1
|
Zheng Z, Guo M. In Situ Synthesis of Rare-Earth Hybridized Functional Core-Shell Architectures from Microporous Salt Templates and Capacitance-Adsorption Correlation Mechanisms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310151. [PMID: 38174609 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Biochar Porous Carbon (BPC) has become a research hotspot in the fields of energy storage, conversion, catalysis, adsorption, and separation engineering. However, the key problem of pore structure liable to collapse has not yet been addressed effectively. Here, an innovative salt ionic coordination modulation technique is reported to synthesize a new core-shell structure of BPC (Dual-doped porous carbonaceous materials, RHPC3@LaYO3) by the asymmetric load of the f orbital ion, which prevents pore structural collapse. The result shows that the novel asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) with an excellent energy density (193.11 Wh·kg-1) and capacitance (267.14 F·g-1) by assembling the prepared porous BPC carrier and RHPC3@LaYO3, which surpass the typical supercapacitor. In order to elucidate the association between adsorption and capacitance, the adsorption coexistence equation (MACE) is constructed with the aim of providing a comprehensive explanation for the mechanism of single-multilayer adsorption. Furthermore, a specific linkage mechanism is discovered using adsorption/ desorption properties to validate the pros/cons of capacitive properties. These results demonstrate the potential of renewable biomass materials as ASCs, which can provide new ideas for the construction of an evaluation approach for the performance of future efficient multi-reaction energy storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zetao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uma B, Anantharaju KS, Surendra BS, Gurushantha K, More SS, Meena S, Hemavathi B, Murthy HCA. Influence of Ag on the Structural, Electrochemical, Antibacterial, and Photocatalytic Performance of the (CuO-Cu 2O)Cu Nanocomposite. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9947-9961. [PMID: 36969450 PMCID: PMC10035001 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The cost-effective novel Ag-doped (1-7%) (CuO-Cu2O)Cu (C3) heterostructured nanocomposites are successfully synthesized by the facile solution combustion process using the Leucas aspera extract as a green fuel. The structural properties of fabricated nanocomposites were well-characterized by specific spectral techniques for enhanced electrochemical sensor detection, antibacterial activities, and sunlight-driven photocatalytic dye decoloration studies. The existence of Ag+ ions has been confirmed by the appearance of two peaks of Ag 3d5/2 (367.9 eV) and Ag 3d3/2 (373.9 eV), with the chemical binding nature and exchange of the Ag+ state in the nanocomposite lattice as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The energy band gap value of the doped nanocomposite decreases from 2.2 to 1.8 eV, as measured by the UV-visible absorption spectral technique, hindering the recombination of electron-holes pairs by trapping e- and h+. This result supports that the C3Ag5 nanocomposite has a great potential as a sunlight photocatalyst toward the Alizarin Red (AR) dye, for which an excellent degradation activity of 98% at 180 min was achieved compared to that of the host nanocomposite (78% at 180 min). The variation of redox peak potentials of the prepared graphite nanocomposite working electrode is an effective tool for paracetamol sensing activity in 0.1 M KCl using electrochemical spectral studies. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the C3Ag5 nanocomposite against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were successfully studied. The C3Ag5 nanocomposite exhibited a better performance than C3. The increase in activity is attributed to the presence of Ag as a dopant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Uma
- Department
of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - Kurupalya Shivram Anantharaju
- Department
of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
- Dr.
