayat P, Sedarat H, Tabesh A, Tayebi Khorami E. Evaluation of recurrence, mortality and treatment complications of oral squamous cell carcinoma in public health centers in Shiraz during 2010 to 2020. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:341. [PMID: 37254138 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer and is treated with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Various complications of treatment include xerostomia, mucositis, and trismus, which affect patients' quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mortality, recurrence rate and prevalence of oral complications in treated patients. METHOD AND MATERIALS This cross-sectional study reviewed 326 cases of patients with OSCC who were referred to public health centers in Shiraz (Khalili Hospital and Dental School) from 2010 to 2020. All patients were contacted, and the survivors were called and examined by an oral physician. A medical record was created for them, including demographic information, location of the lesion, type of treatment, history of recurrence, metastasis and oral complications. RESULTS 53.5% of patients were male and 46.5% were female. The mean age of patients was 58.68 years. Mortality and recurrence rate was respectively 49.8% and 17.8%. The most common location of the lesion was tongue (64%). Surgery was done for all patients. 97.4% of patients complained of xerostomia, 46.2% of mucositis and 44.3% of trismus. CONCLUSION The most common complications of treatment are xerostomia, mucositis, and trismus, respectively. Frequent and regular follow-ups and supportive therapies reduce these complications and improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Rezazadeh
- Oral and dental disease research center, Oral and Maxillofacial medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Prevention of Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Malek Mansouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Pourya Bayat
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Sedarat
- Student Research Committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Amir Tabesh
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Elham Tayebi Khorami
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hakim SG, Taubitz C, Hoppe S, Steller D, Rades D, Ribbat-Idel J, Alsharif U, Falougy M. Prognostic impact of the loss of E-cadherin and de novo expression of N-cadherin at the invasive front of primary and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151879. [PMID: 37265789 PMCID: PMC10231494 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological mechanism in multiple pathophysiological diseases. Related alterations in cadherin expression play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, progression, angiogenesis, and immune response. EMT cells exhibit a transition from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype (cadherin-switch). This process is characterized by the de novo development of N-cadherin (N-CAD), which replaces E-cadherin (E-CAD) and signifies an increased migratory capacity and malignant transformation. The cadherin switch is a hallmark of EMT and has been studied in various cancer entities. We predicted that the cadherin switch in the primary and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (re-OSCC) tissues is an inherent characteristic of the tumor, affects the biologic behavior, and further reflects the post-recurrence survival outcome of these patients. Survival outcome was analyzed by calculating the post-recurrence survival of the high-risk group and correlating the standardized h-score-based IHC expression of both cadherin types with the clinical follow-up. 94 patients with re-OSCC were observed within the cohort. Tissue samples from both primary and recurring tumors were collected. There was a significant association between loss of E-CAD expression and both oral cancer-specific and overall survival, (HR=2.72, CI:1.50-4.95, p=0.001) and (HR=3.84, CI:1.93-7.63, p=0.001), respectively, for expression loss higher than 60%. There was no statistically significant correlation between N-CAD de novo expression and Overall, oral cancer-specific and disease-free post-recurrence survival. The current study clearly shows that cadherin-switch, identified as E-CAD loss and N-CAD de novo expression in the invasion front of a re-OSCC, appears to be an inherent histological hallmark that does not change from primary manifestation to recurrence within the same tumor, regardless of the form of adjuvant therapy used for the primary tumor. The loss of E-CAD expression in re-OSCC is an independent risk factor for poor survival, and may be used to stratify therapy and de/escalate the multimodal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer George Hakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helios Medical Center, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Clara Taubitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steffen Hoppe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Steller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julika Ribbat-Idel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ubai Alsharif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dortmund General Hospital, Dortmund, and Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Mohamed Falougy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Liu A, Hefley B, Escandon P, Nicholas SE, Karamichos D. Salivary Exosomes in Health and Disease: Future Prospects in the Eye. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076363. [PMID: 37047335 PMCID: PMC10094317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of vesicles that package and transport DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids to recipient cells. They can be derived from blood, saliva, urine, and/or other biological tissues. Their impact on several diseases, such as neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and ocular diseases, have been reported, but not fully unraveled. The exosomes that are derived from saliva are less studied, but offer significant advantages over exosomes from other sources, due to their accessibility and ease of collection. Thus, their role in the pathophysiology of diseases is largely unknown. In the context of ocular diseases, salivary exosomes have been under-utilized, thus creating an enormous gap in the literature. The current review discusses the state of exosomes research on systemic and ocular diseases and highlights the role and potential of salivary exosomes as future ocular therapeutic vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Liu
