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Wan L, Li Y, Liao W, Lei L, Zhao M, Zeng J, Zhao Z, Tang J. Synergistic inhibition effects of andrographolide and baicalin on coronavirus mechanisms by downregulation of ACE2 protein level. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4287. [PMID: 38383655 PMCID: PMC10882053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus, belonging to the Coronavirus genus, which poses a threat to human health worldwide. Current therapies focus on inhibiting viral replication or using anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory compounds to enhance host immunity. This makes the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine compounds ideal therapies due to their proven safety and minimal toxicity. Previous research suggests that andrographolide and baicalin inhibit coronaviruses; however, their synergistic effects remain unclear. Here, we studied the antiviral mechanisms of their synergistic use in vitro and in vivo. We selected the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus for viral studies and found that synergistic andrographolide and baicalein significantly reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein level and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells compared to singal compound individually and inhibited the major protease activity of SARS-CoV-2. This mechanism is essential to reduce the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, their synergistic use in vivo also inhibited the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α-the primary cytokines in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (the main cause of COVID-19 deaths). In conclusion, this study shows that synergistic andrographolide and baicalein treatment acts as potent inhibitors of coronavirus mechanisms in vitro and in vivo-and is more effective together than in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lizhen Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Si Chuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Department of Digestive, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Si Chuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Si Chuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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2
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Ma H, Fu W, Yu H, Xu Y, Xiao L, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Xu T. Exploration of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Lanqin oral solution based on the network pharmacology analysis optimized by Q-markers selection. Comput Biol Med 2023; 154:106607. [PMID: 36731363 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Network pharmacology is widely used to predict the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), but the framework in traditional network pharmacology analysis ignores the relationship between the concentration of components and drug efficacy. Lanqin oral solution (LOS) is a TCM formulation that widely used in the clinical treatment of pharyngitis, but its pharmacodynamic mechanism is still unknown. The present study was designed to elaborate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LOS based on the quality markers (Q-markers). The efficacy of LOS was correlated with the fingerprint common peaks by chemometrics to select key peaks, and the Q-markers were further confirmed by mass spectrometry. Network pharmacology analysis was performed based on the chosen Q-markers to elaborate the potential pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Four efficacy-related chromatographic peaks were screened by the novel competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) spectrum-effect relationship analysis and series of other chemometrics methods. Four peaks were further characterized as the Q-markers in the LOS by mass spectrometry, i.e., geniposide, berberine, palmatine and baicalin. The ingredient-target network demonstrated that the LOS showed more impact on the NF-κB signaling pathway to elicit anti-inflammatory ability. Overall, the present study has introduced CARS into the spectrum-effect relationship analysis for the first time, which complemented the commonly applied chemometric methods. The network established based on the screened Q-markers was highly interpretable and successfully achieved the prediction of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of LOS. The proposed workflow provides a systematic method for exploring the mechanism of TCM based on identifying efficacy indicators. More importantly, it offers a reference for clarifying the mechanisms for other TCM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weiliang Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hengyuan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Youdong Xu
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lulu Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Tengfei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nguyen HT, Do VM, Phan TT, Nguyen Huynh DT. The Potential of Ameliorating COVID-19 and Sequelae From Andrographis paniculata via Bioinformatics. Bioinform Biol Insights 2023; 17:11779322221149622. [PMID: 36654765 PMCID: PMC9841859 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221149622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is alarmingly escalating and raises challenges in finding efficient compounds for treatment. Repurposing phytochemicals in herbs is an ideal and economical approach for screening potential herbal components against COVID-19. Andrographis paniculata, also known as Chuan Xin Lian, has traditionally been used as an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial herb for centuries and has recently been classified as a promising herbal remedy for adjuvant therapy in treating respiratory diseases. This study aimed to screen Chuan Xin Lian's bioactive components and elicit the potential pharmacological mechanisms and plausible pathways for treating COVID-19 using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking. The results found terpenoid (andrographolide) and flavonoid (luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin) derivatives had remarkable potential against COVID-19 and sequelae owing to their high degrees in the component-target-pathway network and strong binding capacities in docking scores. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway might be the most vital molecular pathway in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and long-term sequelae whereby therapeutic strategies can intervene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Public Health, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Van Mai Do
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thuy Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dung Tam Nguyen Huynh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,Dung Tam Nguyen Huynh, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei.
