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Skrzecz I, Sierpińska A, Tumialis D. Entomopathogens in the integrated management of forest insects: from science to practice. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2503-2514. [PMID: 37983918 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The most important aim of the integrated management of forest insect pests remains the prevention of insect outbreaks, which are a consequence of the interaction of many factors in forest ecosystems, including species composition, age and health of the forest, soil type, the presence of natural enemies, and climatic factors. Integrated pest management until now has been achieved using measures aimed at shaping the functioning of stands in a changing environment. The aim of this review is to summarize research on the use of entomopathogens (microorganisms and nematodes) in the management of forest insect pests and to identify the principal knowledge gaps. We briefly describe the main research directions on the use of pathogens and nematodes to control insect pests and discuss limitations affecting their implementation. Research on entomopathogens for the biocontrol of forest insects has provided a wealth of knowledge that can be used effectively to reduce insect populations. Despite this, few entomopathogens are currently used in integrated pest management in forestry. They are applied in inoculation or inundation biocontrol strategies. While the use of entomopathogens in forest pest management shows great promise, practical implementation remains a distant goal. Consequently, sustainable reduction of forest pests, mainly native species, will be largely based on conservation biological control, which aims to modify the environment to favor the activity of natural enemies that regulate pest populations. This type of biocontrol can be supported by a range of silvicultural measures to increase the resilience of stands to insect infestations. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Skrzecz
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Alicja Sierpińska
- Department of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Tumialis
- Department of Animal Environment Biology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Mesquita E, Hu S, Lima TB, Golo PS, Bidochka MJ. Utilization of Metarhizium as an insect biocontrol agent and a plant bioinoculant with special reference to Brazil. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1276287. [PMID: 38186633 PMCID: PMC10768067 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1276287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Brazil has a long history of using biological control and has the largest program in sugarcane agriculture to which a biocontrol program has been applied. This achievement is at least partly due to the utilization of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium. This well-known fungal genus exhibits pathogenicity against a broad range of arthropod hosts and has been used globally as a biocontrol agent. This fungus is also a root symbiont, and in this capacity, it is a plant growth promoter. However, this feature (i.e., as a plant symbiont) has yet to be fully explored and implemented in Brazil, although the number of reports demonstrating Metarhizium's utility as a plant bioinoculant is increasing. The Brazilian bioproduct industry targets agricultural pests, and is limited to two Metarhizium species represented by four fungal isolates as active ingredients. Entomopathogenic fungi have also been successful in controlling arthropods of public health concern, as shown in their control of mosquitoes, which are vectors of diseases. The isolation of new indigenous Metarhizium isolates from a variety of substrates such as soil, insects, and plants shows the wide genetic diversity within this fungal genus. In this review, we emphasize the significance of Metarhizium spp. for the biological control of insects in Brazil. We also suggest that the experience and success of biological control with fungi in Brazil is an important resource for developing integrated pest management and sustainable strategies for pest control worldwide. Moreover, the future implementation prospects of species of Metarhizium being used as bioinoculants and possible new advances in the utility of this fungus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mesquita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tais B. Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Silva Golo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu X, Ju Z, Shi H, Mendoza-Mendoza A, Zhou W. Dual role of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi: induce plant growth and control tomato leafminer Phthorimaea absoluta. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4557-4568. [PMID: 37431839 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are multifunctional microorganisms acting not only as biopesticides against insect pests but also as endophytes which regulate plant growth. The tomato leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta (Tuta absoluta) is a devastating invasive pest of tomatoes worldwide. However, effective alternatives are needed for a sustainable management of this invasive pest. In this study, the functional effects of five EPF isolates Metarhizium flavoviride, M. anisopliae, M. rileyi, Cordyceps fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated on tomato growth promotion and pest protection against P. absoluta. RESULTS When directly sprayed with conidia, P. absoluta larvae showed high cumulative mortality of 100% to M. anisopliae under 1 × 108 conidia/mL, whereas M. flavoviride, B. bassiana, C. fumosorosea and M. rileyi caused cumulative mortality of 92.65%, 92.62%, 92.16% and 68.95%, respectively. Moreover, all five EPF isolates can successfully colonize tomato plants, whilst the colonization rate for each EPF depends on the inoculation method used. The most efficient inoculation method for M. flavoviride and M. rileyi was root dipping, for M. anisopliae and C. fumosorosea it was coating seed, and for B. bassiana it was foliage spraying. The highest plant colonization was obtained by M. flavoviride. Meanwhile, all these isolates promoted tomato plant growth upon inoculation. Furthermore, endophytic colonization of plants by the five EPF negatively affected the performance of P. absoluta, among them M. anisopliae and C. fumosorosea showed strong negative effects on the performance of P. absoluta. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the potential of incorporating entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes in integrated pest management practices to protect tomatoes against P. absoluta. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Zheng
- Resource and Utilisation Research Center of Medicinal Cordyceps, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Resource and Utilisation Research Center of Medicinal Cordyceps, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests & Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Resource and Utilisation Research Center of Medicinal Cordyceps, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhigang Ju
- Resource and Utilisation Research Center of Medicinal Cordyceps, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongxi Shi
- Resource and Utilisation Research Center of Medicinal Cordyceps, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Artemio Mendoza-Mendoza
- Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Department, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests & Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Xing P, Diao H, Wang D, Zhou W, Tian J, Ma R. Identification, Pathogenicity, and Culture Conditions of a New Isolate of Cordyceps javanica (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) From Soil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:98-107. [PMID: 36534984 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study decribes a highly effective insecticidal isolate of Cordyceps javanica (Frieder. & Bally) (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) named IJ-tg19, which was isolated from soil. Spray bioassays were performed with IJ-tg19 on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) adults, third-instar nymphs of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and third-instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate. The corrected mortality rates for all three pests were 100% when the conidia concentration was 1 × 106 conidia/ml, the lowest concentration in this study, and the median survival times (MST) were 4, 4, and 3 d. The MST shortens with increasing conidia concentration. The effects of laboratory culture conditions on the sporulation and growth of the isolate were also studied. This isolate had the greatest conidia production and fastest growth rate on malt extract agar medium at 25°C. The amount of conidia produced had positive correlation to light duration, with the highest production at 24 hr light. The growth of mycelium can adapt to a moderately alkaline environment, but the optimum conidial production occurred at the pH of 7. Our finding and research will be useful in biocontrol programs that are considering using the new isolate of C. javanica against greenhouse pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Xing
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Hongliang Diao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Life Sciences, Lvliang University, Lvliang, 033001, China
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
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Domingues MM, Santos PLD, Gêa BCC, Carvalho VRD, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE, Zanetti R, Wilcken CF. Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi from soils of eucalyptus and soybean crops and natural forest areas. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 82:e263240. [PMID: 36629539 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Soils present high fungal diversity, including entomopathogenic species. These fungi are used in pest control, providing easy production, multiplication, application, and dispersion in the field. The objective of the present study was to evaluate entomopathogenic fungal diversity in soils from eucalyptus and soybean crops and natural forest areas. These fungi were isolated using the "Bait Method" with Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae from 10 soil samples per area, collected at 10 cm deep in a zig-zag pattern. The isolated entomopathogenic fungi were cultivated in Petri dishes using PDA medium and their mycelia separated after seven days of incubation in a BOD-type chamber. Species of Aspergillus, Beauveria, Cordyceps, Fusarium, Metarhizium, Penicillium and Purpureocillium were identified. The "Bait Method" with T. molitor larvae is efficient to isolate entomopathogenic fungi with higher diversity from soils of the natural forest than the cultivated area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Leite Dos Santos
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Ronald Zanetti
- Universidade Federal de Lavras - UFLA, Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Florestal, Lavras, MG, Brasil
