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Liu HB, Dong T, Deng L, Zhou C, Tang F, Margolis RL, Li PP. Generation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line JHUi004-A with heterozygous mutation for spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 using genome editing. Stem Cell Res 2024; 77:103441. [PMID: 38759410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is caused by a CAG expansion mutation in PPP2R2B, a gene encoding brain-specific regulatory units of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); while normal alleles carry 4 to 31 triplets, the disease alleles carry 43 to 78 triplets. Here, by CRISPR/Cas9n genome editing, we have generated a human heterozygous SCA12 iPSC line with 73 triplets for the mutant allele. The heterozygous SCA12 iPSCs have normal karyotype, express pluripotency markers and are able to differentiate into the three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans B Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leon Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengqian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pan P Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Liang Y, Gao S, Qi X, Valentovich LN, An Y. Progress in Gene Editing and Metabolic Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with CRISPR/Cas9 Tools. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:428-448. [PMID: 38326929 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 systems have been developed as tools for genetic engineering and metabolic engineering in various organisms. In this review, various aspects of CRISPR/Cas9 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, from basic principles to practical applications, have been summarized. First, a comprehensive review has been conducted on the history of CRISPR/Cas9, successful cases of gene disruptions, and efficiencies of multiple DNA fragment insertions. Such advanced systems have accelerated the development of microbial engineering by reducing time and labor, and have enhanced the understanding of molecular genetics. Furthermore, the research progress of the CRISPR/Cas9-based systems in the production of high-value-added chemicals and the improvement of stress tolerance in S. cerevisiae have been summarized, which should have an important reference value for genetic and synthetic biology studies based on S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Liang
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110065, China
| | - Song Gao
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110065, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangdong 511370, China
| | - Leonid N Valentovich
- Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110065, China
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3
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Ohno T, Nakane T, Akase T, Kurasawa H, Aizawa Y. Development of an isogenic human cell trio that models polyglutamine disease. Genes Genet Syst 2023; 98:179-189. [PMID: 37821389 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.22-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative diseases associated with the expansion of glutamine-encoding triplet repeats in certain genes. To investigate the functional influence of repeat expansion on disease mechanisms, we applied a biallelic genome-engineering platform that we recently established, called Universal Knock-in System or UKiS, to develop a human cell trio, a set of three isogenic cell lines that are homozygous for two different numbers of repeats (first and second lines) or heterozygous for the two repeat numbers (third line). As an example of a polyQ disease, we chose spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). In a pseudodiploid human cell line, both alleles of the glutamine-encoding triplet repeat in the SCA2-causing gene, ataxin 2 or ATXN2, were first knocked in with a donor sequence encoding both thymidine kinase and either puromycin or blasticidin resistance proteins under dual drug selection. The knocked-in donor alleles were then substituted with a payload having either 22 or 76 triplet repeats in ATXN2 by ganciclovir negative selection. The two-step substitution and subsequent SNP typing and genomic sequencing confirmed that the SCA2-modeling isogenic cell trio was obtained: three clones of 22-repeat homozygotes, two clones of 22/76-repeat heterozygotes and two clones of 76-repeat homozygotes. Finally, RT-PCR and immunoblotting using the obtained clones showed that, consistent with previous observations, glutamine tract expansion reduced transcriptional and translational expression of ATXN2. The cell clones with homozygous long-repeat alleles, which are rarely obtained from patients with SCA2, showed more drastic reduction of ATXN2 expression than the heterozygous clones. This study thus demonstrates the potential of UKiS, which is a beneficial platform for the efficient development of cell models not only for polyQ diseases but also for any other genetic diseases, which may accelerate our deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and cell-based screening for therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ohno
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Takeshi Nakane
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Taichi Akase
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Hikaru Kurasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Yasunori Aizawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology
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Ebrahimi S, Khosravi MA, Raz A, Karimipoor M, Parvizi P. CRISPR-Cas Technology as a Revolutionary Genome Editing tool: Mechanisms and Biomedical Applications. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 27:219-46. [PMID: 37873636 PMCID: PMC10707817 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.27.5.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Programmable nucleases are powerful genomic tools for precise genome editing. These tools precisely recognize, remove, or change DNA at a defined site, thereby, stimulating cellular DNA repair pathways that can cause mutations or accurate replacement or deletion/insertion of a sequence. CRISPR-Cas9 system is the most potent and useful genome editing technique adapted from the defense immune system of certain bacteria and archaea against viruses and phages. In the past decade, this technology made notable progress, and at present, it has largely been used in genome manipulation to make precise gene editing in plants, animals, and human cells. In this review, we aim to explain the basic principle, mechanisms of action, and applications of this system in different areas of medicine, with emphasizing on the detection and treatment of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Ebrahimi
