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Son HM, Duc HM. Prevalence and Phage-Based Biocontrol of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Raw Milk of Cows with Subclinical Mastitis in Vietnam. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 39061320 PMCID: PMC11273874 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
S. aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus, has been recognized as a main cause of bovine mastitis and food poisoning. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and phage-based biocontrol of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. The results showed that the prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 12% (48/400) and 1.5% (6/400), respectively. The S. aureus isolates were highly resistant to penicillin (72.92%), erythromycin (43.75%), and tetracycline (39.58%). Out of 48 S. aureus isolates, 6 were identified as methicillin-resistant strains. Among them, one isolate was found to harbor the sea gene. A total of 5 phages were recovered from 50 pork and 50 chicken meat samples, 1 from pork and 4 from chicken meat samples. Phage PSA2 capable of lysing all 6 methicillin-resistant isolates was selected for characterization. The use of phage PSA2 completely inactivated methicillin-resistant S. aureus SA33 in raw milk at both 24 °C and 4 °C, indicating its potential as a promising antibacterial agent in controlling methicillin-resistant S. aureus in raw milk and treating bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam;
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Research Excellence and Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Research Excellence and Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
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2
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Akkou M, Titouche Y, Bentayeb L, Bes M, Laurent F, Ramdani-Bouguessa N. Risk factors for dairy cows mastitis in Algeria, antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of the causative Staphylococcus aureus. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2. [PMID: 38963470 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Adoption of a rational management in dairy farms would improve the milk quality and farmers' income. In the current study, we aimed to describe bovine mastitis in 32 dairy herds, identify the main cow- and herd-associated risk factors, and analyze both epidemiological along with molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infecting udders. Based on Californian Mastitis Test and clinical examination, the prevalence of mastitis in cows was 52.25% (116/222), of which 6.3% was clinical mastitis and 45.94% was subclinical mastitis. Overall, 218 (24.54%) quarters suffered from mastitis, whose 29.81% (65/218) infected with S. aureus. Mastitis was lowest in mid-lactation with OR = 0.371 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.141-0.976, and in cows separated from their calves (OR = 0.164, 95% CI 0.056-0.477) than suckler cows. Similar results were obtained from S. aureus related mastitis. To assess the genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates, we determined clonal complexes (CC) using DNA microarray hybridization profiles and performed spa typing. The strains were assigned to nine clonal complexes, and 19 spa types; with CC97 (44.77%), and CC22 (40.29%) were the most predominant lineages and t223 (40.29%), t7136 (10.44%), t359 (8.95%) and t267 (5.97%) were the most common spa types. A total of 88.05% (n = 59) isolates were resistant to at least one tested antibiotic while only 4.47% were multi-drug resistant strains. Higher rates of resistance were observed for penicillin (86.5%) and tetracycline (14.9%) respectively. Our results show the need for adoption of feasible mastitis program with special emphasis on sub-clinical mastitis and associated risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria.
- Labotaory of Biology and Experimental Pharmacology, Yahia Farès University, Médéa, Algeria.
| | - Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Lamia Bentayeb
- Agro-food Department, Faculty of Natural and Life Science, University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Michèle Bes
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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3
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Coatrini-Soares A, Soares JC, Popolin-Neto M, de Mello SS, Sanches EA, Paulovich FV, Oliveira ON, Mattoso LHC. Multidimensional calibration spaces in Staphylococcus Aureus detection using chitosan-based genosensors and electronic tongue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132460. [PMID: 38772468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis diagnosis can be made by detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which requires high sensitivity and selectivity. Here, we report on microfluidic genosensors and electronic tongues to detect S. aureus DNA using impedance spectroscopy with data analysis employing visual analytics and machine learning techniques. The genosensors were made with layer-by-layer films containing either 10 bilayers of chitosan/chondroitin sulfate or 8 bilayers of chitosan/sericin functionalized with an active layer of cpDNA S. aureus. The specific interactions leading to hybridization in these genosensors allowed for a low limit of detection of 5.90 × 10-19 mol/L. The electronic tongue had four sensing units made with 6-bilayer chitosan/chondroitin sulfate films, 10-bilayer chitosan/chondroitin sulfate, 8-bilayer chitosan/sericin, and 8-bilayer chitosan/gold nanoparticles modified with sericin. Despite the absence of specific interactions, various concentrations of DNA S. aureus could be distinguished when the impedance data were plotted using a dimensionality reduction technique. Selectivity of S. aureus DNA was confirmed using multidimensional calibration spaces, based on machine learning, with accuracy up to 89 % for the genosensors and 66 % for the electronic tongue. Hence, with these computational methods one may opt for the more expensive genosensors or the simpler and cheaper electronic tongue, depending on the sensitivity level required to diagnose mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Coatrini-Soares
- Embrapa Instrumentação, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Coatrini Soares
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Mario Popolin-Neto
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences (ICMC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil; Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), 14804-296 Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando V Paulovich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil.
