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Hassan A, Atkinson KD. Local environment in yeast-based impedance biodosimeters strongly influences the measurable dose. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 209:111323. [PMID: 38631246 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates the feasibility of yeast-based impedance measurements for retrospective dosimetry applications. The local environment around yeast cells in a previously developed film-badge was modeled using Geant4. A greater dose response was observed when yeast cells were surrounded by an aluminum-polymer structure, which acted as a conversion layer. Bench-top experiments were conducted using a jar-based dosimeter design that directly combined a finely-ground aluminum conversion medium with yeast powder. It was shown when irradiated in the presence of aluminum grains, yeast cells yielded a higher impedance signal, thereby indicating greater radiation-induced damage. Finally, in separate irradiation experiments, lead and aluminum sheets were placed behind yeast samples and the dosimeters were irradiated to 1 Gy. A 2-fold increase in the impedance signal was shown when samples were positioned in close contact with the lead sheet compared to the aluminum sheet. In all experiments, it was shown that the local environment significantly influences radiative energy deposition in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hassan
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street, N, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada.
| | - K D Atkinson
- Ontario Tech University, 2000 Simcoe Street, N, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada
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2
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Lee YH, Yoon HJ, Yang SS, Lee IK, Jo WS, Jeong SK, Oh SJ, Kim J, Lee Y, Seong KM. Lessons on harmonization of scoring criteria for dicentric chromosome assay in South Korea. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:709-714. [PMID: 38394348 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2316603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Networking with other biodosimetry laboratories is necessary to assess the radiation exposure of many individuals in large-scale radiological accidents. The Korea biodosimetry network, K-BioDos, prepared harmonized scoring guidelines for dicentric chromosome assay to obtain homogeneous results within the network and investigated the efficiency of the guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three laboratories in K-BioDos harmonized the scoring guidelines for dicentric chromosome assay. The results of scoring dicentric chromosomes using the harmonized scoring guidelines were compared with the laboratories' results using their own methods. Feedback was collected from the scorers following the three intercomparison exercises in 3 consecutive years. RESULTS K-BioDos members showed comparable capacity to score dicentrics in the three exercises. However, the results of the K-BioDos guidelines showed no significant improvement over those of the scorers' own methods. According to the scorers, our harmonized guidelines led to more rejected metaphases and ultimately decreased the number of scorable metaphases compared with their own methods. Moreover, the scoring time was sometimes longer with the K-BioDos protocol because some scorers were not yet familiar with the guidelines, though most scorers reported that the time decreased or was unchanged. These challenges may cause low adherence to the guidelines. Most scorers expressed willingness to use the guidelines to select scorable metaphases or identify dicentrics for other biodosimetry works, whereas one did not want to use it due to the difference from their calibration curves. CONCLUSIONS We identified potential resistance to following the harmonized guidelines and received requests for more detailed methods. Our findings suggest that the harmonized criteria should be continually updated, and education and training should be provided for all scorers. These changes could allow members within the biodosimetry network to successfully collaborate and support each other in large-scale radiological accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Yoon
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su San Yang
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyung Lee
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co, Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wol Soon Jo
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Jeong
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Oh
- Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Sun M, Moquet J, Lloyd D, Barnard S, Anbalagan S, Steel H, Sommer A, Gothard L, Somaiah N, Ainsbury E. Applicability of Scoring Calyculin A-Induced Premature Chromosome Condensation Objects for Dose Assessment Including for Radiotherapy Patients. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:143-153. [PMID: 37879308 PMCID: PMC10946622 DOI: 10.1159/000534656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As an extension to a previous study, a linear calibration curve covering doses from 0 to 10 Gy was constructed and evaluated in the present study using calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) by scoring excess PCC objects. The main aim of this study was to assess the applicability of this PCC assay for doses below 2 Gy that are critical for triage categorization. Two separate blind tests involving a total of 6 doses were carried out; 4 out of 6 dose estimates were within the 95% confidence limits (95% CL) with the other 2 just outside. In addition, blood samples from five cancer patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy (RT) were also analyzed, and the results showed whole-body dose estimates statistically comparable to the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) results. This is the first time that calyculin A-induced PCC was used to analyze clinical samples by scoring excess objects. Although dose estimates for the pre-RT patient samples were found to be significantly higher than the mean value for the healthy donors and were also significantly higher than those obtained using DCA, all these pre-treatment patients fell into the same category as those who may have received a low dose (<1 Gy) and do not require immediate medical care during emergency triage. Additionally, for radiological accidents with unknown exposure scenario, PCC objects and rings can be scored in parallel for the assessment of both low- and high-dose exposures. In conclusion, scoring excess objects using calyculin A-induced PCC is confirmed to be another potential biodosimetry tool in radiological emergency particularly in mass casualty scenarios, even though the data need to be interpreted with caution when cancer patients are among the casualties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Jayne Moquet
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Stephen Barnard
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
| | - Selvakumar Anbalagan
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Harriet Steel
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Aurore Sommer
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Lone Gothard
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
| | - Navita Somaiah
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), Sutton, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ainsbury
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Department of Radiation Effects, Cytogenetics and Pathology Group, RCEHD, Didcot, UK
- Environmental Research Group Within The School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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4
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Cai LH, Chen XY, Qian W, Liu CC, Yuan LJ, Zhang L, Nie C, Liu Z, Li Y, Li T, Liu MH. DDB2 and MDM2 genes are promising markers for radiation diagnosis and estimation of radiation dose independent of trauma and burns. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:294. [PMID: 37688632 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In the field of biodosimetry, the current accepted method for evaluating radiation dose fails to meet the need of rapid, large-scale screening, and most RNA marker-related studies of biodosimetry are concentrating on a single type of ray, while some other potential factors, such as trauma and burns, have not been covered. Microarray datasets that contain the data of human peripheral blood samples exposed to X-ray, neutron, and γ-ray radiation were obtained from the GEO database. Totally, 33 multi-type ray co-induced genes were obtained at first from the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and these genes were mainly enriched in DNA damage, cellular apoptosis, and p53 signaling pathway. Following transcriptome sequencing of blood samples from 11 healthy volunteers, 13 patients with severe burns, and 37 patients with severe trauma, 6635 trauma-related DEGs and 7703 burn-related DEGs were obtained. Through the exclusion method, a total of 12 radiation-specific genes independent of trauma and burns were identified. ROC curve analysis revealed that the DDB2 gene performed the best in diagnosis of all three types of ray radiation, while correlation analysis showed that the MDM2 gene was the best in assessment of radiation dose. The results of multiple-linear regression analysis indicated that such analysis could improve the accuracy in assessment of radiation dose. Moreover, the DDB2 and MDM2 genes remained effective in radiation diagnosis and assessment of radiation dose in an external dataset. In general, the study brings new insights into radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hu Cai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qian
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jia Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 30 Main Street, Gaotan Rock, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Bertucci A, Wilkins RC, Lachapelle S, Turner HC, Brenner DJ, Garty G. Comparison of Isolated Lymphocyte and Whole Blood-Based CBMN Assays for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:110-120. [PMID: 37573770 PMCID: PMC10859551 DOI: 10.1159/000533488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear/radiological event, there will be an important need for rapid and accurate estimation of absorbed dose for biological triage. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established and validated cytogenetic biomarker used to assess DNA damage in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe an intercomparison experiment between two biodosimetry laboratories, located at Columbia University (CU) and Health Canada (HC) that performed different variants of the human blood CBMN assay to reconstruct dose in human blood, with CU performing the assay on isolated lymphocytes and using semi-automated scoring whereas HC used the more conventional whole blood assay. Although the micronucleus yields varied significantly between the two assays, the predicted doses closely matched up to 4 Gy - the range from which the HC calibration curve was previously established. These results highlight the importance of a robust calibration curve(s) across a wide age range of donors that match the exposure scenario as closely as possible and that will account for differences in methodology between laboratories. We have seen that at low doses, variability in the results may be attributed to variation in the processing while at higher doses the variation is dominated by inter-individual variation in cell proliferation. This interlaboratory collaboration further highlights the usefulness of the CBMN endpoint to accurately reconstruct absorbed dose in human blood after ionizing radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Currently at: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Beaton-Green LA, Mayenburg JM, Marro L, Hassan EM, Cuadros Sanchez S, Darwish R, Lachapelle S, Adam N, Burtt JJ, Van Den Hanenberg C, Rodrigues MA, Wang Q, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Application of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay for High-Dose Exposures Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:131-142. [PMID: 37527635 DOI: 10.1159/000532124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a well-established method to assess radiation-induced genetic damage in human cells. This assay has been adapted to imaging flow cytometry (IFC), allowing automated analysis of many cells, and eliminating the need to create microscope slides. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of assay performance, a small-volume method previously developed was employed. Irradiated human blood samples were cultured, stained, and analyzed by IFC to produce images of the cells. Samples were run using both manual and 96-well plate automated acquisition. Multiple parameter-based image features were collected for each sample, and the results were compared to confirm that these acquisition methods are functionally identical. This paper details the multi-parametric analysis developed and the resulting calibration curves up to 10 Gy. The calibration curves were created using a quadratic random coefficient model with Poisson errors, as well as a logistic discriminant function. The curves were then validated with blinded, irradiated samples, using relative bias and relative mean square error. Overall, the accuracy of the dose estimates was adequate for triage dosimetry (within 1 Gy of the true dose) over 90% of the time for lower doses and about half the time for higher doses, with the lowest success rate between 5 and 6 Gy where the calibration curve reached its peak and there was the smallest change in MN/BNC with dose. This work describes the application of a novel multi-parametric analysis that fits the calibration curves and allows dose estimates up to 10 Gy, which were previously limited to 4 Gy. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the results from samples acquired manually and with the autosampler are functionally similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Mayenburg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonora Marro
