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Bazdyrev E, Panova M, Zherebtsova V, Burdenkova A, Grishagin I, Novikov F, Nebolsin V. The Hidden Pandemic of COVID-19-Induced Organizing Pneumonia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1574. [PMID: 36559025 PMCID: PMC9780828 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical, radiological, and histopathological studies have provided evidence that organizing pneumonia is a possible consequence of the SARS-CoV2 infection. This post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia (PCOP) causes persisting dyspnea, impaired pulmonary function, and produces radiological abnormalities for at least 5 weeks after onset of symptoms. While most patients with PCOP recover within a year after acute COVID-19, 5-25% of cases need specialized treatment. However, despite substantial resources allocated worldwide to finding a solution to this problem, there are no approved treatments for PCOP. Oral corticosteroids produce a therapeutic response in a majority of such PCOP patients, but their application is limited by the anticipated high-relapse frequency and the risk of severe adverse effects. Herein, we conduct a systematic comparison of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of the organizing pneumonias caused by COVID-19 as well as other viral infections. We also use the clinical efficacy of corticosteroids in other postinfection OPs (PIOPs) to predict the therapeutic response in the treatment of PCOP. Finally, we discuss the potential application of a candidate anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic therapy for the treatment of PCOP based on the analysis of the latest clinical trials data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Bazdyrev
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6, Sosnoviy Blvd., 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Maria Panova
- Pharmenterprises LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoi Blvd., 42(1), 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Zherebtsova
- Pharmenterprises LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoi Blvd., 42(1), 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Burdenkova
- Pharmenterprises LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoi Blvd., 42(1), 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Grishagin
- Rancho BioSciences, 16955 Via Del Campo Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92127, USA
| | - Fedor Novikov
- Pharmenterprises LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoi Blvd., 42(1), 143026 Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Avenue, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Nebolsin
- Pharmenterprises LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Bolshoi Blvd., 42(1), 143026 Moscow, Russia
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Culture and COVID-19-related mortality: a cross-sectional study of 50 countries. J Public Health Policy 2022; 43:413-430. [PMID: 35995942 PMCID: PMC9395903 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-022-00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Using a cross-sectional sample of 50 countries we investigate the influence of Hofstede’s six-dimensions of culture on COVID-19 related mortality. A multivariable regression model was fitted that controls for health-related, economic- and policy-related variables that have been found to be associated with mortality. We included the percentage of population aged 65 and above, the prevalence of relevant co-morbidities, and tobacco use as health-related variables. Economic variables were GDP, and the connectedness of a country. As policy variables, the Oxford Stringency Index as well as stringency speed, and the Global Health Security Index were used. We also describe the importance of the variables by means of a random forest model. The results suggest that individualistic societies are associated with lower COVID-19-related mortality rates. This finding contradicts previous studies that supported the popular narrative that collectivistic societies with an obedient population are better positioned to manage the pandemic.
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Rovito R, Augello M, Ben-Haim A, Bono V, d'Arminio Monforte A, Marchetti G. Hallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912336. [PMID: 35757770 PMCID: PMC9231592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two years into Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a comprehensive characterization of the pathogenesis of severe and critical forms of COVID-19 is still missing. While a deep dysregulation of both the magnitude and functionality of innate and adaptive immune responses have been described in severe COVID-19, the mechanisms underlying such dysregulations are still a matter of scientific debate, in turn hampering the identification of new therapies and of subgroups of patients that would most benefit from individual clinical interventions. Here we review the current understanding of viral and host factors that contribute to immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 severity in the attempt to unfold and broaden the comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and to define correlates of protection to further inform strategies of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rovito
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Augello
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Assaf Ben-Haim
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Bono
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchetti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Moore JX, Gilbert KL, Lively KL, Laurent C, Chawla R, Li C, Johnson R, Petcu R, Mehra M, Spooner A, Kolhe R, Ledford CJW. Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among a Community Sample of African Americans Living in the Southern United States. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080879. [PMID: 34452004 PMCID: PMC8402307 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, African Americans (AAs) have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 mortality. However, AAs are more likely to be hesitant in receiving COVID-19 vaccinations when compared to non-Hispanic Whites. We examined factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among a predominant AA community sample. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on data collected from a convenience sample of 257 community-dwelling participants in the Central Savannah River Area from 5 December 2020, through 17 April 2021. Vaccine hesitancy was categorized as resistant, hesitant, and acceptant. We estimated relative odds of vaccine resistance and vaccine hesitancy using polytomous logistic regression models. Nearly one-third of the participants were either hesitant (n = 40, 15.6%) or resistant (n = 42, 16.3%) to receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine-resistant participants were more likely to be younger and were more likely to have experienced housing insecurity due to COVID-19 when compared to both acceptant and hesitant participants, respectively. Age accounted for nearly 25% of the variation in vaccine resistance, with 21-fold increased odds (OR: 21.93, 95% CI: 8.97-5.26-91.43) of vaccine resistance in participants aged 18 to 29 compared to 50 and older adults. Housing insecurity accounted for 8% of the variation in vaccine resistance and was associated with 7-fold increased odds of vaccine resistance (AOR: 7.35, 95% CI: 1.99-27.10). In this sample, AAs under the age of 30 and those experiencing housing insecurity because of the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to be resistant to receiving a free COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Xavier Moore
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
- Cancer Prevention, Control, & Population Health Program, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Institute of Preventive and Public Health, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-4621
| | - Keon L. Gilbert
- Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Katie L. Lively
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Christian Laurent
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Rishab Chawla
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Cynthia Li
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ryan Johnson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Robert Petcu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Mehul Mehra
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Antron Spooner
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (K.L.L.); (C.L.); (R.C.); (C.L.); (R.J.); (R.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Section of Anatomic Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
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