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Lacombe J, Summers AJ, Khanishayan A, Khorsandian Y, Hacey I, Blackson W, Zenhausern F. Paper-Based Vertical Flow Immunoassay for the Point-of-Care Multiplex Detection of Radiation Dosimetry Genes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:178-186. [PMID: 37369178 PMCID: PMC10751381 DOI: 10.1159/000531702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a nuclear or radiological incident, first responders must quickly and accurately measure radiation exposure among civilians as medical countermeasures are radiation dose-dependent and time-sensitive. Although several approaches have been explored to measure absorbed radiation dose, there is an important need to develop point-of-care (POC) bioassay devices that can be used immediately to triage thousands of individuals potentially exposed to radiation. Here we present a proof-of-concept study showing the use of a paper-based vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) to detect radiation dosimetry genes. Using labeled primers during amplification and a multiplex membrane, our results showed that the nucleic acid VFI can simultaneously detect two biodosimetry genes, CDKN1A and DDB2, as well as one housekeeping gene MRPS5. The assay demonstrated good linearity and precision with an inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variance <20% and <10%, respectively. Moreover, the assay showed its ability to discriminate non-irradiated controls (0 Gy) from irradiated samples (1 + 2 Gy) with an overall sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 100% (AUC = 0.8672, 95% CI: 0.723-1.000; p = 0.004). Interestingly, the gene combination also showed a dose-dependent response for 0, 1, and 2 Gy, similar to data obtained by real-time PCR benchmark. These preliminary results suggest that a VFI platform can be used to detect simultaneously multiple genes that can be then quantified, thus offering a new approach for a POC biodosimetry assay that could be rapidly deployed on-site to test a large population and help triage and medical management after radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander J. Summers
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ashkan Khanishayan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yasaman Khorsandian
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Isabella Hacey
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wyatt Blackson
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Akkad AR, Gu J, Duane B, Norquist A, Brenner DJ, Ramakumar A, Zenhausern F. Automatic reagent handling and assay processing of human biospecimens inside a transportation container for a medical disaster response against radiation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268508. [PMID: 35594269 PMCID: PMC9122182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials can be shipped off-site for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes. They usually are kept in certain environments for their final application during transportation. However, active reagent handling during transportation from a collection site to a laboratory or biorepository has not been reported yet. In this paper, we show the application of a micro-controlled centrifugal microfluidic system inside a shipping container that can add reagent to an actively cultured human blood sample during transportation to ensure a rapid biodosimetry of cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The newly demonstrated concept could have a significant impact on rapid biodosimetry triage for medical countermeasure in a radiological disaster. It also opens a new capability in accelerated sample processing during transportation for biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Akkad
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jian Gu
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG); (FZ)
| | - Brett Duane
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alan Norquist
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Adarsh Ramakumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- HonorHealth Research and Innovation Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JG); (FZ)
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