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman M Hassan
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarita Cuadros Sanchez
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riham Darwish
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Adam
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie J Burtt
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyndi Van Den Hanenberg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lacombe J, Summers AJ, Khanishayan A, Khorsandian Y, Hacey I, Blackson W, Zenhausern F. Paper-Based Vertical Flow Immunoassay for the Point-of-Care Multiplex Detection of Radiation Dosimetry Genes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:178-186. [PMID: 37369178 PMCID: PMC10751381 DOI: 10.1159/000531702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In a nuclear or radiological incident, first responders must quickly and accurately measure radiation exposure among civilians as medical countermeasures are radiation dose-dependent and time-sensitive. Although several approaches have been explored to measure absorbed radiation dose, there is an important need to develop point-of-care (POC) bioassay devices that can be used immediately to triage thousands of individuals potentially exposed to radiation. Here we present a proof-of-concept study showing the use of a paper-based vertical flow immunoassay (VFI) to detect radiation dosimetry genes. Using labeled primers during amplification and a multiplex membrane, our results showed that the nucleic acid VFI can simultaneously detect two biodosimetry genes, CDKN1A and DDB2, as well as one housekeeping gene MRPS5. The assay demonstrated good linearity and precision with an inter- and intra-assay coefficient of variance <20% and <10%, respectively. Moreover, the assay showed its ability to discriminate non-irradiated controls (0 Gy) from irradiated samples (1 + 2 Gy) with an overall sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 100% (AUC = 0.8672, 95% CI: 0.723-1.000; p = 0.004). Interestingly, the gene combination also showed a dose-dependent response for 0, 1, and 2 Gy, similar to data obtained by real-time PCR benchmark. These preliminary results suggest that a VFI platform can be used to detect simultaneously multiple genes that can be then quantified, thus offering a new approach for a POC biodosimetry assay that could be rapidly deployed on-site to test a large population and help triage and medical management after radiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander J. Summers
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ashkan Khanishayan
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yasaman Khorsandian
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Isabella Hacey
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wyatt Blackson
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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8
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Vijayalakshmi J, Chaurasia RK, Srinivas KS, Vijayalakshmi K, Paul SF, Bhat N, Sapra B. Establishment of ex vivo calibration curve for X-ray induced "dicentric + ring" and micronuclei in human peripheral lymphocytes for biodosimetry during radiological emergencies, and validation with dose blinded samples. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17068. [PMID: 37484390 PMCID: PMC10361230 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern developing society, application of radiation has increased extensively. With significant improvement in the radiation protection practices, exposure to human could be minimized substantially, but cannot be avoided completely. Assessment of exposure is essential for regulatory decision and medical management as applicable. Until now, cytogenetic changes have served as surrogate marker of radiation exposure and have been extensively employed for biological dose estimation of various planned and unplanned exposures. Dicentric Chromosomal Aberration (DCA) is radiation specific and is considered as gold standard, micronucleus is not very specific to radiation and is considered as an alternative method for biodosimetry. In this study dose response curves were generated for X-ray induced "dicentric + ring" and micronuclei, in lymphocytes of three healthy volunteers [2 females (age 22, 23 years) and 1 male (24 year)]. The blood samples were irradiated with X-ray using LINAC (energy 6 MV, dose rate 6 Gy/min), in the dose range of 0-5Gy. Irradiated blood samples were cultured and processed to harvest metaphases, as per standard procedures recommended by International Atomic Energy Agency. Pooled data obtained from all the three volunteers, were in agreement with Poisson distribution for "dicentric + ring", however over dispersion was observed for micronuclei. Data ("dicentric + ring" and micronuclei) were fitted by linear quadratic model of the expression Y[bond, double bond]C + αD + βD2 using Dose Estimate software, version 5.2. The data fit has resulted in linear coefficient α = 0.0006 (±0.0068) "dicentric + ring" cell-1 Gy-1 and quadratic coefficient β = 0.0619 (±0.0043) "dicentric + ring" cell-1 Gy-2 for "dicentric + ring" and linear coefficient α = 0.0459 ± (0.0038) micronuclei cell-1 Gy-1 and quadratic coefficient β = 0.0185 ± (0.0010) micronuclei cell-1 Gy-2 for micronuclei, respectively. Background frequencies for "dicentric + ring" and micronuclei were 0.0006 ± 0.0004 and 0.0077 ± 0.0012 cell-1, respectively. Established curves were validated, by reconstructing the doses of 8 dose blinded samples (4 by DCA and 4 by CBMN) using coefficients generated here. Estimated doses were within the variation of 0.9-16% for "dicentric + ring" and 21.7-31.2% for micronuclei respectively. These established curves have potential to be employed for biodosimetry of occupational, clinical and accidental exposures, for initial triage and medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - K. Satish Srinivas
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - K. Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - Solomon F.D. Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, India
| | - N.N. Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
| | - B.K. Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India
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9
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Kannan N, Koshy T, Raavi V, Bhaskar E, Moorthy S, Pulivadula Mohanarangam VS, Srinivas Kondaveeti S, Visweswaran S, Perumal V. Candidate Gene Expression in Regional Population and Its Relevance for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:210-222. [PMID: 37253332 DOI: 10.1159/000531258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene expression signatures has been substantiated as a potential and rapid marker for radiation triage and biodosimetry during nuclear emergencies. Similar to the established biodosimetry assays, the gene expression assay has drawbacks such as being highly dynamic and transient, not specific to ionizing radiation, and also influenced by confounding factors such as gender, health status, lifestyle, and inflammation. In view of that, prior knowledge of baseline expression of certain candidate genes in a population could complement the discrimination of the unexposed from the exposed individuals without the need for individual pre-exposure controls. We intended to establish a baseline expression of reported radiation-responsive genes such as CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA in the blood samples of healthy human participants and then compare it with diabetic/hypertension participants (as a chronic inflammatory condition) drawn from south Indian population. Further, we have examined the appropriateness of the assay for radiation triage-like situations; i.e., the expression profiles of those genes were examined in the participants who underwent X-ray-based medical imaging. Acute inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure in the blood significantly increased the fold expression of those genes (p < 0.0001) compared to the control. Whereas the basal expression level of those genes among the participants with the inflammatory condition is marginally higher than those observed in the healthy participants; despite the excess, the fold increase in those genes between the groups did not differ significantly. Consistent with the inflammatory participants, the basal expression level of those genes in the blood sample of participants who received X-radiation during neuro-interventional and computed tomography imaging is marginally higher than those observed in the pre-exposure of respective groups. Nevertheless, the fold increase in those genes did not differ significantly as the fold change fell within the two folds. Thus, overall results suggest that the utility of CDKN1A, DDB2, FDXR, and PCNA gene expression for radiation triage specific after very low-dose radiation exposure needs to be interpreted with caution for a much more reliable triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Kannan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Teena Koshy
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkateswarlu Raavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Kolar, India
| | - Emmanuel Bhaskar
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Swathy Moorthy
- Department of General Medicine, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkata Sai Pulivadula Mohanarangam
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Satish Srinivas Kondaveeti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SRMC&RI, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Chennai, India
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10
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Lee Y, Jin YW, Seong KM, Wilkins RC, Jang S. Improving radiation dosimetry with an automated micronucleus scoring system: correction of automated scoring errors. Radiat Environ Biophys 2023:10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7. [PMID: 37195317 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation dose estimations performed by automated counting of micronuclei (MN) have been studied for their utility for triage following large-scale radiological incidents; although speed is essential, it also is essential to estimate radiation doses as accurately as possible for long-term epidemiological follow-up. Our goal in this study was to evaluate and improve the performance of automated MN counting for biodosimetry using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. We measured false detection rates and used them to improve the accuracy of dosimetry. The average false-positive rate for binucleated cells was 1.14%; average false-positive and -negative MN rates were 1.03% and 3.50%, respectively. Detection errors seemed to be correlated with radiation dose. Correction of errors by visual inspection of images used for automated counting, called the semi-automated and manual scoring method, increased accuracy of dose estimation. Our findings suggest that dose assessment of the automated MN scoring system can be improved by subsequent error correction, which could be useful for performing biodosimetry on large numbers of people rapidly, accurately, and efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Seongjae Jang
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Abend M, Ostheim P, Port M. Radiation-Induced Gene Expression Changes Used for Biodosimetry and Clinical Outcome Prediction: Challenges and Promises. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:223-230. [PMID: 37231879 DOI: 10.1159/000530947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the war in Ukraine progresses, the radiological and nuclear threat has never been as real as now. The formation of life-threatening acute radiation syndrome (ARS), in particular after the deployment of a nuclear weapon or an attack on a nuclear power station, must be considered realistic. ARS is caused by massive cell death, leading to functional organ deficits and, via systemic inflammatory responses, finally aggravates into multiple organ failure. As a deterministic effect, the severity of the disease dictates the clinical outcome. Hence, predicting ARS severity via biodosimetry or alternative approaches appears straightforward. Because the disease occurs delayed, therapy starting as early as possible has the most significant benefit. A clinically relevant diagnosis should be carried out within the diagnostic time window of about 3 days after exposure. Biodosimetry assays providing retrospective dose estimations within this time frame will support medical management decision-making. However, how closely can dose estimates be associated with the later developing ARS severity degrees when considering dose as one among other determinants of radiation exposure and cell death? From a clinical/triage point of view, ARS severity degrees can be further aggregated into unexposed, weakly diseased (no acute health effects expected), and strongly diseased patient groups, with the latter requiring hospitalization as well as an early and intensive treatment. Radiation-induced gene expression (GE) changes occur early after exposure and can be quickly quantified. GE can be used for biodosimetry purposes. Can GE be used to predict later developing ARS severity degrees and allocate individuals to the three clinically relevant groups as well?
