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Lei P, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Jiang M, Ji X, Ma L, Jin G, Li J, Zhang S, Kong D, Zhao X, Meng F. Functions of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins in the Regulation of Plant Responses to Cold, Drought, Salt, and Iron Deficiency: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10692-10709. [PMID: 38712500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses including cold, drought, salt, and iron deficiency severely impair plant development, crop productivity, and geographic distribution. Several bodies of research have shed light on the pleiotropic functions of BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) proteins in plant responses to these abiotic stresses. In this review, we mention the regulatory roles of bHLH TFs in response to stresses such as cold, drought, salt resistance, and iron deficiency, as well as in enhancing grain yield in plants, especially crops. The bHLH proteins bind to E/G-box motifs in the target promoter and interact with various other factors to form a complex regulatory network. Through this network, they cooperatively activate or repress the transcription of downstream genes, thereby regulating various stress responses. Finally, we present some perspectives for future research focusing on the molecular mechanisms that integrate and coordinate these abiotic stresses. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Baicheng Normal University, Baicheng 137099, China
| | - Mingquan Jiang
- Jilin Province Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ximei Ji
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangze Jin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Subin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree and Grass Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry and Grassland Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Sumbur B, Gao F, Liu Q, Feng D, Bing J, Dorjee T, Li X, Sun H, Zhou Y. The Characterization of R2R3-MYB Genes in Ammopiptanthus nanus Uncovers That the miR858-AnaMYB87 Module Mediates the Accumulation of Anthocyanin under Osmotic Stress. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1721. [PMID: 38136592 PMCID: PMC10741500 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) participate in the modulation of plant development, secondary metabolism, and responses to environmental stresses. Ammopiptanthus nanus, a leguminous dryland shrub, tolerates a high degree of environmental stress, including drought and low-temperature stress. The systematic identification, structural analysis, evolutionary analysis, and gene profiling of R2R3-MYB TFs under cold and osmotic stress in A. nanus were performed. Up to 137 R2R3-MYB TFs were identified and clustered into nine clades, with most A. nanus R2R3-MYB members belonging to clade VIII. Tandem and segmental duplication events drove the expansion of the A. nanus R2R3-MYB family. Expression profiling revealed that multiple R2R3-MYB genes significantly changed under osmotic and cold stress conditions. MiR858 and miR159 targeted 88 R2R3-MYB genes. AnaMYB87, an miR858-targeted clade VIII R2R3-MYB TF, was up-regulated under both osmotic and cold stress. A transient expression assay in apples showed that the overexpression of AnaMYB87 promoted anthocyanin accumulation. A luciferase reporter assay in tobacco demonstrated that AnaMYB87 positively affected the transactivation of the dihydroflavonol reductase gene, indicating that the miR858-MYB87 module mediates anthocyanin accumulation under osmotic stress by regulating the dihydroflavonol reductase gene in A. nanus. This study provides new data to understand the roles of R2R3-MYB in plant stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batu Sumbur
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Bing
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100080, China;
| | - Tashi Dorjee
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huigai Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolomics, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China; (B.S.); (F.G.); (Q.L.); (D.F.); (T.D.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Luo Z, Che X, Han P, Chen Z, Chen Z, Chen J, Xiang S, Ding P. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals the potential mechanism of Morinda officinalis How in response to freezing stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:507. [PMID: 37872484 PMCID: PMC10591367 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morinda officinalis How (MO) is a vine shrub distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, known as one of the "Four Southern Herbal Medicines" in China. The unclear responsive mechanism by which MO adapt to freezing stress limits progress in molecular breeding for MO freezing tolerance. RESULTS In this study, morphological, physiological and microstructure changes in MO exposed to -2℃ for 0 h, 3 h, 8 h and 24 h were comprehensively characterized. The results showed that freezing stress caused seedling dehydration, palisade cell and spongy mesophyll destruction. A significant increase in the content of proline, soluble protein and soluble sugars, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase was observed. Subsequently, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes of MO leaves at different times under freezing treatment by RNA-seq. A total of 24,498 unigenes were annotated and 3252 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Most of these DEGs were annotated in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signaling pathways. Family Enrichment analysis showed that the glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferases, oxidoreductase, chlorophyll a/b binding protein and calcium binding protein families were significantly enriched. We also characterized 7 types of transcription factors responding to freezing stress, among which the most abundant family was the MYBs, followed by the AP2/ERFs and NACs. Furthermore, 10 DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR analysis, which validated the reliability and accuracy of RNA-seq data. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an overall view of the dynamic changes in physiology and insight into the molecular regulation mechanisms of MO in response to freezing stress. This study will lay a foundation for freezing tolerance molecular breeding and improving the quality of MO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Che
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Panpan Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zien Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinfang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sishi Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ping Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Jahed KR, Saini AK, Sherif SM. Coping with the cold: unveiling cryoprotectants, molecular signaling pathways, and strategies for cold stress resilience. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1246093. [PMID: 37649996 PMCID: PMC10465183 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1246093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature stress significantly threatens crop productivity and economic sustainability. Plants counter this by deploying advanced molecular mechanisms to perceive and respond to cold stress. Transmembrane proteins initiate these responses, triggering a series of events involving secondary messengers such as calcium ions (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inositol phosphates. Of these, calcium signaling is paramount, activating downstream phosphorylation cascades and the transcription of cold-responsive genes, including cold-regulated (COR) genes. This review focuses on how plants manage freeze-induced damage through dual strategies: cold tolerance and cold avoidance. Tolerance mechanisms involve acclimatization to decreasing temperatures, fostering gradual accumulation of cold resistance. In contrast, avoidance mechanisms rely on cryoprotectant molecules like potassium ions (K+), proline, glycerol, and antifreeze proteins (AFPs). Cryoprotectants modulate intracellular solute concentration, lower the freezing point, inhibit ice formation, and preserve plasma membrane fluidity. Additionally, these molecules demonstrate antioxidant activity, scavenging ROS, preventing protein denaturation, and subsequently mitigating cellular damage. By forming extensive hydrogen bonds with water molecules, cryoprotectants also limit intercellular water movement, minimizing extracellular ice crystal formation, and cell dehydration. The deployment of cryoprotectants is a key adaptive strategy that bolsters plant resilience to cold stress and promotes survival in freezing environments. However, the specific physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these protective effects remain insufficiently understood. Therefore, this review underscores the need for further research to elucidate these mechanisms and assess their potential impact on crop productivity and sustainability, contributing to the progressive discourse in plant biology and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherif M. Sherif
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
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Li A, Ma M, Li H, He S, Wang S. Genetic Diversity and Population Differentiation of a Chinese Endangered Plant Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051020. [PMID: 37239379 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. is a very important resource plant that integrates soil and water conservation, afforestation of barren mountains, and ornamental, medicinal, and scientific research functions and is also a critically endangered plant in China, remaining in only six small fragmented populations in the wild. These populations have been suffering from severe anthropomorphic disturbances, causing further losses in genetic diversity. However, its genetic diversity level and genetic differentiation degree among the fragmented populations are still unclear. Inthis study, DNA was extracted from fresh leaves from the remnant populations of A. nanus, and the inter-simple-sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular marker system was used to assess its level of genetic diversity and differentiation. The result was that its genetic diversity is low at both species and population levels, with only 51.70% and 26.84% polymorphic loci, respectively. The Akeqi population had the highest genetic diversity, whereas the Ohsalur and Xiaoerbulak populations had the lowest. There was significant genetic differentiation among the populations, and the value of the genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was as high as 0.73, while the gene flow value was as low as 0.19 owing to spatial fragmentation and a serious genetic exchange barrier among the populations. It is suggested that a nature reserve and germplasm banks should be established as soon as possible for elimination of the anthropomorphic disturbances, and mutual introductions between the populations and introduced patches of the species, such as with habitat corridors or stepping stones, should be performed simultaneously to improve the genetic diversity of the isolated populations for the conservation of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoran Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Songfeng He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Shugao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Jin Y, Ding X, Li J, Guo Z. Isolation and characterization of wheat ice recrystallisation inhibition gene promoter involved in low temperature and methyl jasmonate responses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1969-1979. [PMID: 36573144 PMCID: PMC9789242 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant growth, development, survival and geographical distribution are constrained by extreme climatic conditions, especially extreme low temperature. Under cold stress, cold-inducible promoters were identified as important molecular switches to transcriptionally regulate the initiation of genes associated with cold acclimation processes and enhance the adaptability of plants to cold stimulation. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most dominating food crops in the world, and wheat crops are generally overwintering with strong cold resistance. Our previous study already proved that heterologous expression of wheat ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) genes enhanced freezing tolerance in tobacco. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of TaIRI are ambiguous. In this study, the space-time specific expression of TaIRI genes in wheat was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and results showed that the expression of TaIRI in all tissues was cold-induced and accelerate by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Three promoters of TaIRI genes were isolated from wheat genome, and various 5'-deletion fragments of TaIRIp were integrated into β-glucuronidase (GUS) within vector pCAMBIA1301. The promoter activity of TaIRI genes was determined through transient expression system of tobacco and stable expression of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results revealed that the GUS activity were significantly strengthened by cold and MeJA treatments. This study will provide insights into elucidating the transcription-regulatory mechanism of IRI proteins responding to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 536 Huolinhe Street West, Tongliao City, 028043 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xihan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Street, Shenyang City, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Jianbo Li
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028043 China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Forage Crops in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028043 China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Street, Shenyang City, 110866 Liaoning China
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Satyakam, Zinta G, Singh RK, Kumar R. Cold adaptation strategies in plants—An emerging role of epigenetics and antifreeze proteins to engineer cold resilient plants. Front Genet 2022; 13:909007. [PMID: 36092945 PMCID: PMC9459425 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and yield. Also, the spatial and geographical distribution of plant species is influenced by low temperatures. Cold stress includes chilling and/or freezing temperatures, which trigger entirely different plant responses. Freezing tolerance is acquired via the cold acclimation process, which involves prior exposure to non-lethal low temperatures followed by profound alterations in cell membrane rigidity, transcriptome, compatible solutes, pigments and cold-responsive proteins such as antifreeze proteins. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin dynamics and small non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in cold stress adaptation. Here, we provide a recent update on cold-induced signaling and regulatory mechanisms. Emphasis is given to the role of epigenetic mechanisms and antifreeze proteins in imparting cold stress tolerance in plants. Lastly, we discuss genetic manipulation strategies to improve cold tolerance and develop cold-resistant plants.
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