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Brenna Hefley
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sarah E. Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3430 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-817-735-2101
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Proteomic Profiling of Saliva and Tears in Radiated Head and Neck Cancer Patients as Compared to Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073714. [PMID: 35409074 PMCID: PMC8998953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) may exhibit similar symptoms of dry mouth and dry eyes, as a result of radiotherapy (RT) or a consequence of disease progression. To identify the proteins that may serve as promising disease biomarkers, we analysed saliva and tears from 29 radiated HNC patients and 21 healthy controls, and saliva from 14 pSS patients by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The study revealed several upregulated, and in some instances overlapping, proteins in the two patient groups. Histone H1.4 and neutrophil collagenase were upregulated in whole saliva of both patient groups, while caspase-14, histone H4, and protein S100-A9 were upregulated in HNC saliva only. In HCN tear fluid, the most highly upregulated protein was mucin-like protein 1. These overexpressed proteins in saliva and tears play central roles in inflammation, host cell injury, activation of reactive oxygen species, and tissue repair. In conclusion, the similarities and differences in overexpressed proteins detected in saliva from HNC and pSS patients may contribute to the overall understanding of the different pathophysiological mechanisms inducing dry mouth. Thus, the recurring proteins identified could possibly serve as future promising biomarkers.
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Saliva Metabolomics in Dry Mouth Patients with Head and Neck Cancer or Sjögren’s Syndrome. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030323. [PMID: 35159133 PMCID: PMC8833893 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of dry mouth conditions is multi-faceted. Patients radiated after head and neck cancer (HNC) and those with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) share many of the same symptoms despite different causes. With the aim of better understanding the pathophysiology and biochemical processes behind dry mouth with different etiologies, we investigated the metabolic profile of 10 HNC patients, 9 pSS patients and 10 healthy controls using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed different metabolic profiles when comparing all subjects included in the study. Both patient groups showed higher ratios of several pyrimidine nucleotides and nucleosides when compared to controls. This finding may indicate that purinergic signaling plays a role in dry mouth conditions. Moreover, significantly increased levels of DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid were found in HNC patients when compared to controls, and a similar tendency was observed in the pSS patients. Furthermore, a dysregulation in amino acid metabolism was observed in both patient groups. In conclusion, metabolomics analysis showed separate metabolic profiles for HNC and pSS patients as compared to controls that could be useful in diagnostics and for elucidating the different pathophysiologies. The demonstrated dysregulation of pyrimidine nucleotides and levels of metabolites derived from amino acids in the patient groups should be studied further.
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13
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Oral and dental late effects in long-term survivors of childhood embryonal brain tumors. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:10233-10241. [PMID: 36307656 PMCID: PMC9715513 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate oral and dental late effects in survivors of childhood brain tumors medulloblastoma (MB) and central nervous system supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET). METHODS This cross-sectional study assessed oral and dental late effects in MB/CNS-PNET survivors treated before 20 years of age, and with a minimum of 2 years since treatment. Participants went through an oral and radiographic examination. We assessed oral status using the decayed-missing-filled index (DMFT), oral dryness, maximum mouth opening (MMO), fungal infection, and registration of dental developmental disturbances (DDD) in the form of hypodontia, microdontia, and enamel hypoplasia. RESULTS The 46 participants' mean age at enrolment was 27 ± 12.8 years and at treatment 8.5 ± 5.2 years, and the mean time since treatment was 18.9 ± 12 years. Over a third (35%) of survivors had reduced mouth opening (mean 29.3 ± 5.6 mm (range 16-35)). A significantly lower MMO was found in individuals treated ≤ 5 years compared to survivors treated > 5 years (p = 0.021). One or more DDD were registered in 30.4% of the survivors, with a significantly higher prevalence in individuals treated ≤ 5 years (p < 0.001). Hypodontia was the most prevalent type of DDD. There was no difference in DMFT score in relation to age at treatment. Oral dryness was not frequently reported or observed in these survivors. CONCLUSION Survivors of childhood MB/CNS-PNET are at risk of oral and dental late effects including reduced mouth opening and DDD. The risk is highest in survivors treated before the age of 5.