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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12
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Mohaghegh Montazeri M, Taghipour F. Virtual prototyping and characterization of a point-of-entry UV-LED water disinfection reactor with the synergic effect of radiation, hydrodynamics, and inactivation kinetics. Water Res 2023; 230:119581. [PMID: 36638732 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed and studied one of the first high-flow UV-LED water disinfection reactors applicable to point-of-entry (POE) water disinfection. A multiphysics computational model was created to predict the performance of UV reactor design concepts by modeling the synergic effect of radiation, hydrodynamics, and the inactivation kinetics of microorganisms. The geometrical optics that describe light propagation in terms of rays were employed to model the radiation profile of multiple UV-LEDs with optical components in complex reactor geometries, the first account of such an approach. The computational solution of the mass, momentum, and species equations was applied to model the hydrodynamics and kinetics. We designed a reactor through a detailed computational study of the optical and hydrodynamic performance of various design strategies. Highly efficient UV fluence distribution in the reactor was achieved by creating nearly collimated UV radiation beams across the reactor and managing the hydrodynamics using a flow distributor. We fabricated a prototype of the optimized reactor design for experimental studies. Biodosimetry tests were conducted for various flow rates and UV transmittances (UVTs), and the experimental results were compared with the model predictions. The design, which employed 14 UV-LEDs assembled over custom-made optical modules, resulted in a reduction equivalent dose (RED) of 65 mJ/cm2 at a flow rate of 20 liters per minute (LPM) while consuming about 50 W energy. This reactor design required only 0.05 W radiant power per LPM flow rate to achieve an NSF Class A UV dose equivalent of 40 mJ/cm2. The findings of this study provide insights into UV-LED reactor development strategies as well as the creation and application of reactor virtual prototyping tools for designing and optimizing highly efficient UV-LED reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Mohaghegh Montazeri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Fariborz Taghipour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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13
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Sperle P, Mirlach A, Linden K, Hübner U, Drewes JE. An actinometric method to characterize performance of reflecting UVC reactors used for water treatment. Water Res 2023; 230:119543. [PMID: 36628868 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of chemical actinometry to characterize the fluence in UV reactors with reflections, non-parallel light, and variable water transmittance is limited due to the unknown effective path length or hydraulic shortcuts within the reactor. In this study, the effects of reflection and transmittance on actinometry were examined and a new, optimized and easy method for determining fluence was developed. KI/KIO3 and uridine actinometry experiments were carried out under controlled conditions using a collimated beam apparatus and a completely mixed batch reactor with or without diffuse reflection and compared to biodosimetry results. Whereas optically opaque actinometers such as KI/KIO3 are not directly capable of predicting the fluence of reflecting reactors, the results of uridine actinometry are influenced by reflection and transmission. To precisely predict the fluence rate in UV reactors with uridine, knowledge about the effective optical path length of the light is needed. Here, an existing method to mathematically calculate the optical path length was adopted and optimized for uridine actinometry. Results for average fluence were validated by biodosimetry using MS2 phages under different degrees of reflection and transmission. It could be shown that by modifying the bottom of the reactor with diffusely reflecting polytetrafluoroethylene foil, the fluence rate was increased by a factor of approximately 2.6 and the path length by factor of 2.4. When only half of the bottom was covered with reflective foil, fluence rate increased by a factor of 1.8 and path length by 1.8. Although this new approach cannot replace biodosimetry, to predict the fluence distribution received by microorganisms, it can provide means to characterize more complex reactor designs, validate results of advanced reactor modeling, and quantify fluence for non-parallel irradiation and reflective light, especially for the application of high fluence (e.g., advanced oxidation processes), where biodosimetry may be too sensitive. Further, comparing the fluence obtained with actinometry to the results of biodosimetry might qualitatively indicate hydraulic short cuts or unideal fluence distributions for flow-through reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sperle
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - A Mirlach
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - K Linden
- Dept. of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - U Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - J E Drewes
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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14
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Samarth RM, Gandhi P, Chaudhury NK. Linear dose response of acrocentric chromosome associations to gamma irradiation in human lymphocytes. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:182-191. [PMID: 35925202 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-01978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of acrocentric chromosome associations (ACA) was studied to determine the possible dose-response relationship of gamma irradiation in human lymphocytes. METHODS Peripheral blood collected from three healthy donors was irradiated with 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Gy of gamma radiation. Chromosomal preparations were made after 48 h of culture as per standard guidelines. The experiment was repeated three times, with a different donor each time. RESULTS The ACA frequency in irradiated lymphocytes increased with radiation dose. The D-G type of association was most prominent and showed a significant dose-dependent increase in frequency. The dose response of ACA frequency to radiation was found to be linear: ACA frequency = 0.2923 (±0.0276) + 0.1846 (±0.0307) × D (correlation coefficient r = 0.9442). As expected, dicentric chromosome (DC) frequencies followed the linear quadratic fit model, with DC frequency = 0.0015 (±0.0013) + 0.0220 (±0.0059) × D + 0.0215 (±0.0018) × D^2 (correlation coefficient r = 0.9982). A correlation curve was prepared for ACA frequency versus DC frequency, resulting in the regression equation y = 1.130x + 0.4051 (R2 = 0.7408; p = 0.0014). CONCLUSION Our results showed an increase in ACA frequency in irradiated lymphocytes with an increase in radiation dose; thus, ACA may serve as a candidate cytogenetic biomarker for radiation biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, ICMR-Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre (ICMR-BMHRC), Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, 462038, Bhopal, India.
| | - Puneet Gandhi
- Department of Research, ICMR-Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre (ICMR-BMHRC), Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, 462038, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabo Kumar Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, 110054, Delhi, India
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15
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Wilkins RC, Rodrigues M, Beaton-Green LA. The Imaging Flow Cytometry-Based Cytokinesis-Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2635:103-122. [PMID: 37074659 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The dose of ionizing radiation received by an individual can be determined using biodosimetry methods which measure biomarkers of exposure in tissue samples from that individual. These markers can be expressed in many ways, including DNA damage and repair processes. Following a mass casualty event involving radiological or nuclear material, it is important to rapidly provide this information to medical responders to assist in the medical management of potentially exposed casualties. Traditional methods of biodosimetry rely on microscope analysis, making them time-consuming and labor-intensive. To increase sample throughput following a large-scale radiological mass casualty event, several biodosimetry assays have been adapted for analysis by imaging flow cytometry. This chapter briefly reviews these methods with a focus on the most current methodology to identify and quantify micronuclei in binucleated cells within the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using an imaging flow cytometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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16
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Arthur Augusto de Castro P, Augusto Dias D, Del-Valle M, Noronha Veloso M, Sebastiana Ribeiro Somessari E, Maria Zezell D. Assessment of bone dose response using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: A potential method for biodosimetry. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 273:120900. [PMID: 35220053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health care application of ionizing radiation has expanded worldwide during the last several decades. While the health impacts of ionizing radiation improved patient care, inaccurate handling of radiation technology is more prone to potential health risks. Therefore, the present study characterizes the bone dose response using bovine femurs from a slaughterhouse. The gamma irradiation was designed into low-doses (0.002, 0.004 and 0.007 kGy) and high-doses (1, 10, 15, 25, 35, 50 and 60 kGy), all samples received independent doses. The combination of FTIR spectroscopy and PLS-DA allows the detection of differences in the control group and the ionizing dose, as well as distinguishing between high and low radiation doses. In this way, our findings contribute to future studies of the dose response to track ionizing radiation effects on biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Derly Augusto Dias
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Del-Valle
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Noronha Veloso
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Denise Maria Zezell
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN - CNEN, 05508-000, Brazil.
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17
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Vicar T, Gumulec J, Kolar R, Kopecna O, Pagacova E, Falkova I, Falk M. DeepFoci: Deep learning-based algorithm for fast automatic analysis of DNA double-strand break ionizing radiation-induced foci. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 19:6465-6480. [PMID: 34976305 PMCID: PMC8668444 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), marked by ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci (IRIFs), are the most serious DNA lesions and are dangerous to human health. IRIF quantification based on confocal microscopy represents the most sensitive and gold-standard method in radiation biodosimetry and allows research on DSB induction and repair at the molecular and single-cell levels. In this study, we introduce DeepFoci - a deep learning-based fully automatic method for IRIF counting and morphometric analysis. DeepFoci is designed to work with 3D multichannel data (trained for 53BP1 and γH2AX) and uses U-Net for nucleus segmentation and IRIF detection, together with maximally stable extremal region-based IRIF segmentation. The proposed method was trained and tested on challenging datasets consisting of mixtures of nonirradiated and irradiated cells of different types and IRIF characteristics - permanent cell lines (NHDFs, U-87) and primary cell cultures prepared from tumors and adjacent normal tissues of head and neck cancer patients. The cells were dosed with 0.5-8 Gy γ-rays and fixed at multiple (0-24 h) postirradiation times. Under all circumstances, DeepFoci quantified the number of IRIFs with the highest accuracy among current advanced algorithms. Moreover, while the detection error of DeepFoci remained comparable to the variability between two experienced experts, the software maintained its sensitivity and fidelity across dramatically different IRIF counts per nucleus. In addition, information was extracted on IRIF 3D morphometric features and repair protein colocalization within IRIFs. This approach allowed multiparameter IRIF categorization of single- or multichannel data, thereby refining the analysis of DSB repair processes and classification of patient tumors, with the potential to identify specific cell subclones. The developed software improves IRIF quantification for various practical applications (radiotherapy monitoring, biodosimetry, etc.) and opens the door to advanced DSB focus analysis and, in turn, a better understanding of (radiation-induced) DNA damage and repair.
