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Lan J, Ji S, Yang C, Cai G, Lu J, Li X. Extracellular Expression of Feruloyl Esterase and Xylanase in Escherichia coli for Ferulic Acid Production from Agricultural Residues. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1869. [PMID: 37630429 PMCID: PMC10456899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a large amount of ferulic acid (FA), an outstanding antioxidant, present in agricultural residues. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been regarded as the most effective way to release FA. This present study therefore selected feruloyl esterase (FAE) and xylanase (XYN) from the metagenomes of a cow rumen and a camel rumen, respectively, for their recombinant expression in Escherichia coli BL21 and further application in releasing FA. After screening the candidate signal peptides, the optimal one for each enzyme, which were selected as SP1 and SP4, respectively, was integrated into the vectors pET22b(+) and pETDuet-1. Among the generated E. coli strains SP1-F, SP4-X, and SP1-F-SP4-X that could express extracellular enzymes either separately or simultaneously, the latter one performed the best in relation to degrading the biomass and releasing FA. Under the optimized culture and induction conditions, the strain SP1-F-SP4-X released 90% of FA from 10% of de-starched wheat bran and produced 314.1 mg/L FA, which was deemed to be the highest obtained value to the best of our knowledge. This result could pave a way for the re-utilization of agricultural residues and enhancing their add-value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Shujie Ji
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuanjia Yang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Guolin Cai
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.L.); (S.J.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (J.L.)
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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Alexander LM, van Pijkeren JP. Modes of therapeutic delivery in synthetic microbiology. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:197-211. [PMID: 36220750 PMCID: PMC9877134 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For decades, bacteria have been exploited as vectors for vaccines and therapeutics. However, the bacterial arsenal used has historically been limited to a few strains. Advancements in immunology, combined with the development of genetic tools, have expanded our strategies and capabilities to engineer bacteria using various delivery strategies. Depending on the application, each delivery strategy requires specific considerations, optimization, and safety concerns. Here, we review various modes of therapeutic delivery used to target or vaccinate against a variety of ailments in preclinical models and in clinical trials. We highlight modes of bacteria-derived delivery best suited for different applications. Finally, we discuss current obstacles in bacteria-derived therapies and explore potential improvements of the various modes of therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Alexander
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan-Peter van Pijkeren
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Engineering Ag43 Signal Peptides with Bacterial Display and Selection. Methods Protoc 2022; 6:mps6010001. [PMID: 36648950 PMCID: PMC9844295 DOI: 10.3390/mps6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein display, secretion, and export in prokaryotes are essential for utilizing microbial systems as engineered living materials, medicines, biocatalysts, and protein factories. To select for improved signal peptides for Escherichia coli protein display, we utilized error-prone polymerase chain reaction (epPCR) coupled with single-cell sorting and microplate titer to generate, select, and detect improved Ag43 signal peptides. Through just three rounds of mutagenesis and selection using green fluorescence from the 56 kDa sfGFP-beta-lactamase, we isolated clones that modestly increased surface display from 1.4- to 3-fold as detected by the microplate plate-reader and native SDS-PAGE assays. To establish that the functional protein was displayed extracellularly, we trypsinized the bacterial cells to release the surface displayed proteins for analysis. This workflow demonstrated a fast and high-throughput method leveraging epPCR and single-cell sorting to augment bacterial surface display rapidly that could be applied to other bacterial proteins.
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Mechanistic Insight into Phenolic Compounds Toxicity and State-of-the-art Strategies for Enhancing the Tolerance of Escherichia coli to Phenolic Compounds. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chao S, Liu Y, Ding N, Lin Y, Wang Q, Tan J, Li W, Zheng Y, Hu X, Li J. Highly Expressed Soluble Recombinant Anti-GFP VHHs in Escherichia coli via Optimized Signal Peptides, Strains, and Inducers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:848829. [PMID: 35359590 PMCID: PMC8960375 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.848829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-binding variable domains of the H chain of heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs), also known as nanobodies (Nbs), are of great interest in imaging technique, disease prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. High-level expression of soluble Nbs is very important for its industrial production. In this study, we optimized the expression system of anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) VHHs with three different signal peptides (SPs), outer-membrane protein A (OmpA), pectate lyase B (PelB), and L-asparaginase II SP (L-AsPsII), in different Escherichia coli strains via isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction and auto-induction, respectively. The solubility of recombinant anti-GFP VHHs with PelB or OmpA was significantly enhanced to the same extent by IPTG induction and auto-induction in BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain and the maximum yield of target protein reached approximately 0.4 mg/l in a shake flask. The binding activity of recombinant anti-GFP VHHs was also confirmed to be retained by native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). These results suggest that SPs like OmpA and PelB could efficiently improve the recombinant anti-GFP VHH solubility without changing its bioactivity, providing a novel strategy to optimize the E. coli expression system of soluble VHHs, and lay the foundation for the industrial production of soluble recombinant anti-GFP VHHs and the research of other VHHs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangying Chao
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Junwen Tan
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zheng, ; Xuejun Hu, ; Junming Li,
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- DalianKey Laboratory of Oligosaccharide Recombination and Recombinant Protein Modification, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zheng, ; Xuejun Hu, ; Junming Li,
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Zheng, ; Xuejun Hu, ; Junming Li,
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