D. Premachandra Sagar Centre for Advanced Materials (Affiliated to
Mangalore University), DSCE, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - B. S. Surendra
- Department
of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - K. Gurushantha
- Department
of Chemistry, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S. More
- School
of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda
Sagar University, Bangalore 560111, India
| | - S. Meena
- Department
of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - B. Hemavathi
- Department
of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560111, India
| | - H. C. Ananda Murthy
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box: 1888, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
- Department
of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha
Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The enhancement of specific capacitance of carbon derived from spent coffee grounds with SiO2 nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
4
|
Saravanan A, Kumar PS. Biochar derived carbonaceous material for various environmental applications: Systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113857. [PMID: 35835170 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the solid material produced from the carbonization of organic feedstock biomass. This material has several unique characteristics such as greater carbon content, good electrical conductivity, high stability and large surface area, which can be applied in several research areas such as generation of power and wastewater treatment. In connection with this, recently, the investigations on biochar significantly focus on the removal of toxic heavy metals since the biochar material is easily available and environmentally friendly. According to an environmental analytical device, biochar-derived carbonaceous material has been additionally applied to the synthesis of an effective, sensitive, and low-cost electrochemical sensor. Biochar with an assessment of electrochemical properties has engaged with different redox reactions in water. In this survey, electrochemical ways of behaving of biochar in light of the electrochemical structures were analytically compiled as well as the impact from biomass sources and manufacturing process including carbonization strategies, pre-treatment/changed techniques. This review emphasizes the various synthesis methods of biochar form organic feedstock, properties and different modulations of biochar for the bioremediation of heavy metals. This review study emphasizes the utilization of biochar as sensing platform and supercapacitor for electrode fabrication in electrochemical biosensor to enhance the remediation of toxic contaminants from water streams and by switching the less ecological traditional materials. Brief information on the techniques employed for packaging biochar as carbon electrode is summarized. Scope in the aspect of environmental concern of biochar, future challenges and prospects are proposed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai - 603110, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Review on Production and Surface Modifications of Biochar Materials via Biomass Pyrolysis Process for Supercapacitor Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BC) based materials are solid carbon enriched materials produced via different thermochemical techniques such as pyrolysis. However, the non-modified/non-activated BC-based materials obtained from the low-temperature pyrolysis of biomass cannot perform well in energy storage applications due to the mismatched physicochemical and electrical properties such as low surface area, poor pore features, and low density and conductivity. Therefore, to improve the surface features and structure of the BC and surface functionalities, surface modifications and activations are introduced to improve its properties to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance. The surface modifications use various activation methods to modify the surface properties of BC to achieve enhanced performance for supercapacitors in energy storage applications. This article provides a detailed review of surface modification methods and the application of modified BC to be used for the synthesis of electrodes for supercapacitors. The effect of those activation methods on physicochemical and electrical properties is critically presented. Finally, the research gap and future prospects are also elucidated.
Collapse
|
6
|
Longo L, Taghavi S, Ghedini E, Menegazzo F, Di Michele A, Cruciani G, Signoretto M. Selective Hydrogenation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 1-Hydroxy-2,5-hexanedione by Biochar-Supported Ru Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200437. [PMID: 35394696 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable and efficient catalysts -namely Ru supported on activated biochars- is carried out for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 1-hydroxy-2,5-hexanedione (HHD). Activated biochars obtained from pyrolysis and steam-based physical activation of two different biomasses from animal (leather tannery waste; ALw ) and vegetal (hazelnut shells; AHSw ) origins show completely different chemical, textural, and morphological properties. Compared to ALw , after impregnation with 0.5 wt % Ru, AHSw , with inner micro-mesochannels and cavities and higher layer stacking disorder, leads to better trapping and anchoring of Ru nanoparticles on the catalyst and a suitable Ru single crystal dispersion. This leads to a highly active Ru/AHSw catalyst in the proposed reaction, giving more than 80 % selectivity to HHD and full HMF conversion at 100 °C with 30 bar H2 for 3 h. Ru/AHSw also shows promising performance compared to a commercial Ru/C catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Longo
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Somayeh Taghavi