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Key Words
- 53BP1, P53-binding protein 1
- Biodosimetry
- CNN, convolutional neural network
- Confocal Microscopy
- Convolutional Neural Network
- DNA Damage and Repair
- DSB, DNA double-strand break
- Deep Learning
- FOV, field of view
- GUI, graphical user interface
- IRIF, ionizing radiation-induced (repair) foci
- Image Analysis
- Ionizing Radiation-Induced Foci (IRIFs)
- MSER, maximally stable extremal region (algorithm)
- Morphometry
- NHDFs, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- RAD51, DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1
- U-87, U-87 glioblastoma cell line
- γH2AX, histone H2AX phosphorylated at serine 139
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vicar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic.,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kolar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kopecna
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pagacova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Falkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Sun Z, Li M, Li W, Qiang Z. A review of the fluence determination methods for UV reactors: Ensuring the reliability of UV disinfection. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131488. [PMID: 34303911 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is a green and effective technique that has been widely applied in water disinfection. The reliability of UV disinfection is an important issue, in which the aim is to ensure the delivery of adequate real-time fluence in a UV reactor. Unlike chemical disinfection systems whose disinfection dose can be directly measured with disinfectant residuals, UV is a physical process and the determination of fluence is complicated in practical reactors. To date, several fluence determination methods have been developed, including conventional methods such as biodosimetry and model simulation, as well as emerging methods such as dyed microsphere method and the model-detector method. However, a systematic and comprehensive review of these methods is still needed to discuss the attributes and application scenarios of each method. In this review, we summarized the principal theories, procedures, applications, and pros/cons of these fluence determination methods. Further, the selection and application of appropriate fluence determination methods were discussed based on different purposes (e.g., feedbacks for reactor design, evidence for third-party validation, as well as on-site determination and long-term monitoring of fluence). Overall, this review could provide useful information and new insights regarding the application of current fluence determination methods to ensure the reliability of UV disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mengkai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhimin Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuang-qing Road, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yu-quan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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19
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Bastiani I, McMahon SJ, Turner P, Redmond KM, McGarry CK, Cole A, O'Sullivan JM, Prise KM, Ainsbury L, Anderson R. Dose estimation after a mixed field exposure: Radium-223 and intensity modulated radiotherapy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 106-107:10-20. [PMID: 34968973 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radium-223 dichloride ([223Ra]RaCl2), a radiopharmaceutical that delivers α-particles to regions of bone metastatic disease, has been proven to improve overall survival of men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). mCRPC patients enrolled on the ADRRAD clinical trial are treated with a mixed field exposure comprising radium-223 (223Ra) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). While absorbed dose estimation is an important step in the characterisation of wider systemic radiation risks in nuclear medicine, uncertainties remain for novel radiopharmaceuticals such as 223Ra. METHODS 24-Colour karyotyping was used to quantify the spectrum of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of ADRRAD patients at incremental times during their treatment. Dicentric equivalent frequencies were used in standard models for estimation of absorbed blood dose. To account for the mixed field nature of the treatment, existing models were used to determine the ratio of the component radiation types. Additionally, a new approach (M-FISHLET), based on the ratio of cells containing damage consistent with high-LET exposure (complex chromosomal exchanges) and low-LET exposure (simple exchanges), was used as a pseudo ratio for 223Ra:IMRT dose. RESULTS Total IMRT estimated doses delivered to the blood after completion of mixed radiotherapy (after 37 IMRT fractions and two [223Ra]RaCl2 injections) were in the range of 1.167 ± 0.092 and 2.148 ± 0.096 Gy (dose range across all models applied). By the last treatment cycle analysed in this study (four [223Ra]RaCl2 injections), the total absorbed 223Ra dose to the blood was estimated to be between 0.024 ± 0.027 and 0.665 ± 0.080 Gy, depending on the model used. Differences between the models were observed, with the observed dose variance coming from inter-model as opposed to inter-patient differences. The M-FISHLET model potentially overestimates the 223Ra absorbed blood dose by accounting for further PBL exposure in the vicinity of metastatic sites. CONCLUSIONS The models presented provide initial estimations of cumulative dose received during incremental IMRT fractions and [223Ra]RaCl2 injections, which will enable improved understanding of the doses received by individual patients. While the M-FISHLET method builds on a well-established technique for external exposures, further consideration is needed to evaluate this method and its use in assessing non-targeted exposure by 223Ra after its localization at bone metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bastiani
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Philip Turner
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Kelly M Redmond
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Aidan Cole
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Liz Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical & Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Rhona Anderson
- Centre for Health Effects of Radiological and Chemical Agents, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Mucaki EJ, Shirley BC, Rogan PK. Improved radiation expression profiling in blood by sequential application of sensitive and specific gene signatures. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:924-941. [PMID: 34699300 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combinations of expressed genes can discriminate radiation-exposed from normal control blood samples by machine learning (ML) based signatures (with 8-20% misclassification rates). These signatures can quantify therapeutically relevant as well as accidental radiation exposures. The prodromal symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) overlap those present in influenza and dengue fever infections. Surprisingly, these human radiation signatures misclassified gene expression profiles of virally infected samples as false positive exposures. The present study investigates these and other confounders, and then mitigates their impact on signature accuracy. METHODS This study investigated recall by previous and novel radiation signatures independently derived from multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets on common and rare non-neoplastic blood disorders and blood-borne infections (thromboembolism, S. aureus bacteremia, malaria, sickle cell disease, polycythemia vera, and aplastic anemia). Normalized expression levels of signature genes are used as input to ML-based classifiers to predict radiation exposure in other hematological conditions. RESULTS Except for aplastic anemia, these blood-borne disorders modify the normal baseline expression values of genes present in radiation signatures, leading to false-positive misclassification of radiation exposures in 8-54% of individuals. Shared changes, predominantly in DNA damage response and apoptosis-related gene transcripts in radiation and confounding hematological conditions, compromise the utility of these signatures for radiation assessment. These confounding conditions (sickle cell disease, thrombosis, S. aureus bacteremia, malaria) induce neutrophil extracellular traps, initiated by chromatin decondensation, DNA damage response and fragmentation followed by programmed cell death or extrusion of DNA fragments. Riboviral infections (e.g. influenza or dengue fever) have been proposed to bind and deplete host RNA binding proteins, inducing R-loops in chromatin. R-loops that collide with incoming replication forks can result in incompletely repaired DNA damage, inducing apoptosis and releasing mature virus. To mitigate the effects of confounders, we evaluated predicted radiation-positive samples with novel gene expression signatures derived from radiation-responsive transcripts encoding secreted blood plasma proteins whose expression levels are unperturbed by these conditions. CONCLUSIONS This approach identifies and eliminates misclassified samples with underlying hematological or infectious conditions, leaving only samples with true radiation exposures. Diagnostic accuracy is significantly improved by selecting genes that maximize both sensitivity and specificity in the appropriate tissue using combinations of the best signatures for each of these classes of signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseos J Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Peter K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,CytoGnomix Inc., London, Canada
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21
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Hayes JM, Olson JD, Chino Y, Bourland JD, Cline JM, Johnson TE. Pseudo Pelger-Huët anomalies as potential biomarkers for acute exposure radiation dose in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:913-923. [PMID: 34699313 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1998708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The potential for malicious use of radiation, or radiation accidents could potentially lead to acute, high radiation doses to the public. Following acute accidental exposure to high doses of radiation, medical intervention is pivotal to the survivability of the patient, and the sooner the appropriate measures are taken the better the odds for survival. Early estimates of acute accidental radiation doses can be determined via biomarkers such as dicentric chromosome analysis or scenario reconstruction using computer software. However, both take valuable time and can be expensive. Increased frequencies of abnormal neutrophils in peripheral blood, referred to as pseudo Pelger-Huët anomalies (PPHAs), have been shown to be potential biomarkers of radiation exposure in several scenarios, including the 1958 Y-12 criticality accident and the radium dial painters. PPHAs are potentially a faster and cheaper quantitative biomarker for radiation exposure, and here they were evaluated in acutely exposed rhesus macaques. METHODS AND MATERIALS Peripheral blood smears from acutely exposed rhesus macaques were evaluated for the percentage of neutrophils that displayed the PPHA morphology using light microscopy. Irradiated animals received 0 to 8.5 Gy total body radiation using one of two strategies: (1) linear accelerator-produced 6 MV photons delivered at 80 cGy/minute; or (2) Cobalt 60-produced gamma irradiation delivered at 60 cGy/min. Zero dose animals were used to determine a baseline percentage of PPHAs, and blood smears taken periodically throughout the lifetime of exposed animals post-irradiation were used to determine the persistence and biokinetics of PPHAs. RESULTS The baseline prevalence of the PPHA in rhesus macaques was determined to be 0.58 ± 0.46%. The dose-response curve with doses ranging from 0 Gy to 8.5 Gy (LD90/30) displayed a strong positive correlation between PPHA percentage and acute radiation dose (R2 of 0.88 p = 3.62 × 10-22). Statistically significant differences were found when animals were separated into dose cohorts of 0, 4, 6.4-6.5, and 8-8.5 Gy. The biokinetics model utilized only 4 Gy exposures and blood smears taken periodically over 3.1 years post-irradiation. PPHA morphology increases quickly following irradiation and appears stable over 3.1 years post-irradiation. CONCLUSION PPHA morphology was confirmed to be present in rhesus macaques, a dose-response relationship was constructed, and it is stable over 3 years post-irradiation. This study demonstrates that PPHA analysis can be a fast and cheap method of biodosimetry. Future studies will work to determine the accuracy of dose determination and lower limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Hayes
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Biological Dosimetry Model Laboratory, Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - John D Olson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yuiko Chino
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Daniel Bourland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - J Mark Cline
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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22
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Amula S, Rao T S, B V, Kumar A AA. Translocation dose-response curve for 137Cs γ-rays: Dose validation at various dose rate and changing dose rate conditions. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2021; 870-871:503406. [PMID: 34583822 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) based translocation dose-response curve has been constructed for biodosimetry application in our nuclear establishment at Kalpakkam, India. Peripheral blood sample from a healthy male donor (27 years) was exposed to nine different doses (0.1 Gy-5 Gy) of 137Cs γ-rays (100 mGy/min) in an automated calibration facility with a linear distancing system and subjected to FISH assay using chromosome 1, 2 and 4 specific fluorescent probes. Validation of the dose-response curve was done following three different approaches i) by blind test method ii) using blood samples exposed to γ doses (0.5, 1 & 2 Gy) at different dose rates (124, 23 & 10 mGy/min) and iii) with blood samples exposed to 0.5, 1 & 2 Gy γ doses at changing dose rates (increasing and decreasing dose rates). Results showed that a predefined dose-response curve constructed at a particular acute dose rate can be used for dose estimation in exposures involving varying dose rates and changing dose rate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saitya Amula
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, India; Radiological and Environment Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Subba Rao T
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakthi Nagar, Mumbai, India; Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (F), Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Venkatraman B
- Radiological and Environment Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Arul Anantha Kumar A
- Radiological and Environment Safety Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu, India.
