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Schaafsma E, Croteau W, Mohamed E, Nowak EC, Smits NC, Deng J, Sarde A, Webber CA, Rabadi D, Cheng C, Noelle R, Lines JL. VISTA Targeting of T-cell Quiescence and Myeloid Suppression Overcomes Adaptive Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:38-55. [PMID: 36260656 PMCID: PMC10544831 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a premier target for cancer treatment due to its broad expression in many cancer types and enhanced expression upon development of adaptive immune checkpoint resistance. In the CT26 colorectal cancer model, monotherapy of small tumors with anti-VISTA resulted in slowed tumor growth. In a combination therapy setting, large CT26 tumors showed complete adaptive resistance to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4, but inclusion of anti-VISTA led to rejection of half the tumors. Mechanisms of enhanced antitumor immunity were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiplex image analysis, and flow cytometry of the tumor immune infiltrate. In both treatment models, anti-VISTA upregulated stimulated antigen presentation pathways and reduced myeloid-mediated suppression. Imaging revealed an anti-VISTA stimulated increase in contacts between T cells and myeloid cells, further supporting the notion of increased antigen presentation. scRNA-seq of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells revealed that anti-VISTA therapy induced T-cell pathways highly distinct from and complementary to those induced by anti-PD-1 therapy. Whereas anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 expanded progenitor exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets, anti-VISTA promoted costimulatory genes and reduced regulators of T-cell quiescence. Notably, this is the first report of a checkpoint regulator impacting CD8+ T-cell quiescence, and the first indication that quiescence may be a target in the context of T-cell exhaustion and in cancer. This study builds a foundation for all future studies on the role of anti-VISTA in the development of antitumor immunity and provides important mechanistic insights that strongly support use of anti-VISTA to overcome the adaptive resistance seen in contemporary treatments involving PD-1 and/or CTLA-4. See related Spotlight by Wei, p. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - ElTanbouly Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole C. Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- University of California, Los Angeles. Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Aurelien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Dina Rabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Yuan J, Li J, Gao C, Jiang C, Xiang Z, Wu J. Immunotherapies catering to the unmet medical need of cold colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022190. [PMID: 36275766 PMCID: PMC9579278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor of gastrointestinal tract, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has gradually increased in recent years. In western developed countries, it has even become the second largest malignant tumor next to lung cancer. Immunotherapy is a hot topic in the field of cancer therapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapy (ACT), cancer vaccines and cytokines, aiming to improve the ability of the immune system to recognize, target and eliminate cancer cells. However, cold CRC, which accounts for a high proportion of CRC, is not so reactive to it. The development of immunotherapy to prevent cancer cells from forming “immune escape” pathways to the immune system in cold CRC, has been under increasing study attention. There is proof that an organic combination of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and several immunotherapies can considerably boost the immune system’s capacity to eradicate tumor cells. In this review, we summarized the role of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. In addition, we propose a breakthrough and strategy to improve the role of immunotherapy in cold CRC based on its characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu, ; Ze Xiang,
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wu, ; Ze Xiang,
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