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Elena Ghedini
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Federica Menegazzo
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cruciani
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Signoretto
- CATMAT Lab, Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice and INSTM RUVe, via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nanocellulose and its derived composite electrodes toward supercapacitors: Fabrication, properties, and challenges. JOURNAL OF BIORESOURCES AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
8
|
Aqueel Ahmed AT, Ansari AS, Kim H, Im H. Ion‐exchange synthesis of microporous
Co
3
S
4
for enhanced electrochemical energy storage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2022; 46:5315-5329. [DOI: 10.1002/er.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Saad Ansari
- Department of Material Science and Engineering Incheon National University Incheon South Korea
| | - Hyungsang Kim
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Hyunsik Im
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
In vitro plant tissue culture as the fifth generation of bioenergy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5038. [PMID: 35322147 PMCID: PMC8943187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing and applying a novel and sustainable energy crop is essential to reach an efficient and economically feasible technology for bioenergy production. In this study, plant tissue culture, also referred to as in vitro culture, is introduced as one of the most promising and environmentally friendly methods for the sustainable supply of biofuels. The current study investigates the potential of in vitro -grown industrial hemp calli obtained from leaf, root, and stem explants as a new generation of energy crop. For this purpose, the in vitro grown explants were first fully characterized in terms of elemental and chemical composition. Secondly, HTL experiments were designed by Design Expert 11 with a particular focus on biocrude. Finally, the chemical components, functional groups, and petroleum-like hydrocarbons present in the biocrude were identified by PY-GCMS. A 22.61 wt.% biocrude was produced for the sample grown through callogenesis of the leaf (CL). The obtained biocrude for CL consisted of 19.55% acids, 0.42% N compounds, 15.44% ketones, 16.03% aldehydes, 2.21% furans, 20.01% aromatics, 5.2% alcohols, and 19.88% hydrocarbons. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report that in vitro -grown biomass is hydrothermally liquefied toward biocrude production; the current work paves the way for integrating plant tissue culture and thermochemical processes for the generation of biofuels and value-added chemicals.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun J, Norouzi O, Mašek O. A state-of-the-art review on algae pyrolysis for bioenergy and biochar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126258. [PMID: 34798254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Algae, as a feedstock with minimum land footprint, is considered a promising biomass for sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. Unlike lignocellulosic biomass, algae consist mainly of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. This review focusses on the bio-oil and biochar co-products of algae-pyrolysis and presents the current state-of-the-art in the pyrolysis technologies and key applications of algal biochar. Algal biochar holds potential to be a cost-effective fertilizer, as it has high P, N and other nutrient contents. Beyond soil applications, algae-derived biochar has many other applications, such as wastewater-treatment, due to its porous structure and strong ion-exchange capacity. High specific capacitance and stability also make algal biochar a potential supercapacitor material. Furthermore, algal biochar can be great catalysts (or catalyst supports). This review sheds light on a wide range of algae-pyrolysis related topics, including advanced-pyrolysis techniques and the potential biochar applications in soil amendment, energy storage, catalysts, chemical industries, and wastewater-treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Sun
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Omid Norouzi
- Mechanical Engineering Program, School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hydrothermal liquefaction of green macroalgae Cladophora glomerata: Effect of functional groups on the catalytic performance of graphene oxide/polyurethane composite. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
12
|
Rawat S, Mishra RK, Bhaskar T. Biomass derived functional carbon materials for supercapacitor applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131961. [PMID: 34426294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar produced from the thermochemical conversion of biomass, provides a green and sustainable platform for the preparation of various functional carbon materials (porous carbon, heteroatom doped biochar, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon quantum dots, etc.) towards advanced application. Their preparation involves the physical as well as chemical activation of biochar or directly from the biomass. The inherent versatile physicochemical properties of these versatile materials have been explored for the construction of the electrochemical energy storage devices like supercapacitors. In the present review, the various methodologies for the preparation of various biomass-derived carbon materials are summarized. Further utilization of these materials in supercapacitor electrodes and the properties associated with their charge storage ability, along with associated challenges and perspectives are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rawat
- Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand (NITUK), Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Thermo-catalytic Process Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Haridwar Road, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Selective recovery of platinum from spent autocatalyst solution by thiourea modified magnetic biocarbons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19281. [PMID: 34588491 PMCID: PMC8481563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The precious platinum group metals distributed in urban industrial products should be recycled because of their rapid decline in the contents through excessive mining. In this work, thiourea modified magnetic biocarbons are prepared via an energy-efficient microwave-assisted activation and assessed as potential adsorbents to recover platinum ions (i.e., Pt(IV)) from dilute waste solution. The physicochemical properties of prepared biocarbons are characterized by a series of spectroscopic and analytic instruments. The adsorption performance of biocarbons is carried out by using batch tests. Consequently, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pt(IV) observed for adsorbents is ca. 42.8 mg g-1 at pH = 2 and 328 K. Both adsorption kinetics and isotherm data of Pt(IV) on the adsorbents are fitted better with non-linear pseudo second-order model and Freundlich isotherm, respectively. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters suggest that the Pt(IV) adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Most importantly, the adsorbents exhibit high selectivity toward Pt(IV) adsorption and preserve ca. 96.9% of adsorption capacity after six cyclic runs. After adsorption, the regeneration of the prepared adsorbents can be effectively attained by using 1 M thiourea/2% HCl mixed solution as an eluent. Combined the data from Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, the mechanisms for Pt(IV) adsorption are governed by Pt-S bond between Pt(IV) and thiourea as well as the electrostatic attraction between anionic PtCl62- and cationic functional groups of adsorbents. The superior Pt(IV) recovery and sustainable features allow the thiourea modified magnetic biocarbon as a potential adsorbent to recycle noble metals from spent autocatalyst solution.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Recently, due to the escalating usage of non-renewable fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and petroleum coke in electricity and power generation, and associated issues with pollution and global warming, more attention is being paid to finding alternative renewable fuel sources. Thermochemical and hydrothermal conversion processes have been used to produce biochar and hydrochar, respectively, from waste renewable biomass. Char produced from the thermochemical and hydrothermal decomposition of biomass is considered an environmentally friendly replacement for solid hydrocarbon materials such as coal and petroleum coke. Unlike thermochemically derived biochar, hydrochar has received little attention due to the lack of literature on its production technologies, physicochemical characterization, and applications. This review paper aims to fulfill these objectives and fill the knowledge gaps in the literature relating to hydrochar. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent studies on hydrochar characteristics, reaction mechanisms for char production technology such as hydrothermal carbonization, as well as hydrochar activation and functionalization. In addition, the applications of hydrochar, mainly in the fields of agriculture, pollutant adsorption, catalyst support, bioenergy, carbon sequestration, and electrochemistry are reviewed. With advancements in hydrothermal technologies and other environmentally friendly conversion technologies, hydrochar appears to be an appealing bioresource for a wide variety of energy, environmental, industrial, and commercial applications.
Collapse
|
15
|
MacDermid-Watts K, Adewakun E, Norouzi O, Abhi TD, Pradhan R, Dutta A. Effects of FeCl 3 Catalytic Hydrothermal Carbonization on Chemical Activation of Corn Wet Distillers' Fiber. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14875-14886. [PMID: 34151069 PMCID: PMC8209796 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Corn wet distillers' fiber (corn fiber) is a byproduct of the corn-ethanol production process, with high potential as a precursor for activated carbon due to its moderate nitrogen content and availability. However, there has been limited investigation into activated carbons from the corn fiber. In this work, we produce activated carbons from the corn fiber using three procedures, including direct KOH activation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by KOH activation, and FeCl3-catalyzed HTC followed by KOH activation. Catalytic HTC with FeCl3 was found to slightly increase the degree of carbonization relative to uncatalyzed HTC while also removing the nitrogen content at increasing concentrations and slightly increasing the porosity. The resulting activated carbon samples are then characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen analysis. The two-step process resulted in activated carbon with substantially higher surface areas than the one-step process (1220 vs 789 m2/g), as well as much higher thermal stability and nitrogen content (up to 1.20%). The results show that the corn fiber has potential for activated carbon production, with the two-step HTC followed by the activation process producing more favorable material properties than direct activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eniola Adewakun
- School of Engineering, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Omid Norouzi
- School of Engineering, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Trishan Deb Abhi
- School of Engineering, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ranjan Pradhan
- School of Engineering, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Animesh Dutta
- School of Engineering, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|