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23
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Lee YH, Lee Y, Yoon HJ, Yang SS, Joo HM, Kim JY, Cho SJ, Jo WS, Jeong SK, Oh SJ, Kang YR, Seong KM. An intercomparison exercise to compare scoring criteria and develop image databank for biodosimetry in South Korea. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1199-1205. [PMID: 34133255 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutual cooperation of biodosimetry laboratories is required for dose assessments of large numbers of people with potential radiation exposure, as in mass casualty accidents. We launched an intercomparison exercise to validate the performance of biodosimetry laboratories in South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participating laboratories shared metaphase images from dicentric chromosome assays (DCAs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based translocation assays, which were evaluated based on their own scoring protocols. RESULTS Overall, the coefficient of variation among three laboratories was less than 10% for counting scorable metaphases and chromosomal aberrations. However, there was variation in the interpretation of the International Atomic Energy Agency guidelines for selecting scorable metaphases and identifying chromosomal aberrations. In a technical workshop, scoring discrepancies were extensively discussed in order to harmonize biodosimetry protocols in Korea. In addition, metaphase images with agreement among all participating laboratories were compiled into an image databank, which can be used for education and training of scorers. CONCLUSIONS These findings and exercises may improve the accuracy of dose assessment, as well as increase the capacity for biodosimetry in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hee Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jin Yoon
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su San Yang
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Mi Joo
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co, Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co, Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Cho
- Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co, Radiation Health Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wol Soon Jo
- Department of Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Jeong
- Department of Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Oh
- Department of Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Rok Kang
- Department of Research Center, Dong Nam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Lab of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center (NREMC), Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Lin WC, Chang KW, Liao TZ, Ou Yang FY, Chang TJ, Yuan MC, Wilkins RC, Chang CH. Intercomparison of conventional and QuickScan dicentric scoring for the validation of individual biodosimetry analysis in Taiwan. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:916-925. [PMID: 34003708 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1928789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), the gold standard for radiation biodosimetry, evaluates an individual absorbed radiation dose by the analysis of DNA damage in human lymphocytes. The conventional (C-DCA) and QuickScan (QS-DCA) scoring methods are sensitive for estimating radiation dose. The Biodosimetry Laboratory at Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER), Taiwan, participated in intercomparison exercises conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2014, 2015 and 2018 to validate the laboratory's accuracy and performance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples for the conventional dose response curve for Taiwan were irradiated with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Gy. Ten blind blood samples were provided by HC. Either or both of two methods of conventional (C) or QuickScan (QS) scoring could be chosen for the HC's intercomparison. For C-DCA triage scoring, only cells with 46 centromeres were counted and each scorer recorded the number of dicentrics in the first 50 metaphases or stopped scoring when 30 dicentrics were reached. Scorers also recorded how much time it took to analyze 10, 20, and 50 cells. Subsequently, the data were entered into the Dose Estimate software (DoseEstimate_v5.1) and dose estimates were calculated. With QS-DCA scoring, a minimum of 50 metaphase cells (or 30 dicentrics) were scored in apparently complete metaphases without verification of exactly 46 centromeres. RESULTS For the blinded blood samples irradiated at HC and shipped to INER, the mean absolute deviation (MAD) derived after scoring 50 cells for C-DCA and QS-DCA was <0.5 Gy for all three intercomparisons, meeting the criteria for acceptance. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the Biodosimetry Laboratory at INER can provide reliable dose estimates in the case of a large-scale radiation accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Lin
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Zung Liao
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Ou Yang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Jung Chang
- Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chen Yuan
- Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chih-Hsien Chang
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Aerts A, Eberlein U, Holm S, Hustinx R, Konijnenberg M, Strigari L, van Leeuwen FWB, Glatting G, Lassmann M. EANM position paper on the role of radiobiology in nuclear medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3365-3377. [PMID: 33912987 PMCID: PMC8440244 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Aerts
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sören Holm
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roland Hustinx
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, University Hospital of Liège, GIGA-CRC in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mark Konijnenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Medical Physics Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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26
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Chaurasia RK, Bhat NN, Gaur N, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Sapra BK. Establishment and multiparametric-cytogenetic validation of 60Co-gamma-ray induced, phospho-gamma-H2AX calibration curve for rapid biodosimetry and triage management during radiological emergencies. Mutat Res 2021; 866:503354. [PMID: 33985694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is unavoidable to our modern developing society as its applications are widespread and increasing with societal development. The exposures may be planned as in medical applications or may be unplanned as in occupational work and radiological emergencies. Dose quantification of planned and unplanned exposures is essential to make crucial decisions for management of such exposures. This study aims to establish ex-vivo dose-response curve for 60Co-gamma-ray induced gamma-H2AX-foci by immunofluorescence using microscopy and flowcytometry with human lymphocytes. This technique has the potential to serve as a rapid tool for dose estimation and triage application during small to large scale radiological emergencies and clinical exposures. Response curves were generated for the dose range 0-4 Gy (at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation after irradiation) with microscopy and 0-8 Gy (at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h of incubation after irradiation) with flow cytometry. These curves can be applied for dose reconstruction when post exposure sampling is delayed up to 96 h. In order to evaluate Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) of the assay, variation of background frequency of gamma-H2AX-foci was measured in 12 volunteers. To understand the application window of the assay, gamma-H2AX foci decay kinetics has been studied up to 96 h with microscopy and response curves were generated from 1 to 96 hours post exposure. Gamma-H2AX fluorescence intensity decay kinetics was also studied up to 96 h with flow cytometry and response curves were generated from 2 to 24 hours post irradiation. Established curves were validated with dose blinded samples and also compared with standard cytogenetic assays. An inter-comparison of dose estimates was made among gamma-H2AX assay, dicentric aberrations and reciprocal translocations for application window in various dose ranges and time of blood collection after exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - N N Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Neeraj Gaur
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - K B Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - U N Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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27
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Ventura JA, Donoghue JF, Nowell CJ, Cann LM, Day LRJ, Smyth LML, Forrester HB, Rogers PAW, Crosbie JC. The γH2AX DSB marker may not be a suitable biodosimeter to measure the biological MRT valley dose. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:642-656. [PMID: 33617395 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1893854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE γH2AX biodosimetry has been proposed as an alternative dosimetry method for microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) because conventional dosimeters, such as ionization chambers, lack the spatial resolution required to accurately measure the MRT valley dose. Here we investigated whether γH2AX biodosimetry should be used to measure the biological valley dose of MRT-irradiated mammalian cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We irradiated human skin fibroblasts and mouse skin flaps with synchrotron MRT and broad beam (BB) radiation. BB doses of 1-5 Gy were used to generate a calibration curve in order to estimate the biological MRT valley dose using the γH2AX assay. RESULTS Our key finding was that MRT induced a non-linear dose response compared to BB, where doses 2-3 times greater showed the same level of DNA DSB damage in the valley in cell and tissue studies. This indicates that γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter to estimate the biological valley doses of MRT-irradiated samples. We also established foci yields of 5.9 ± 0.04 and 27.4 ± 2.5 foci/cell/Gy in mouse skin tissue and human fibroblasts respectively, induced by BB. Using Monte Carlo simulations, a linear dose response was seen in cell and tissue studies and produced predicted peak-to-valley dose ratios (PVDRs) of ∼30 and ∼107 for human fibroblasts and mouse skin tissue respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our report highlights novel MRT radiobiology, attempts to explain why γH2AX may not be an appropriate biodosimeter and suggests further studies aimed at revealing the biological and cellular communication mechanisms that drive the normal tissue sparing effect, which is characteristic of MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Ventura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Donoghue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonie M Cann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Liam R J Day
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lloyd M L Smyth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Peter A W Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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28
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Raavi V, Perumal V, F D Paul S. Potential application of γ-H2AX as a biodosimetry tool for radiation triage. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2021; 787:108350. [PMID: 34083048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation triage and biological dosimetry are two initial steps in the medical management of exposed individuals following radiological accidents. Well established biodosimetry methods such as the dicentric (DC) assay, micronucleus (MN) assay, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay (for residual damage) have been used for this purpose for several decades. Recent advances in scoring methodology and networking among established laboratories have increased triage capacity; however, these methods still have limitations in analysing large sample numbers, particularly because of the ∼ 48 h minimum culture time required prior to analysis. Hence, there is a need for simple, and high throughput markers to identify exposed individuals in case of radiological/nuclear emergencies. In recent years, a few markers were identified, one being phosphorylated histone 2AX (γ-H2AX), which measured a nuclear foci or nuclear staining intensity that was found to be suitable for triage. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci formed at and around the sites of DNA double-strand breaks is a rapid and sensitive biodosimetry method which does not require culturing and is thus promising for the analysis of a large number of samples. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments of γ-H2AX assay in radiation triage and biodosimetry, focusing chiefly on: i) the importance of baseline frequency and reported values among different laboratories, ii) the influence of known and unknown variables on dose estimation, iii) quality assurance such as inter-laboratory comparison between scorers and scoring methods, and iv) current limitations and potential for future development.
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29
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Güçlü İ. Cytogenetic follow-up of an individual after accidental exposure to industrial radiation using dicentric frequency in blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2020; 861-862:503276. [PMID: 33551095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A radiation accident occurred in Bursa, Turkey, in July 2005. An industrial radiographer was exposed to industrial iridium-192 gamma rays for 5 h while laying the natural gas line. After 5 h, the victim had a break because of vomiting and nausea. He ended his work, considering that he might have been exposed to radiation. In a few days, erythema, pain, desquamation, edema started in both hands of the victim. The biological dose assessment was started based on frequencies of dicentrics and rings in peripheral blood lymphocytes ten days after the radiation accident. 6 repeated blood samples were taken for 9 years and analyzed staining after giemsa. After 9 years, decline at dicentric frequencies is significant, but still, dicentric contain cells were detected, which were a strong indicator for external radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- İnci Güçlü
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Technology Development Department, Yarımburgaz mah. Nükleer araşxtırma yolu, No: 10, 34303 Küçükçekmece, Istanbul, Turkey.