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Haq IU, Kamal M, Swelum AA, Khan S, Ríos-Escalante PRDL, Usman T. Alarming multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis: Antibiotic resistance patterns and occurrence of selected resistance genes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301200. [PMID: 38753608 PMCID: PMC11098306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a widespread and costly disease that affects dairy farming globally, characterized by mammary gland inflammation. Bovine intramammary gland infection has been associated with more than 135 different pathogens of which Staphylococcus aureus is the main etiology of sub-clinical mastitis (SCM). The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, tetK, aacA-aphD and blaZ) in S. aureus isolated from the raw milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. A total of 543 milk samples were collected from lactating cows such as Holstein Friesian (n = 79), Sahiwal (n = 175), Cholistani (n = 107), and Red Sindhi (n = 182) from different dairy farms in Pakistan. From the milk samples microscopic slides were prepared and the somatic cell count was assessed to find SCM. To isolate and identify S. aureus, milk was streaked on mannitol salt agar (MSA) plates. Further confirmation was done based on biochemical assays, including gram staining (+ coccus), catalase test (+), and coagulase test (+). All the biochemically confirmed S. aureus isolates were molecularly identified using the thermonuclease (nuc) gene. The antibiotic resistance pattern of all the S. aureus isolates was evaluated through the disc diffusion method. Out of 543 milk samples, 310 (57.09%) were positive for SCM. Among the SCM-positive samples, S. aureus was detected in 30.32% (94/310) samples. Out of 94 isolates, 47 (50%) were determined to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Among these MDR isolates, 11 exhibited resistance to Cefoxitin, and hence were classified as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The S. aureus isolates showed the highest resistance to Lincomycin (84.04%) followed by Ampicillin (45.74%), while the least resistance was shown to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (3.19%) and Gentamycin (6.38%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that 55.31% of the isolates carried blaZ gene, 46.80% carried tetK gene, 17.02% harbored the mecA gene, whereas, aacA-aphD gene was found in 13.82% samples. Our findings revealed a significant level of contamination of milk with S. aureus and half (50%) of the isolates were MDR. The isolated S. aureus harbored various antibiotic resistance genes responsible for the absorbed phenotypic resistance. The alarmingly high prevalence of MDR S. aureus isolates and MRSA strains in these cases possess a serious risk to public health, emphasizes the urgent need to address this issue to protect both human and animal health in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Ul Haq
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shehryar Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Patricio R. De los Ríos-Escalante
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales UC Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Aslam J, Ali HM, Hussain S, Ahmad MZ, Siddique AB, Shahid M, Shahzad MI, Fatima H, Tariq S, Sadiq F, Aslam M, Farooq U, Zia S, Aljaluod RS, Alarjani KM. Effectiveness of cephalosporins in hydrolysis and inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:e47. [PMID: 38834515 PMCID: PMC11156599 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli contribute to global health challenges by forming biofilms, a key virulence element implicated in the pathogenesis of several infections. OBJECTIVE The study examined the efficacy of various generations of cephalosporins against biofilms developed by pathogenic S. aureus and E. coli. METHODS The development of biofilms by both bacteria was assessed using petri-plate and microplate methods. Biofilm hydrolysis and inhibition were tested using first to fourth generations of cephalosporins, and the effects were analyzed by crystal violet staining and phase contrast microscopy. RESULTS Both bacterial strains exhibited well-developed biofilms in petri-plate and microplate assays. Cefradine (first generation) showed 76.78% hydrolysis of S. aureus biofilm, while significant hydrolysis (59.86%) of E. coli biofilm was observed by cefipime (fourth generation). Similarly, cefuroxime, cefadroxil, cefepime, and cefradine caused 78.8%, 71.63%, 70.63%, and 70.51% inhibition of the S. aureus biofilms, respectively. In the case of E. coli, maximum biofilm inhibition (66.47%) was again shown by cefepime. All generations of cephalosporins were more effective against S. aureus than E. coli, which was confirmed by phase contrast microscopy. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cephalosporins exhibit dual capabilities of hydrolyzing and inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. First-generation cephalosporins exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against S. aureus, while the third and fourth generations significantly inhibited E. coli biofilms. This study highlights the importance of tailored antibiotic strategies based on the biofilm characteristics of specific bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Aslam
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Shujaat Hussain
- PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | | | - Abu Baker Siddique
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Mirza Imran Shahzad
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Sadiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maria Aslam
- Department of Computer Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rawa Saad Aljaluod