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Gugnacki P, Sierko E. Is There an Interplay between Oral Microbiome, Head and Neck Carcinoma and Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5902. [PMID: 34885015 PMCID: PMC8656742 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck carcinoma is one of the most common human malignancy types and it ranks as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Nowadays, a great potential of microbiome research is observed in oncology-investigating the effect of oral microbiome in oncogenesis, occurrence of treatment side effects and response to anticancer therapies. The microbiome is a unique collection of microorganisms and their genetic material, interactions and products residing within the mucous membranes. The aim of this paper is to summarize current research on the oral microbiome and its impact on the development of head and neck cancer and radiation-induced oral mucositis. Human microbiome might determine an oncogenic effect by, among other things, inducing chronic inflammatory response, instigating cellular antiapoptotic signals, modulation of anticancer immunity or influencing xenobiotic metabolism. Influence of oral microbiome on radiation-induced oral mucositis is expressed by the production of additional inflammatory cytokines and facilitates progression and aggravation of mucositis. Exacerbated acute radiation reaction and bacterial superinfections lead to the deterioration of the patient's condition and worsening of the quality of life. Simultaneously, positive effects of probiotics on the course of radiation-induced oral mucositis have been observed. Understanding the impact on the emerging acute radiation reaction on the composition of the microflora can be helpful in developing a multifactorial model to forecast the course of radiation-induced oral mucositis. Investigating these processes will allow us to create optimized and personalized preventive measures and treatment aimed at their formation mechanism. Further studies are needed to better establish the structure of the oral microbiome as well as the dynamics of its changes before and after therapy. It will help to expand the understanding of the biological function of commensal and pathogenic oral microbiota in HNC carcinogenesis and the development of radiation-induced oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-025 Bialystok, Poland;
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Chen X, Badian RA, Hynne H, Amdal CD, Herlofson BB, Utheim ØA, Westgaard KL, Fineide F, Jensen JL, Utheim TP. Alterations in meibomian glands in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22419. [PMID: 34789830 PMCID: PMC8599465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer may have increased incidence of dry eye disease and the exact mechanism is unclear. The present study aims to assess tear film and meibomian gland (MG) features in patients who received IMRT for head and neck cancer not involving the orbital area. Twenty-seven patients (64.7 ± 9.8 years) and 30 age-matched controls (61.4 ± 11.0 years) underwent a comprehensive dry eye work-up. Compared to the control group, the patients had more lid margin abnormalities, and worse meibum quality. The MG loss, calculated as (tarsal area-MG area)/tarsal area, was higher in the patient group in both the upper (53.0 ± 12.0% vs. 35.1 ± 10.3%, p < 0.001) and lower lids (69.5 ± 12.6% vs. 48.5 ± 12.5%, p < 0.001). In the patient group, more MG loss in the lower lids correlated with worse meibum quality (r = 0.445, p = 0.029). In contrast, there was no significant difference in aqueous tear production level, measured with Schirmer test. Patients treated with IMRT for head and neck cancer seemed to have comparable lacrimal gland function to the controls despite more dry eye symptoms. However, the patients had MG functional and morphological changes, which may present a higher risk for developing dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Reza A Badian
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Hynne
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bente Brokstad Herlofson
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øygunn Aass Utheim
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Løken Westgaard
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Fineide
- The Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 0455, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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