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Velozo SGM, Velozo MR, Domingues MM, Becchi LK, Carvalho VRD, Passos JRDS, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE, Stephan D, Wilcken CF. From the dual cyclone harvest performance of single conidium powder to the effect of Metarhizium anisopliae on the management of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283543. [PMID: 36972276 PMCID: PMC10042367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect pests introduced in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil are mostly of Australian origin, but native microorganisms have potential for their management. High quality biopesticide production based on entomopathogenic fungi depends on adequate technologies. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mycoharvester® equipment to harvest and separating particles to obtain pure Metarhizium anisopliae conidia to manage Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé, 2006 (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae). The Mycoharvester® version 5b harvested and separated M. anisopliae spores. The pure conidia were suspended in Tween 80® (0.1%) and calibrated to the concentrations of 1 x 106, 107, 108 and 109 conidia/ml to evaluate the pathogenicity, lethal concentration 50 and 90 (LC50, LC90) and lethal time 50 and 90 (LT50, LT90) of this fungus to T. peregrinus. This equipment harvested 85% of the conidia from rice, with production of 4.8 ± 0.38 x 109 conidia/g dry mass of substrate + fungus. The water content of 6.36% of the single spore powder (pure conidia) separated by the Mycoharvester® was lower than that of the agglomerated product. The product harvested at the concentrations of 108 and 109 conidia/ml caused high mortality to T. peregrinus third instar nymphs and adults. The separation of conidia produced by solid-state fermentation with the Mycoharvester® is an important step toward optimizing the fungal production system of pure conidia, and to formulate biopesticides for insect pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Graziele Moio Velozo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Maurício Magalhães Domingues
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luciane Katarine Becchi
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Rafaela de Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Raimundo de Souza Passos
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Dietrich Stephan
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Institute for Biological Control, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
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Vidhate RP, Dawkar VV, Punekar SA, Giri AP. Genomic Determinants of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Their Involvement in Pathogenesis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:49-60. [PMID: 34977966 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi offer an effective and eco-friendly alternative to curb insect populations in biocontrol strategy. The evolutionary history of selected entomopathogenic fungi indicates their ancestral relationship with plant endophytes. During this host shifting, entomopathogenic fungi must have acquired multiple mechanisms, including a combination of various biomolecules that make them distinguishable from other fungi. In this review, we focus on understanding various biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in entomopathogenesis. In particular, we attempt to explain the indispensable role of enlarged gene families of various virulent factors, viz. chitinases, proteases, lipases, specialized metabolites, and cytochrome P450, in entomopathogenesis. Our analysis suggests that entomopathogenic fungi recruit a different set of gene products during the progression of pathogenesis. Knowledge of these bio-molecular interactions between fungi and insect hosts will allow researchers to execute pointed efforts towards the development of improved entomopathogenic fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra P Vidhate
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal V Dawkar
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sachin A Punekar
- Biospheres, Eshwari, 52/403, Lakshminagar, Parvati, Pune, 411009, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Domingues MM, Dos Santos PL, Gêa BCC, de Carvalho VR, de Oliveira FN, Soliman EP, Serrão JE, Zanuncio JC, Zanetti R, Wilcken CF. Entomopathogenic Fungi, Isolated From Soils and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Adults, to Manage the Eucalyptus Red Gum Lerp Psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1886-1893. [PMID: 36300524 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), entomopathogenic fungi, and chemical insecticides are the main strategies to manage the eucalypts pest Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore. The objective of this study was to isolate and to identify entomopathogenic fungi, collected from Bemisia tabaci Gennadius adults in soybean and tomato crops, and from soil samples in eucalypts, soybean, and native forest areas to evaluate their potential to manage G. brimblecombei. Twelve Beauveria and Cordyceps isolates were selected and compared with the commercial products Boveril Beauveria bassiana Bals. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Metarril Metarhizium anisopliae Metschn. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), and Octane Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and their respective strains. The fungal isolates were diluted in 0.1% aqueous Tween 80 at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/ml and sprayed on the G. brimblecombei nymphs with or without lerps. Pest mortality was higher and the TL50 and TL90 lower with the isolates LCBPF 11 C. javanica Frieder. & Bally (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), LCBPF 12 (C. fumosorosea), and LCBPF 67 (C. fumosorosea) from B. tabaci adults. Fungi of the genera Beauveria and Cordyceps developed and caused high mortality of G. brimblecombei nymphs with lerps. The B. bassiana, C. cateniannulata Liang (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), C. fumosorosea, C. javanica, and M. anisopliae isolates showed potential to manage G. brimblecombei. The lerp of this insect enhances entomopathogenic fungus development as a source of inoculum accelerating G. brimblecombei nymph mortality. Entomopathogenic fungi isolated from insects and soils are effective against G. brimblecombei and the presence of the lerp of this insect increases the effectiveness of its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Magalhães Domingues