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30
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Biolatti V, Negrin L, Bellora N, Ibañez IL. High-throughput meta-analysis and validation of differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers of ionizing radiation-response. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:21-28. [PMID: 32931891 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The high-throughput analysis of gene expression in ionizing radiation (IR)-exposed human peripheral white blood cells (WBC) has emerged as a novel method for biodosimetry markers detection. We aimed to detect IR-exposure differential expressed genes (DEGs) as potential predictive biomarkers for biodosimetry and radioinduced-response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of raw data from public microarrays of ex vivo low linear energy transfer-irradiated human peripheral WBC. Functional enrichment and transcription factors (TF) detection from resulting DEGs were assessed. Six selected DEGs among studies were validated by qRT-PCR on mRNA from human peripheral blood samples from nine healthy human donors 24 h after ex vivo X-rays-irradiation. RESULTS We identified 275 DEGs after IR-exposure (parameters: |lfc| ≥ 0.7, q value <0.05), enriched in processes such as regulation after IR-exposure, DNA damage checkpoint, signal transduction by p53 and mitotic cell cycle checkpoint. Among these DEGs, DRAM1, NUDT15, PCNA, PLK2 and TIGAR were selected for qRT-PCR validation. Their expression levels significantly increased at 1-4 Gy respect to non-irradiated controls. Particularly, PCNA increased dose dependently. Curiously, TCF4 (Entrez Gene: 6925), detected as overrepresented TF in the radioinduced DEGs set, significantly decreased post-irradiation. CONCLUSION These six DEGs show potential to be proposed as candidates for IR-exposure biomarkers, considering their observed molecular radioinduced-response. Among them, TCF4, bioinformatically detected, was validated herein as an IR-responsive gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Biolatti
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Bariloche Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Integral Center - Institute of Nuclear Technologies for Health Foundation (INTECNUS); Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Lara Negrin
- National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Bariloche Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy Integral Center - Institute of Nuclear Technologies for Health Foundation (INTECNUS); Laboratory of Radiobiology and Biodosimetry, S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Nicolás Bellora
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Technical Center CONICET - North Patagonia, Patagonian Andean Institute of Biological and Geo-Environmental Technologies (IPATEC), S.C. de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Irene L Ibañez
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Institute of Nanocience and Nanotechnology (INN), Constituyentes Node (C1425FQB), CABA, Argentina; National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), Constituyentes Atomic Center, Research and Applications Management, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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31
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Zahnreich S, Rösler HP, Schwanbeck C, Karle H, Schmidberger H. Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in peripheral leukocytes and therapeutic response of heel spur patients treated by orthovoltage X-rays or a linear accelerator. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1116-27. [PMID: 32651595 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Biodosimetric assessment and comparison of radiation-induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks (DSBs) by γH2AX immunostaining in peripheral leukocytes of patients with painful heel spur after radiation therapy (RT) with orthovoltage X‑rays or a 6-MV linear accelerator (linac). The treatment response for each RT technique was monitored as a secondary endpoint. Patients and methods 22 patients were treated either with 140-kV orthovoltage X‑rays (n = 11) or a 6-MV linac (n = 11) with two weekly fractions of 0.5 Gy for 3 weeks. In both scenarios, the dose was prescribed to the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) dose reference point. Blood samples were obtained before and 30 min after the first RT session. γH2AX foci were quantified by immunofluorescence microscopy to assess the yield of DSBs at the basal level and after radiation exposure ex vivo or in vivo. The treatment response was assessed before and 3 months after RT using a five-level functional calcaneodynia score. Results RT for painful heel spurs induced a very mild but significant increase of γH2AX foci in patients’ leukocytes. No difference between the RT techniques was observed. High and comparable therapeutic responses were documented for both treatment modalities. This trial was terminated preliminarily after an interim analysis (22 patients randomized). Conclusion Low-dose RT for painful heel spurs with orthovoltage X‑rays or a 6-MV linac is an effective treatment option associated with a very low and comparable radiation burden to the patient, as confirmed by biodosimetric measurements.
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32
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Herate C, Sabatier L. Retrospective biodosimetry techniques: Focus on cytogenetics assays for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2020; 783:108287. [PMID: 32192645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of physical data, biodosimetry tools are required for fast dose and risk assessment in the event of radiological or nuclear mass accidents or attacks to triage exposed humans and take immediate medical countermeasures. Biodosimetry tools have mostly been developed for retrospective dose assessment and the follow-up of victims of irradiation. Among them, cytogenetics analyses, to reveal chromosome damage, are the most developed and allow the determination of doses from blood samples as low as 100 mGy. Various cytogenetic tests have already allowed retrospective dose assessment of Chernobyl liquidators and military personnel exposed to nuclear tests after decades. In this review, we discuss the properties of various biodosimetry techniques, such as their sensitivity and limitations as a function of the time from exposure, using multiple examples of nuclear catastrophes or working exposure. Among them, chromosome FISH hybridization, which reveals chromosome translocations, is the most reliable due to the persistence of translocations for decades, whereas dicentric chromosome and micronuclei assays allow rapid and accurate dose assessment a short time after exposure. Both need to be adjusted through mathematical algorithms for retrospective analyses, accounting for the time since exposure and the victims' age. The goal for the future will be to better model chromosome damage, reduce the time to result, and develop new complementary biodosimetry approaches, such as mutation signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herate
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), University Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Sabatier
- PROCyTox, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), University Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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Abstract
Purpose: To introduce optimal experimental design techniques in the cytogenetic biological dosimetry practice. This includes the development of a new optimality criterion for the calibration of radiation doses.Materials and methods: The most typical optimal design criterion and the one developed in this research are introduced and applied in an example from the literature. In another example from the literature, a simulation study has been performed to compare the standard error of the dose estimation using different experimental designs. An RStudio project and a GitHub project have been developed to reproduce these results.Results: In the paper, it is observed that the application of optimal experimental design techniques can reduce the standard error of biodosimetric dose estimations.Conclusions: Optimal experimental design techniques jointly with practitioners' requirements may be applied. This practice would not involve an additional laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Higueras
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Computación, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Howes
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Data Science Area, Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Fidalgo
- Instituto de Ciencia de los Datos e Inteligencia Artificial, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Wang Q, Pujol-Canadell M, Taveras M, Garty G, Perrier J, Bueno-Beti C, Shuryak I, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. DNA damage response in peripheral mouse blood leukocytes in vivo after variable, low-dose rate exposure. Radiat Environ Biophys 2020; 59:89-98. [PMID: 31897603 PMCID: PMC7441378 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and ingestion of the radionuclide Cesium-137 (137Cs) is a large concern in fallout from a nuclear reactor accident or improvised nuclear device, and highlights the need to develop biological assays for low-dose rate, internal emitter radiation. To mimic low-dose rates attributable to fallout, we have developed a VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR (VADER), which can provide arbitrarily varying and progressive low-dose rate irradiations in the range of 0.1-1.2 Gy/day, while circumventing the complexities of dealing with radioactively contaminated biomaterials. We investigated the kinetics of mouse peripheral leukocytes DNA damage response in vivo after variable, low-dose rate 137Cs exposure. C57BL/6 mice were placed in the VADER over 7 days with total accumulated dose up to 2.7 Gy. Peripheral blood response including the leukocyte depletion, apoptosis as well as its signal protein p53 and DNA repair biomarker γ-H2AX was measured. The results illustrated that blood leukocyte numbers had significantly dropped by day 7. P53 levels peaked at day 2 (total dose = 0.91 Gy) and then declined; whereas, γ-H2AX fluorescence intensity (MFI) and foci number generally increased with accumulated dose and peaked at day 5 (total dose = 2.08 Gy). ROC curve analysis for γ-H2AX provided a good discrimination of accumulated dose < 2 Gy and ≥ 2 Gy, highlighting the potential of γ-H2AX MFI as a biomarker for dosimetry in a protracted, environmental exposure scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Monica Pujol-Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Guesmi S, Raouafi A, Amri I, Hamzaoui AH, Boulila A, Hosni F, Sghaier H. Polyphenolic extracts from the xerophyte Rhamnus lycioides as a radiation biodosimeter. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:5661-5669. [PMID: 30484056 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of dosimeters currently in use are synthetic and very expensive. Therefore, the study of the dosimetric characteristics of polyphenolic extracts of xerophytes is useful because drought stress causes an increase in the production of these cheap and natural compounds containing benzene rings. Here, the polyphenolic compounds were extracted from Rhamnus lycioides which was collected from Bou-Hedma National Park in Tunisia and identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We investigated the impact of cobalt-60 (60Co) irradiation (0-30 kilogray (kGy)) on the color parameters of polyphenolic extracts of R. lycioides using the Konica Minolta CR 300 portable colorimeter and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The structural and morphological characteristics of the irradiated extracts were assessed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, our results suggest that exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) of the polyphenolic components of the xerophyte R. lycioides has produced significant dose-dependent changes in their optical and morphological properties. Thus, these extracts can be valorized as biodosimeters in the dose range from 5 to 25 kGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Guesmi
- National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT), 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, Mahrajène, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia.
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Raouafi
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et d'Amélioration Sylvo-Pastorale, Institut National de Recherches en Genie Rural, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hicham Hamzaoui
- Laboratory of Useful Materials Valuation, National Center for Research in Materials Sciences, Borj Cedria Technopark, BP 73, 8027, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances (LR10INRAP02), National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analyses, Biotech Pole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Hosni
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences, Bisha University, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Sghaier
- Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
- Associated with Laboratory "Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology" (LR16CNSTN01) and Laboratory "Biotechnology and Bio-Geo Resources Valorization" (LR11ES31), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
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36
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Heishima K, Kuo K, Kimura M, Mori T. Animal Lymphocyte Metaphase Chromosome Preparation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1984:7-22. [PMID: 31267415 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9432-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Metaphase chromosome analysis of lymphocytes is the gold standard for biodosimetry to estimate the levels of radiation exposure in various animals as well as humans. Animals, including experimental, companion, and wild animals, are powerful and indispensable models for researching radiation injury, safety, and therapy. Moreover, biodosimetry of animal models can be used to support human biodosimetry data and may be useful for estimating environmental contamination by radioactive materials. The basic restraint procedure and venipuncture technique are different depending on each animal type. The general procedure evaluating metaphase chromosomes is similar to the human blood technique except for a minor modification in the initial culture. This chapter will introduce basic mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, cow, horse, goat, pig, and wild boar venipuncture and blood sampling techniques for metaphase chromosome preparation and analysis.