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Khasapane NG, Nkhebenyane J, Mnisi Z, Kwenda S, Thekisoe O. Comprehensive whole genome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1376620. [PMID: 38650877 PMCID: PMC11033518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1376620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus species are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cows across the world. Staphylococcus aureus has recently become a pathogen that is zoonotic and multidrug resistant. This study aimed to sequence whole genomes of 38 S. aureus isolates from 55 subclinical mastitis dairy cows of 7 small-scale farmers in the Free State Province, South Africa and document and their antimicrobial and virulence genes. The 38 isolates were grouped by the in silico multi-locus sequencing types (MLST) into seven sequence types (STs), that is (ST 97, 352, 152, 243) and three new STs (ST8495, ST8500, and ST8501). Thirty-three S. aureus isolates were divided into 7 core single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) clusters. Among the 9 distinct spa-types that were detected, Spa-types t2883 accounted for the majority of isolates at 12 (31.57%), followed by t416 with 11 (28.94%) and t2844 with 5 (13.15%). The data also revealed the identification of four (4) plasmids, with Rep_N (rep20) accounting for the majority of isolates with 17 (44.73%), followed by Inc18 (repUS5) with 2 (5.26%). These isolates included 11 distinct antimicrobial resistance genes and 23 genes linked to bacterial virulence. Surprisingly, no methicillin resistance associated genes were detected in these isolates. Genome data of the current study will contribute to understanding epidemiology S. aureus genotypes and ultimately aid in developing treatment and control plans to stop the spread of mastitis in the Free State province and South Africa as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntelekwane George Khasapane
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jane Nkhebenyane
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Applied Food Safety and Biotechnology, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Zamantungwa Mnisi
- Clinvet International, Study Operations, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stanford Kwenda
- Sequencing Core Facility, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Nesaraj J, Grinberg A, Laven R, Biggs P. Genomic epidemiology of bovine mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus in New Zealand. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109750. [PMID: 37099864 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the genomes of 188 bovine-mastitis-causing S. aureus isolates obtained over a 17-year period from more than 65 dairy farms across New Zealand. The analysis revealed a unique pattern of dominance over the entire period of study, of clonal complex 1, sequence type 1 (CC1/ST1), which accounted for ∼75% of the isolates. CC1/ST1 was also the commonest lineage infecting humans in New Zealand in the same period, but most bovine CC1/ST1 analysed in this study carried the genes coding for the bovine-adaptive bicomponent leucocidin lukF and lukM and lacked the corresponding human-adaptive lukF-PV and lukS-PV genes. Typical ruminant-associated lineages, such as ST97, ST151 and CC133 were also observed. Cluster analyses of the core and accessory genomes revealed genomic segregations according to the CCs, but lack of segregation based on the geographical location or collection year, suggesting a stable population in space and time. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of genomic markers of host adaptation to cattle in S. aureus CC1/ST1, a lineage commonly associated with humans, worldwide. The temporal clonal stability observed would enable the development of a S. aureus vaccine for New Zealand cattle, which is unlikely to undergo substantial reduction of efficacy due to clonal drifts or shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabin Nesaraj
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Alex Grinberg
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
| | - Richard Laven
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Biggs
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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Al-Trad EI, Chew CH, Che Hamzah AM, Suhaili Z, Rahman NIA, Ismail S, Puah SM, Chua KH, Kwong SM, Yeo CC. The Plasmidomic Landscape of Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Malaysia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040733. [PMID: 37107095 PMCID: PMC10135026 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a priority nosocomial pathogen with plasmids playing a crucial role in its genetic adaptability, particularly in the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the genome sequences of 79 MSRA clinical isolates from Terengganu, Malaysia, (obtained between 2016 and 2020) along with an additional 15 Malaysian MRSA genomes from GenBank were analyzed for their plasmid content. The majority (90%, 85/94) of the Malaysian MRSA isolates harbored 1-4 plasmids each. In total, 189 plasmid sequences were identified ranging in size from 2.3 kb to ca. 58 kb, spanning all seven distinctive plasmid replication initiator (replicase) types. Resistance genes (either to antimicrobials, heavy metals, and/or biocides) were found in 74% (140/189) of these plasmids. Small plasmids (<5 kb) were predominant (63.5%, 120/189) with a RepL replicase plasmid harboring the ermC gene that confers resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B (MLSB) identified in 63 MRSA isolates. A low carriage of conjugative plasmids was observed (n = 2), but the majority (64.5%, 122/189) of the non-conjugative plasmids have mobilizable potential. The results obtained enabled us to gain a rare view of the plasmidomic landscape of Malaysian MRSA isolates and reinforces their importance in the evolution of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra'a I Al-Trad