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Khosravi
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Raz
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Parvizi
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Parasitology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Sun R, Raban R, Akbari OS. CRISPR-Cas9 Methods and Key Considerations in the Production of Aedes aegypti Mutant Strains. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:607-613. [PMID: 36931732 PMCID: PMC10901255 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the characterization of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in prokaryotes, it has become the prime choice in gene editing because of its exceptional flexibility, ease of use, high efficiency, and superior specificity. As a result, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene-editing technologies have enabled researchers not only to engineer transgenic animal strains with site-directed insertions more efficiently but also to generate desired mutants for previously intractable species. One such species is the invasive yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, which is notorious for its ability to transmit many blood-borne human pathogens. Methods for developing new transgenic strains of the yellow fever mosquito may aid in the effort to control its populations and provide significant benefits for the public. Here, we provide an overview of injection and noninjection methods for generating transgenic mosquitoes and also highlight important experimental design features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Sun
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Robyn Raban
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Kitano Y, Nishimura S, Kato TM, Ueda A, Takigawa K, Umekage M, Nomura M, Kawakami A, Ogawa H, Xu H, Hotta A, Takasu N, Tsukahara M. Generation of hypoimmunogenic induced pluripotent stem cells by CRISPR-Cas9 system and detailed evaluation for clinical application. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:15-25. [PMID: 35755947 PMCID: PMC9198376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In order to expand the promise of regenerative medicine using allogeneic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), precise and efficient genome editing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes would be advantageous to minimize the immune rejection caused by mismatches of HLA type. However, clinical-grade genome editing of multiple HLA genes in human iPSC lines remains unexplored. Here, we optimized the protocol for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compatible CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to deplete the three gene locus (HLA-A, HLA-B, and CIITA genes) simultaneously in HLA homozygous iPSCs. The use of HLA homozygous iPSCs has one main advantage over heterozygous iPSCs for inducing biallelic knockout by a single gRNA. RNA-seq and flow cytometry analyses confirmed the successful depletion of HLAs, and lineage-specific differentiation into cardiomyocytes was verified. We also confirmed that the pluripotency of genome-edited iPSCs was successfully maintained by the three germ layers of differentiation. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing, karyotyping, and optical genome mapping analyses revealed no evident genomic abnormalities detected in some clones, whereas unexpected copy number losses, chromosomal translocations, and complex genomic rearrangements were observed in other clones. Our results indicate the importance of multidimensional analyses to ensure the safety and quality of the genome-edited cells. The manufacturing and assessment pipelines presented here will be the basis for clinical-grade genome editing of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kitano
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishimura
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Tomoaki M Kato
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Anna Ueda
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kaho Takigawa
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masafumi Umekage
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Ayane Kawakami
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Haruna Ogawa
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Huaigeng Xu
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- CiRA Foundation, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
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Cai G, Lin Z, Shi S. Development and expansion of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolboxes for powerful genome engineering in yeast. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 159:110056. [PMID: 35561628 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Yeasts represent a group of the microorganisms most frequently seen in biotechnology. Recently, the class 2 type II CRISPR system (CRISPR/Cas9) has become the principal toolbox for genome editing. By efficiently implementing genetic manipulations such as gene integration/knockout, base editor, and transcription regulation, the development of biotechnological applications in yeasts has been extensively promoted. The genome-level tools based on CRISPR/Cas9, used for screening and identifying functional genes/gene clusters, are also advancing. In general, CRISPR/Cas9-assisted editing tools have gradually become standardized and function as host-orthogonal genetic systems, which results in time-saving for strain engineering and biotechnological application processes. In this review, we summarize the key points of the basic elements in the CRISPR/Cas9 system, including Cas9 variants, guide RNA, donors, and effectors. With a focus on yeast, we have also introduced the development