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Paula Leite Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Bianca Cristina Costa Gêa
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Rafaela de Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fabricio Naka de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Everton Pires Soliman
- Suzano Papel e Celulose/Tecnologia Florestal, Av. Dr. José Lembo, 1010, 18207-78 - Itapetininga, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Ronald Zanetti
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, Av. Universitária, nº 3780, 18610-034, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
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Sayed Ali S, El-Saadany H, Kotb GA, Elshaer N, Melebary SJ, Soliman SM, A. Gh. Farag A. Biosafety evaluation of two Beauveria bassiana products on female albino rats using acute oral test. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103293. [PMID: 35592743 PMCID: PMC9112006 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of bio-pesticides in agriculture has been developed as alternative agents to conventional pesticides due to residues accumulating which causing detrimental effects to human and environment. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate biosafety of a bio-insecticide Beauveria bassiana using two products in female rats by single oral dose through hepato- and renal toxicity, hematotoxicity and lipid profile. The two products from B. bassiana (AUMC 9896) were metabolic crude (MC), and wettable powder formulation (WP) of the local isolate. Results showed a significant increase in values of erythrocytes (RBCs), leucocytes (WBCs), platelet count (Plt) and the absolute differential WBC counts. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and globulin (Glb) content were reduced in the exposed female rats with both types of B. bassiana in comparison to controls. While ratio of AST/ALT and A/G, total protein level (TP) and albumin (Alb) were raised in Beauveria bassiana -treated rats (Bb - treated rats). Urea and creatinine concentrations decreased or increased significantly in treated rats. Moreover, there was a decline in the serum of lipid profiles in WP - treated rats, but LDL levels increased in all treated animal. Additionally, no mortality or toxicity in all treated. All animals treated showed non-significant modifications in body weight gain and a slight change in relative liver weights when compared to controls. These results suggest that both treatments effect markedly on function and somatic index of the liver and slight effects on CBC and lipid profile aspects of treated female rats.
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Hammad AMA, Bashir HAAA, Abdelbagi AO, Ishag AESA, Ali MMY, Bashir MO, Hur JH, Laing MD. Efficacy of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi for the control of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Sudan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TROPICAL INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 42:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1007/s42690-021-00663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Brancini GTP, Hallsworth JE, Corrochano LM, Braga GÚL. Photobiology of the keystone genus Metarhizium. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 226:112374. [PMID: 34954528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metarhizium fungi are soil-inhabiting ascomycetes which are saprotrophs, symbionts of plants, pathogens of insects, and participate in other trophic/ecological interactions, thereby performing multiple essential ecosystem services. Metarhizium species are used to control insect pests of crop plants and insects that act as vectors of human and animal diseases. To fulfil their functions in the environment and as biocontrol agents, these fungi must endure cellular stresses imposed by the environment, one of the most potent of which is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Here, we examine the cellular stress biology of Metarhizium species in context of their photobiology, showing how photobiology facilitates key aspects of their ecology as keystone microbes and as mycoinsectides. The biophysical basis of UV-induced damage to Metarhizium, and mechanistic basis of molecular and cellular responses to effect damage repair, are discussed and interpreted in relation to the solar radiation received on Earth. We analyse the interplay between UV and visible light and how the latter increases cellular tolerance to the former via expression of a photolyase gene. By integrating current knowledge, we propose the mechanism through which Metarhizium species use the visible fraction of (low-UV) early-morning light to mitigate potentially lethal damage from intense UV radiation later in the day. We also show how this mechanism could increase Metarhizium environmental persistence and improve its bioinsecticide performance. We discuss the finding that visible light modulates stress biology in the context of further work needed on Metarhizium ecology in natural and agricultural ecosystems, and as keystone microbes that provide essential services within Earth's biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme T P Brancini
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Luis M Corrochano
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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