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hoong Chew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Malaysia
| | | | - Zarizal Suhaili
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut 22200, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Salwani Ismail
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Stephen M Kwong
- Infectious Diseases & Microbiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown 2560, Australia
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
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9
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Comparison between Some Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods for Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Trend of Bovine Mastitis Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Bulgaria. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080401. [PMID: 36006316 PMCID: PMC9416698 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the study was to assess the resistance of bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus isolates to antimicrobials by comparison of laboratory methods and statistical analysis. For this, 546 mastitis milk samples at 14 farms from 9 districts in Bulgaria were examined. A total of 92 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated and identified. The results showed high resistance to sulfadimethoxine (87%), followed by resistance to penicillin (33.7%), erythromycin (13%), streptomycin (8.7%), tetracycline (6.5%) and gentamicin (1.1%). The comparison of the methods demonstrated more than 90% agreement for 9 tested antimicrobial drugs, hence proving reliability of results from monitoring of resistance. Considering the detected discrepancies for some of isolates, an integral evaluation through standard and modern molecular methods for Staphylococcus aureus is recommended. The results from this study add to the microbiology laboratory experience and strategies for mastitis prevention and control programmes. Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of bovine mastitis S. aureus isolates from farms in Bulgaria to different classes of chemotherapeutic drugs by comparison of some phenotypic and genotypic methods by means of Cohen’s kappa statistics. The study comprised 546 milk samples from subclinical and clinical mastitis at 14 farms from 9 districts in the country. A total of 92 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from tested samples and identified by nuc PCR. The results demonstrated high levels of resistance to sulfadimethoxine (87%), followed by resistance to penicillin (33.7%), erythromycin (13%), streptomycin (8.7%), tetracycline (6.5%) and gentamicin (1.1%). The comparison of both phenotypic tests with respect to 9 antimicrobials revealed strong agreement with kappa coefficient 0.836. An almost complete agreement was evidenced between phenotypic resistance to penicillin and blaZ gene presence, to methicillin with mecA gene, to tetracycline with tet genes, but the agreement between erythromycin resistance and erm genes presence was moderate. This study was the first to demonstrate discrepancy between the behaviour to cefoxitin in the disk diffusion test and oxacillin in the MIC test for an isolate shown to carry the mecA gene in the subsequent genetic analysis. Considering the detected discrepancies for some of isolates, an integral evaluation through phenotypic and molecular methods for monitoring of antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus is recommended.
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Freu G, Tomazi T, Filho AFS, Heinemann MB, dos Santos MV. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds from Southeastern Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040424. [PMID: 35453176 PMCID: PMC9024692 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a contagious pathogen frequently associated with bovine mastitis in Brazil. Molecular characterization of Staph. aureus isolated from affected mammary quarters of cows with clinical mastitis (CM) can provide data on epidemiological behavior of this pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) assessment at the genotypic level. This study genotypically characterized Staph. aureus isolates recovered from cows with CM and determined the association of genotypes and AMS. A total of 84 Staph. aureus strains identified from affected mammary quarters of cows with CM in 13 dairy herds from Southeastern Brazil were submitted for susceptibility testing to 10 antimicrobials using the technique of minimal inhibitory concentration. The same isolates were also genotyped using the spa-typing methodology. Results showed a high genotypic similarity between the Staph. aureus isolates within and between herds, which were categorized as resistant to most antimicrobials, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, differences in AMS were observed among genotypic clusters, which may affect the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat CM in different dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Freu
- Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Tiago Tomazi
- Technical Services, Merck Animal Health, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Antonio F. S. Filho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (A.F.S.F.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Marcos B. Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (A.F.S.F.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Marcos V. dos Santos
- Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3545-4240
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