of various CRISPR/Cas9 systems and discussed their future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhenquan Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuobo Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Wang S, Li Y, Zhong L, Wu K, Zhang R, Kang T, Wu S, Wu Y. Efficient gene editing through an intronic selection marker in cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:111. [PMID: 35098362 PMCID: PMC8801403 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene editing technology has provided researchers with the ability to modify genome sequences in almost all eukaryotes. Gene-edited cell lines are being used with increasing frequency in both bench research and targeted therapy. However, despite the great importance and universality of gene editing, the efficiency of homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) is too low, and base editors (BEs) cannot accomplish desired indel editing tasks. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Our group has improved HDR gene editing technology to indicate DNA variation with an independent selection marker using an HDR strategy, which we named Gene Editing through an Intronic Selection marker (GEIS). GEIS uses a simple process to avoid nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated false-positive effects and achieves a DsRed positive rate as high as 87.5% after two rounds of fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) selection without disturbing endogenous gene splicing and expression. We re-examined the correlation of the conversion tract and efficiency, and our data suggest that GEIS has the potential to edit approximately 97% of gene editing targets in human and mouse cells. The results of further comprehensive analysis suggest that the strategy may be useful for introducing multiple DNA variations in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Teaching Center of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Center of Digestive Diseases, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Teaching Center of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515000, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Nambiar TS, Baudrier L, Billon P, Ciccia A. CRISPR-based genome editing through the lens of DNA repair. Mol Cell 2022; 82:348-388. [PMID: 35063100 PMCID: PMC8887926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing technologies operate by inducing site-specific DNA perturbations that are resolved by cellular DNA repair pathways. Products of genome editors include DNA breaks generated by CRISPR-associated nucleases, base modifications induced by base editors, DNA flaps created by prime editors, and integration intermediates formed by site-specific recombinases and transposases associated with CRISPR systems. Here, we discuss the cellular processes that repair CRISPR-generated DNA lesions and describe strategies to obtain desirable genomic changes through modulation of DNA repair pathways. Advances in our understanding of the DNA repair circuitry, in conjunction with the rapid development of innovative genome editing technologies, promise to greatly enhance our ability to improve food production, combat environmental pollution, develop cell-based therapies, and cure genetic and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun S. Nambiar
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Lou Baudrier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pierre Billon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robson DNA Science Centre, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N. W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032,Lead Contact,Corresponding authors: ,
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CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene correction ameliorates abnormal phenotypes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:479. [PMID: 34535635 PMCID: PMC8448778 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal CAG repeats in the exon 10 of ATXN3. The accumulation of the mutant ataxin-3 proteins carrying expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) leads to selective degeneration of neurons. Since the pathogenesis of SCA3 has not been fully elucidated, and no effective therapies have been identified, it is crucial to investigate the pathogenesis and seek new therapeutic strategies of SCA3. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used as the ideal cell model for the molecular pathogenesis of polyQ diseases. Abnormal CAG expansions mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technologies have shown promising potential for the treatment of polyQ diseases, including SCA3. In this study, SCA3-iPSCs can be corrected by the replacement of the abnormal CAG expansions (74 CAG) with normal repeats (17 CAG) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination (HR) strategy. Besides, corrected SCA3-iPSCs retained pluripotent and normal karyotype, which can be differentiated into a neural stem cell (NSCs) and neuronal cells, and maintained electrophysiological characteristics. The expression of differentiation markers and electrophysiological characteristics were similar among the neuronal differentiation from normal control iPSCs (Ctrl-iPSCs), SCA3-iPSCs, and isogenic control SCA3-iPSCs. Furthermore, this study proved that the phenotypic abnormalities in SCA3 neurons, including aggregated IC2-polyQ protein, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glutathione expressions, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, and lipid peroxidase malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all were rescued in the corrected SCA3-NCs. For the first time, this study demonstrated the feasibility of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HR strategy to precisely repair SCA3-iPSCs, and reverse the corresponding abnormal disease phenotypes. In addition, the importance of genetic control using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated iPSCs for disease modeling. Our work may contribute to providing a potential ideal model for molecular mechanism research and autologous stem cell therapy of SCA3 or other polyQ diseases, and offer a good gene therapy strategy for future treatment.
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