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37
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Robinson E, McKenna MJ, Bedford JS, Goodwin EH, Cornforth MN, Bailey SM, Ray FA. Directional Genomic Hybridization (dGH) for Detection of Intrachromosomal Rearrangements. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1984:107-116. [PMID: 31267426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9432-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) techniques, including whole chromosome painting (WCP), spectral karyotyping (SKY), and multicolor FISH (mFISH), are used extensively to characterize and enumerate inter-chromosomal rearrangements (e.g., translocations). Directional genomic hybridization (dGH) is a relatively new cytogenomics-based methodology that combines the strand-specific strategy of Chromosome Orientation-FISH (CO-FISH) with bioinformatics-driven design of single-stranded DNA probe sets that are unique and of like orientation. Such a strategy produces directional probe sets that hybridize to one-and only one-chromatid of prepared (single-stranded) metaphase chromosomes, thereby facilitating high-resolution visualization of intra-chromosomal rearrangements, specifically inversions, and greatly improving our ability to detect such otherwise cryptic structural variants within the genome. In addition to its usefulness in the study of various disease states, including cancer, relevant applications of dGH include monitoring cytogenetic damage caused by exposure to clastogenic agents (e.g., ionizing radiation). dGH can be applied as a discovery tool to globally assess the integrity of the genome, but it can also be used in a more targeted fashion to interrogate fine structural changes at the kilobase level. Consequently, dGH is capable of providing significant mechanistic insight and information not easily obtainable by other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles J McKenna
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joel S Bedford
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Michael N Cornforth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - F Andrew Ray
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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38
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Hargitai R, Roivainen P, Kis D, Luukkonen J, Sáfrány G, Seppälä J, Szatmári T, Virén T, Vuolukka K, Salomaa S, Lumniczky K. Mitochondrial DNA damage in the hair bulb: can it be used as a noninvasive biomarker of local exposure to low LET ionizing radiation? Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:491-501. [PMID: 31846382 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in hair bulbs could be a suitable biomarker for the detection of local exposure to ionizing radiation.Materials and methods: Mouse hair was collected 4 and 24 hours, 3 and 10 days after single whole-body exposure to 0, 0.1, and 2 Gy radiation. Pubic hair (treated area) and scalp hair (control area) were collected from 13 prostate cancer patients before and after fractioned radiotherapy with an average total dose of 2.7 Gy to follicles after five fractions. Unspecified lesion frequency of mtDNA was analyzed with long PCR, large mtDNA deletion levels were tested with real-time PCR.Results: Unspecified lesion frequency of mtDNA significantly increased in mouse hair 24 hours after irradiation with 2 Gy, but variance among samples was high. No increase in lesion frequency could be detected after 0.1 Gy irradiation. In prostate cancer patients, there was no significant change in either the unspecified lesion frequency or in the proportion of 4934-bp deleted mtDNA in pubic hair after radiotherapy. The proportions of murine 3860-bp common deletion, human 4977-bp common deletion and 7455-bp deleted mtDNA were too low to be analyzed reliably.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the unspecified lesion frequency and proportion of large deletions of mtDNA in hair bulbs are not suitable biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hargitai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Päivi Roivainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dávid Kis
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jukka Luukkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jan Seppälä
- Center of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tuomas Virén
- Center of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Division of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
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García O, Rada-Tarifa A, Lafuente-Álvarez E, González-Mesa JE, Mandina T, Muñoz-Velastegui G, Astudillo-Silva Y, Monjagata N, Aguilar-Coronel S, de Vargas AF. The BioDoseNet image repository used as a training tool for the dicentric assay. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1659-1667. [PMID: 31490087 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This paper describes how the BioDoseNet image repository was used as a training tool for the dicentric assay.Materials and methods: The training was implemented in three phases: introduction to dicentric scoring, dose response curve elaboration and dose assessment exercise. Four labs without previous experience in the dicentric assay participated and four modules of the repository were used.Results: The labs become familiar with aberrations induced by ionizing radiation. The labs were able to generate data for the elaboration of a dose response curve and then successfully estimated doses and irradiated fractions in six blind samples.Conclusions: The performance of these laboratories during the exercise demonstrates the efficacy of the BioDoseNet image repository as a training tool and the utility of web based scoring for the dicentric assay community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar García
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Ana Rada-Tarifa
- Instituto de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Tania Mandina
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Norma Monjagata
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Asunción, Paraguay
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Abstract
Radiation accidents are rare, but can produce large numbers of casualties with predictable patterns of injury. Casualties may suffer from a wide range of radiation exposures. Triage based on presence or absence of conventional injuries and an accurate assessment of radiation dose based on event history, symptoms, and laboratory testing, is critical. Treatment of acute radiation syndrome is supportive: including fluids, antibiotics, blood products, colony-stimulating factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. Care of radiation-injured patients with conventional trauma or burns needs to be modified to account for adverse effects of radiation on wound healing and susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Parrish
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92134, USA.
| | - Gilbert Seda
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
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41
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Mukherjee S, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Impact of inflammatory signaling on radiation biodosimetry: mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:329. [PMID: 31046668 PMCID: PMC6498469 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ionizing Radiation (IR) is a known pro-inflammatory agent and in the process of development of biomarkers for radiation biodosimetry, a chronic inflammatory disease condition could act as a confounding factor. Hence, it is important to develop radiation signatures that can distinguish between IR-induced inflammatory responses and pre-existing disease. In this study, we compared the gene expression response of a genetically modified mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (Il10−/−) with that of a normal wild-type mouse to potentially develop transcriptomics-based biodosimetry markers that can predict radiation exposure in individuals regardless of pre-existing inflammatory condition. Results Wild-type (WT) and Il10−/− mice were exposed to whole body irradiation of 7 Gy X-rays. Gene expression responses were studied using high throughput whole genome microarrays in peripheral blood 24 h post-irradiation. Analysis resulted in identification of 1962 and 1844 genes differentially expressed (p < 0.001, FDR < 10%) after radiation exposure in Il10−/− and WT mice respectively. A set of 155 genes was also identified as differentially expressed between WT and Il10−/− mice at the baseline pre-irradiation level. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the 155 baseline differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in inflammatory response, glutathione metabolism and collagen deposition. Analysis of radiation responsive genes revealed that innate immune response and p53 signaling processes were strongly associated with up-regulated genes, whereas B-cell development process was found to be significant amongst downregulated genes in the two genotypes. However, specific immune response pathways like MHC based antigen presentation, interferon signaling and hepatic fibrosis were associated with radiation responsive genes in Il10−/− mice but not WT mice. Further analysis using the IPA prediction tool revealed significant differences in the predicted activation status of T-cell mediated signaling as well as regulators of inflammation between WT and Il10−/− after irradiation. Conclusions Using a mouse model we established that an inflammatory disease condition could affect the expression of many radiation responsive genes. Nevertheless, we identified a panel of genes that, regardless of disease condition, could predict radiation exposure. Our results highlight the need for consideration of pre-existing conditions in the population in the process of development of reliable biodosimetry markers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5689-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Mukherjee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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42
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Schumann S, Scherthan H, Lapa C, Serfling S, Muhtadi R, Lassmann M, Eberlein U. DNA damage in blood leucocytes of prostate cancer patients during therapy with 177Lu-PSMA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1723-1732. [PMID: 31028426 PMCID: PMC6584247 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the time- and dose-dependency of DNA double-strand break (DSB) induction and repair in peripheral blood leucocytes of prostate cancer patients during therapy with 177Lu-PSMA. Methods Blood samples from 16 prostate cancer patients receiving their first 177Lu-PSMA therapy were taken before and at seven time-points (between 1 h and 96 h) after radionuclide administration. Absorbed doses to the blood were calculated using integrated time–activity curves of the blood and the whole-body. For DSB quantification, leucocytes were isolated, fixed in ethanol and immunostained with γ-H2AX and 53BP1 antibodies. Colocalizing foci of both DSB markers were manually counted in a fluorescence microscope. Results The average number of radiation-induced foci (RIF) per cell increased within the first 4 h after administration, followed by a decrease indicating DNA repair. The number of RIF during the first 2.6 h correlated linearly with the absorbed dose to the blood (R2 = 0.58), in good agreement with previously published in-vitro data. At late time-points (48 h and 96 h after administration), the number of RIF correlated linearly with the absorbed dose rate (R2 = 0.56). In most patients, DNA DSBs were repaired effectively. However, in some patients RIF did not disappear completely even 96 h after administration. Conclusion The general pattern of the time- and dose-dependent induction and disappearance of RIF during 177Lu-PSMA therapy is similar to that of other radionuclide therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Serfling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Razan Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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Jacobs AR, Guyon T, Headley V, Nair M, Ricketts W, Gray G, Wong JYC, Chao N, Terbrueggen R. Role of a high throughput biodosimetry test in treatment prioritization after a nuclear incident. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 96:57-66. [PMID: 30507310 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We introduce and evaluate a high throughput biodosimetry test system (REDI-Dx) suitable for testing of thousands of potential radiation victims following a mass scale nuclear event caused by detonation of a nuclear device or a nuclear accident, as part of an overall strategy for effective medical management of the crisis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The performance of a high throughput biodosimetry test was evaluated by collecting samples of both non-irradiated presumed healthy donors as well as irradiated subjects collected as part of either cancer treatment regimens or banked from previous studies. The test measures the gene expression of a set of radiation responsive genes based on the DxDirect® genomic platform. The potential diagnostic accuracy of REDI-Dx was evaluated as a predictor of actual dose of radiation. While the REDI-Dx test has been calibrated to provide a quantitative measure of actual absorbed dose, we compared the performance of the REDI-Dx test (sensitivity and specificity) as a qualitative result at the most commonly applied thresholds 2.0 Gy and 6.0 Gy. RESULTS The test demonstrated high specificity and lack of effect of medical conditions. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, REDI-Dx was shown to be a good predictor of actual dose for determining treatment category based on either 2.0 or 6.0 Gy, with a 98.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity for 2.0 Gy, and 92% sensitivity and 84% specificity for 6.0 Gy. Results were reproducible between clinical laboratories with an SD of 0.2 Gy for samples ≤2.0 Gy and a CV of 10.3% for samples from 2.0 to 10.0 Gy. CONCLUSIONS Use of a biodosimetry test, like REDI-Dx test system would provide valuable information that would improve the ability to assign patients to the correct treatment category when combined with currently available biodosimetry tools, as compared to the use of existing tools alone. The REDI-Dx biodosimetry test system is for investigational use only in the U.S.A. The performance characteristics of this product have not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerry Gray
- ClinReg Consulting Services, Inc, Laguna Beach, CA, USA
| | - Jeffery Y C Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies & Cell Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Chimeno JM, Sebastià N, Torres-Espallardo I, Balaguer J, Candela-Juan C, Loaiza JL, Adria M, Ibanez-Rosello B, Cañete A, Martí-Bonmatí L, Montoro A. Assessment of the dicentric chromosome assay as a biodosimetry tool for more personalized medicine in a case of a high risk neuroblastoma 131I-mIBG treatment. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:314-320. [PMID: 30496023 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1549755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to estimate the whole - body absorbed - dose with the Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA) (biodosimetry) for 131I - metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I - mIBG) therapy for high - risk neuroblastoma, and to obtain an initial correlation with the physical dosimetry calculated as described by the Medical Internal Radiation Dosimetry formalism (MIRD). Together both objectives will aid the optimization of personalized targeted radionuclide therapies. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 12 year-old child with relapsed high-risk neuroblastoma was treated with 131I-mIBG: a first administration with activity <444 MBq/kg was used as a tracer in order to calculate the activity needed in a second administration to achieve a whole body prescribed dose of ∼4 Gy. Blood samples were obtained before and seven days after each administration to analyze the frequency of dicentrics. Moreover, consequent estimations of retained activity were done every few hours from equivalent dose rate measurements at a fixed position, two meters away from the patient, in order to apply the MIRD procedure. Blood samples were also drawn every 2- to -3 days to assess bone marrow toxicity. RESULTS For a total activity of 22,867 MBq administered over two phases, both biological and physical dosimetries were performed. The former estimated a whole-body cumulated dose of 3.53 (2.58-4.41) Gy and the latter a total whole-body absorbed dose of 2.32 ± 0.48 Gy. The patient developed thrombocytopenia grade 3 after both infusions and neutropenia grade 3 and grade 4 (based on CTCAE 4.0) during respective phases. CONCLUSION The results indicate a possible correlation between biodosimetry and standard physical dosimetry in 131I-mIBG treatment for high-risk neuroblastoma. A larger cohort and refinement of the DCA for internal irradiation are needed to define the role of biodosimetry in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Maria Chimeno