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4
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Li J, Liu X, Li J, Han D, Li Y, Ge P. Mechanism of andrographis paniculata on lung cancer by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Technol Health Care 2023:THC220698. [PMID: 36641698 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely recognized and accepted worldwide to provide favorable therapeutic effects for cancer patients. As Andrographis paniculata has an anti-tumor effect, it might inhibit lung cancer. OBJECTIVE The drug targets and related pathways involved in the action of Andrographis paniculata against lung cancer were predicted using network pharmacology, and its mechanism was further explored at the molecular level. METHODS This work selected the effective components and targets of Andrographis paniculata against the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Targets related to lung cancer were searched for in the GEO database (accession number GSE136043). The volcanic and thermal maps of differential expression genes were produced using the software R. Then, the target genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG analysis using the software R. This also utilized the AutoDock tool to study the molecular docking of the active component structures downloaded from the PubChem database and the key target structures downloaded from the PDB database, and the docking results were visualized using the software PyMol. RESULTS The results of molecular docking show that wogonin, Mono-O-methylwightin, Deoxycamptothecine, andrographidine F_qt, Quercetin tetramethyl (3',4',5,7) ether, 14-deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide-19-β-D-glucoside_qt and 14-deoxy-11-oxo-andrographolide were potential active components, while AKT1, MAPK14, RELA and NCOA1 were key targets. CONCLUSION This study showed the main candidate components, targets, and pathways involved in the action of Andrographis paniculata against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongwei Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengling Ge
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Qin X, Zhou H, Wang X, Tian M, Dong Z, Wang C, Geng F, Huang Q. UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HRMS Combined with Network Pharmacology to Explore the Mechanism of Chuanhuang Qingre Capsule in the Treatment of Acute Pharyngitis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Hailun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Maoying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Zhaowei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Chao Wang
- Sichuan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, No.51, Section 4 Renmin South Road, Wuhou District Chengdu 610042 China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Animals Jinhan Road, Shuangliu District Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
- College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District Chengdu 611137 China
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Songvut P, Suriyo T, Panomvana D, Rangkadilok N, Satayavivad J. A comprehensive review on disposition kinetics and dosage of oral administration of Andrographis paniculata, an alternative herbal medicine, in co-treatment of coronavirus disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:952660. [PMID: 36059950 PMCID: PMC9437296 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.952660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a present global health crisis that is driving the investigation of alternative phytomedicines for antiviral purposes. The evidence suggests that Andrographis paniculata crude or extract is a promising candidate for treating symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review aims to consolidate the available reports on the disposition kinetics of andrographolide, a main active component of A. paniculata. The second objective of this review is to summarize the available reports on an appropriate oral dosage for the use of andrographolide in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and other viral infectious diseases. The data were collected from the literature on absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of andrographolide, and information was also obtained from scientific databases about the use of A. paniculata. The finding of this review on pharmacokinetics indicates that andrographolide is slightly absorbed into the blood circulation and exhibits poor oral bioavailability, whereas its distribution process is unrestricted. In the termination phase, andrographolide preferentially undergoes biotransformation partly through phase I hydroxylation and phase II conjugation, and it is then eliminated via the renal excretion and hepatobiliary system. The key summary of the recommended dosage for andrographolide in uncomplicated URTI treatment is 30 mg/day for children and 60 mg/day for adults. The dose for adult patients with pharyngotonsillitis could be increased to 180 mg/day, but not exceed 360 mg/day. Co-treatment with A. paniculata in concert with the standard supportive care for influenza reduced the severity of symptoms, shortened treatment duration, and decreased the risk of developing post-influenza complications. The recommended starting dose for use in patients with mild COVID-19 is 180 mg/day of andrographolide, based on the dose used in patients experiencing a URTI with inflammation. This review is not only applicable for evaluating the appropriate doses of andrographolide for antiviral treatments but also encourages future research evaluating the effectiveness of these recommended dosages during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanit Songvut
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tawit Suriyo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangchit Panomvana
- Translational Research Unit, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuchanart Rangkadilok
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Jutamaad Satayavivad,
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Cheung MK, Yue GGL, Gomes AJ, Wong ECW, Lee JKM, Kwok FHF, Chiu PWY, Lau CBS. Network pharmacology reveals potential functional components and underlying molecular mechanisms of Andrographis paniculata in esophageal cancer treatment. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1748-1760. [PMID: 35174914 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor and antimetastatic effects of the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata (AP) in esophageal cancer (EC) have been previously reported. In this study, we aimed to uncover the potential functional components and the underlying molecular mechanisms of AP in EC treatment using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Twenty-two potential active AP compounds against EC were revealed, including the antitumor/antiinflammatory compounds panicolin, moslosooflavone, and deoxyandrographiside. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were most highly ranked among the predicted targets of AP in EC treatment and may play important roles in the anti-EC effects of AP. KEGG pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of multiple cancer-related pathways and signaling pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting validation showed that overnight treatment with 850.3 μg/ml of AP water extract significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of EGFR and AKT in human EC-109 cells. The presence of panicolin and moslosooflavone in the AP water extract samples were confirmed using LC-MS against reference standards. This study has comprehensively revealed for the first time the potential functional components of AP in EC and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Future studies should characterize the potential pharmacological properties of the other highly ranked yet understudied compounds in AP detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Kit Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar-Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Adele Joyce Gomes
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Chun-Wai Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Julia Kin-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie Hin-Fai Kwok
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Wai-Yan Chiu
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik-San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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