- a Radiation Protection Service , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Natividad Sebastià
- a Radiation Protection Service , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain.,b Mixed Unity of Nanomedicine and Sensors , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Valencia , Spain
| | - Irene Torres-Espallardo
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Julia Balaguer
- d Department of Pediatric Oncology , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Cristian Candela-Juan
- e Centro Nacional de Dosimetría (CND) , Instituto Nacional de Gestión Sanitaria , Valencia , Spain
| | - Jose Luis Loaiza
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Mar Adria
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Blanca Ibanez-Rosello
- c Department of Nuclear Medicine , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Adela Cañete
- d Department of Pediatric Oncology , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- f Department of Radiology , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe , Valencia , Spain.,g Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230 , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe , Spain
| | - Alegría Montoro
- a Radiation Protection Service , Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain.,g Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230 , Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe , Spain
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Hirai Y, Cordova KA, Kodama Y, Hamasaki K, Awa AA, Tomonaga M, Mine M, Cullings HM, Nakamura N. Tooth enamel ESR doses and cytogenetic doses of Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors in comparison with DS02R1 doses. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:321-328. [PMID: 30496019 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1552807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer risks for Nagasaki survivors once appeared to be lower than for Hiroshima survivors. The possibility that this was due to overestimation of the doses for the Nagasaki survivors was tested by measuring biological doses of Nagasaki survivors and comparing them with DS02R1 individual doses as previously done for Hiroshima survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The electron spin resonance (ESR) method and cytogenetic method were used to estimate radiation doses for 24 Nagasaki survivors, and the results were compared to calculated DS02R1 doses. RESULTS Six factory workers and 10 other survivors showed ESR or cytogenetically estimated doses that were in reasonably good agreement with their DS02R1 doses, while one factory worker was found to have an ESR dose estimate of nearly one half of the DS02R1 dose to the eye lens (a proxy organ for teeth). A few outliers were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Although apparently lower cancer risks were observed in the past for Nagasaki survivors when compared to Hiroshima survivors, the present results do not indicate the existence of a trend that DS02R1 doses are overestimated when compared with biologically estimated tooth or cytogenetic doses. This observation is in line with the recent disappearance of the city difference in cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Hirai
- a Department of Molecular Biosciences , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Kismet A Cordova
- b Department of Statistics , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kodama
- a Department of Molecular Biosciences , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Kanya Hamasaki
- a Department of Molecular Biosciences , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Akio A Awa
- a Department of Molecular Biosciences , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Masao Tomonaga
- c Department of Hematology , Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.,d Megumino-oka Nagasaki Genbaku Home Clinics , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Mariko Mine
- e Research Center for Nuclear Weapons Abolition, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki , Japan.,f Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Casualty Council , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Harry M Cullings
- b Department of Statistics , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Nori Nakamura
- a Department of Molecular Biosciences , Radiation Effects Research Foundation , Minami ku , Hiroshima , Japan
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Macaeva E, Mysara M, De Vos WH, Baatout S, Quintens R. Gene expression-based biodosimetry for radiological incidents: assessment of dose and time after radiation exposure. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:64-75. [PMID: 30247087 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1511926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to ensure efficient use of medical resources following a radiological incident, there is an urgent need for high-throughput time-efficient biodosimetry tools. In the present study, we tested the applicability of a gene expression signature for the prediction of exposure dose as well as the time elapsed since irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used whole blood samples from seven healthy volunteers as reference samples (X-ray doses: 0, 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mGy; time points: 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and samples from seven other individuals as 'blind samples' (20 samples in total). RESULTS Gene expression values normalized to the reference gene without normalization to the unexposed controls were sufficient to predict doses with a correlation coefficient between the true and the predicted doses of 0.86. Importantly, we could also classify the samples according to the time since exposure with a correlation coefficient between the true and the predicted time point of 0.96. Because of the dynamic nature of radiation-induced gene expression, this feature will be of critical importance for adequate gene expression-based dose prediction in a real emergency situation. In addition, in this study we also compared different methodologies for RNA extraction available on the market and suggested the one most suitable for emergency situation which does not require on-spot availability of any specific reagents or equipment. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent an important advancement in the application of gene expression for biodosimetry purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellina Macaeva
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Mohamed Mysara
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- a Interdisciplinary Biosciences Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK•CEN, Mol , Belgium
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Słonecka I, Łukasik K, Fornalski KW. Analytical and quasi-Bayesian methods as development of the iterative approach for mixed radiation biodosimetry. Radiat Environ Biophys 2018; 57:195-203. [PMID: 29869092 PMCID: PMC6060769 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present paper proposes two methods of calculating components of the dose absorbed by the human body after exposure to a mixed neutron and gamma radiation field. The article presents a novel approach to replace the common iterative method in its analytical form, thus reducing the calculation time. It also shows a possibility of estimating the neutron and gamma doses when their ratio in a mixed beam is not precisely known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Słonecka
- Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Konwaliowa 7, 03-194, Warszawa, Poland.
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łukasik
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa, Poland
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48
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Ravi M, Lal AS, Begum SK. Prophasing interphase chromatin for assessing genetic damages-The evolution, applications and the future prospects. Mutat Res 2018; 810:19-32. [PMID: 29906650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) involves induction of near-chromosome-like morphology to interphase chromatin. Experimental induction of PCC was achieved by somatic cell hybridization (SCH), an approach which evolved into a chemical-induction process. PCC presents most probably the only way in which cytogenetic assessment of damages can be analyzed in special situations such as availability of limited numbers of sample cells and for cells which have lost their ability to divide. Initial experiments on PCC were reported in late 1960s and the technique has evolved into one with wide range of applications owing to its increased efficiency in detecting primary DNA damages. Biodosimetry remains as the primary area which utilizes PCC technique to the maximum efficiency with several multiple-groups participating in collaborative exercises for biodosimetric applications. However, in spite of the advantages that the technique offers, it is yet to reach its full potential. This is due to the inherent limitations of the manner in which PCC is induced currently; by the somatic cell hybridization and chemical-induction processes. An approach which combines these two would sure help in taking PCC to its highest potential as the preferred technique for assessment of primary DNA damages. We present the chronological events of evolution of the PCC technique along with its applications. Also, the limitations of the technique along with the suggestions for further refinement of the PCC technique are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India.
| | - Aswathy S Lal
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - S Kauser Begum
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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49
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Abstract
Background: Gene signatures derived from transcriptomic data using machine learning methods have shown promise for biodosimetry testing. These signatures may not be sufficiently robust for large scale testing, as their performance has not been adequately validated on external, independent datasets. The present study develops human and murine signatures with biochemically-inspired machine learning that are strictly validated using k-fold and traditional approaches. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of exposed human and murine lymphocytes were preprocessed via nearest neighbor imputation and expression of genes implicated in the literature to be responsive to radiation exposure (n=998) were then ranked by Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR). Optimal signatures were derived by backward, complete, and forward sequential feature selection using Support Vector Machines (SVM), and validated using k-fold or traditional validation on independent datasets. Results: The best human signatures we derived exhibit k-fold validation accuracies of up to 98% ( DDB2, PRKDC, TPP2, PTPRE, and GADD45A) when validated over 209 samples and traditional validation accuracies of up to 92% ( DDB2, CD8A, TALDO1, PCNA, EIF4G2, LCN2, CDKN1A, PRKCH, ENO1, and PPM1D) when validated over 85 samples. Some human signatures are specific enough to differentiate between chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Certain multi-class murine signatures have sufficient granularity in dose estimation to inform eligibility for cytokine therapy (assuming these signatures could be translated to humans). We compiled a list of the most frequently appearing genes in the top 20 human and mouse signatures. More frequently appearing genes among an ensemble of signatures may indicate greater impact of these genes on the performance of individual signatures. Several genes in the signatures we derived are present in previously proposed signatures. Conclusions: Gene signatures for ionizing radiation exposure derived by machine learning have low error rates in externally validated, independent datasets, and exhibit high specificity and granularity for dose estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z.L. Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Eliseos J. Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Peter K. Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- CytoGnomix Inc., London, ON, N5X 3X5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
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50
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Abstract
Background: Gene signatures derived from transcriptomic data using machine learning methods have shown promise for biodosimetry testing. These signatures may not be sufficiently robust for large scale testing, as their performance has not been adequately validated on external, independent datasets. The present study develops human and murine signatures with biochemically-inspired machine learning that are strictly validated using k-fold and traditional approaches. Methods: Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets of exposed human and murine lymphocytes were preprocessed via nearest neighbor imputation and expression of genes implicated in the literature to be responsive to radiation exposure (n=998) were then ranked by Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR). Optimal signatures were derived by backward, complete, and forward sequential feature selection using Support Vector Machines (SVM), and validated using k-fold or traditional validation on independent datasets. Results: The best human signatures we derived exhibit k-fold validation accuracies of up to 98% ( DDB2, PRKDC, TPP2, PTPRE, and GADD45A) when validated over 209 samples and traditional validation accuracies of up to 92% ( DDB2, CD8A, TALDO1, PCNA, EIF4G2, LCN2, CDKN1A, PRKCH, ENO1, and PPM1D) when validated over 85 samples. Some human signatures are specific enough to differentiate between chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Certain multi-class murine signatures have sufficient granularity in dose estimation to inform eligibility for cytokine therapy (assuming these signatures could be translated to humans). We compiled a list of the most frequently appearing genes in the top 20 human and mouse signatures. More frequently appearing genes among an ensemble of signatures may indicate greater impact of these genes on the performance of individual signatures. Several genes in the signatures we derived are present in previously proposed signatures. Conclusions: Gene signatures for ionizing radiation exposure derived by machine learning have low error rates in externally validated, independent datasets, and exhibit high specificity and granularity for dose estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z.L. Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Eliseos J. Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Peter K. Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
- CytoGnomix Inc., London, ON, N5X 3X5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
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