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Farias L, de la Maza L. Understanding the impacts of coastal deoxygenation in nitrogen dynamics: an observational analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11826. [PMID: 38783066 PMCID: PMC11116492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological production and outgassing of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are vital for fishing productivity and climate regulation. This study examines temporal variability of biogeochemical and oceanographic variables, focusing on dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, nitrogen deficit (N deficit), nitrous oxide (N2O) and air-sea N2O flux. This analysis is based on monthly observations from 2000 to 2023 in a region of intense seasonal coastal upwelling off central Chile (36°S). Strong correlations are estimated among N2O concentrations and N deficit in the 30-80 m layer, and N2O air-sea fluxes with the proportion of hypoxic water (4 < DO < 89 µmol L-1) in the water column, suggesting that N2O accumulation and its exchange are mainly associated with partial denitrification. Furthermore, we observe interannual variability in concentrations and inventories in the water column of DO, nitrate, N deficit, as well as air-sea N2O fluxes in both downwelling and upwelling seasons. These variabilities are not associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices but are related to interannual differences in upwelling intensity. The time series reveals significant nitrate removal and N2O accumulation in both mid and bottom layers, occurring at rates of 1.5 µmol L-1 and 2.9 nmol L-1 per decade, respectively. Particularly significant is the increase over the past two decades of air-sea N2O fluxes at a rate of 2.9 µmol m-2 d-1 per decade. These observations suggest that changes in the EBUS, such as intensification of upwelling and the prevalence of hypoxic waters may have implications for N2O emissions and fixed nitrogen loss, potentially influencing coastal productivity and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Farias
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
- Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Lucas de la Maza
- Instituto Milenio de Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR), Santiago, Chile
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Cao L, Bi D, Fan W, Xu J, Beardall J, Gao K, Wu Y. Warming exacerbates the impacts of ultraviolet radiation in temperate diatoms but alleviates the effect on polar species. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:491-498. [PMID: 37528525 DOI: 10.1111/php.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Under global change scenarios, the sea surface temperature is increasing steadily along with other changes to oceanic environments. Consequently, marine diatoms are influenced by multiple ocean global change drivers. We hypothesized that temperature rise mediates the responses of polar and temperate diatoms to UV radiation (UVR) to different extents, and exposed the temperate centric diatoms, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema costatum, and a polar pennate diatom Entomoneis sp., to warming (+5°C) for 10 days, then performed short-term incubations under different radiation treatments with or without UVR. The effective quantum yields of the three diatoms were stable during exposure to PAR, but decreased when exposed to PAR + UVR, leading to significant UV-induced inhibition, which was 3% and 9%, respectively, for T. weissflogii and S. costatum under ambient temperature but increased to 12% and 17%, respectively, in the cells acclimated to the warming treatment. In contrast, UVR induced much higher inhibition, by about 45%, in the polar diatom Entomoneis sp. at ambient temperature, and the warming treatment alleviated the UV-induced inhibition, which dropped to 36%. The growth rates were significantly inhibited by UVR in S. costatum under the warming treatment and in Entomoneis sp. under ambient temperature, while there was no significant effect for T. weissflogii. Our results indicate that the polar diatom was more sensitive to UVR though warming could alleviate its impact, whereas the temperate diatoms were less sensitive to UVR but warming exacerbated its impacts, implying that diatoms living in different regions may exhibit differential responses to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dongquan Bi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystems and Resources Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Bauer J, Segovia-Rendón J, Lorda J, Abadía-Cardoso A, Malpica-Cruz L, Alvarado-Graef P, Searcy-Bernal R, Vázquez-Vera L, Beas-Luna R. Short-term effects of community-based marine reserves on green abalone, as revealed by population studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:955. [PMID: 38200041 PMCID: PMC10781752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine reserves (MRs) are implemented worldwide to protect, restore, and manage marine ecosystems and species. However, it is important to document the positive effects those marine reserves have on slow-growth, temperate invertebrates such as abalone. Abalone, Haliotis spp., are marine gastropods of high economic value extracted worldwide for decades, which has led to fisheries-driven population decreases. In this work, we focused on a case study and assessed the short-term (1-2 years) effects of marine reserves established and managed by a local fishing cooperative at Guadalupe Island, Mexico. We evaluated the population status of green abalone, H. fulgens, by conducting (1) an assessment of the green abalone population around Guadalupe Island through subtidal monitoring and (2) an evaluation of the effect of two recently established marine reserves on population parameters such as the increase in density (individuals·m2), biomass, number of aggregated abalone, egg production, and proportion of individuals bigger than 150 mm (minimum harvest size) compared to fished areas. To assess the population around Guadalupe Island, we surveyed 11,160 m2 during 2020 and 2021. We recorded 2327 green abalones with a mean ± SE shell length of 135.978 ± 0.83 mm and a mean density of 0.21 ± 0.02 individuals·m2. All variables were statistically higher at the MRs except for shell length in 2021. In this work, we report for the first time the green abalone population status at Guadalupe Island and a positive short-term biological response to community-based marine reserves. This study suggests that a network of MRs combined with good management could help abalone populations in the short term in Guadalupe Island, potentially leading to more sustainable fishing practices and social-ecological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremie Bauer
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Superiores de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Jaime Segovia-Rendón
- Proyectos y Servicios Marinos (PROSEMAR), Colinas de Ensenada 209, 22760, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Julio Lorda
- Facultad de Ciencias, UABC, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve, 301 Caspian Way, Imperial Beach, CA, 91932, USA
| | - Alicia Abadía-Cardoso
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Luis Malpica-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, UABC, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
- ECOCIMATI, A.C., Av. Del Puerto 2270 Colonia Hidalgo, 22880, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Patricia Alvarado-Graef
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Searcy-Bernal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, UABC, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Vázquez-Vera
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur (UABCS), Carretera al Sur KM 5.5, 23080, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Beas-Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3917, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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Dalsin M, Walter RK, Mazzini PLF. Effects of basin-scale climate modes and upwelling on nearshore marine heatwaves and cold spells in the California Current. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12389. [PMID: 37524715 PMCID: PMC10390473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine heatwaves and cold spells (MHWs/MCSs) have been observed to be increasing globally in frequency and intensity based on satellite remote sensing and continue to pose a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide. Despite this, there are limited in-situ based observational studies in the very shallow nearshore region, particularly in Eastern Boundary Current Upwelling Systems (EBUS). We analyzed a unique dataset collected in shallow waters along central California spanning more than four decades (1978-2020) and assessed links with basin-scale climate modes [Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño (MEI)] and regional-scale wind-driven upwelling. We found no significant increase/decrease in MHW/MCS frequency, duration, or intensity over the last four decades, but did observe considerable interannual variability linked with basin-scale climate modes. Additionally, there was a decrease in both MHW/MCS occurrence during the upwelling season, and the initiation of individual MHWs/MCSs coincided with anomalous upwelling. Most notably, the co-occurrence of warm (cold) phases of the PDO and MEI with negative (positive) upwelling anomalies strongly enhanced the relative frequency of positive (negative) temperature anomalies and MHW (MCS) days. Collectively, both basin-scale variability and upwelling forcing play a key role in predicting extreme events and shaping nearshore resilience in EBUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dalsin
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Walter
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Piero L F Mazzini
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, USA
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Jiang T, Liang YS, Gu Y, Yao FC, Liu YF, Zhang KX, Song FB, Sun JL, Luo J. Different reoxygenation rates induce different metabolic, apoptotic and immune responses in Golden Pompano (Trachinotus blochii) after hypoxic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108640. [PMID: 36871632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is essential for teleosts, and fluctuating environmental factors can result in hypoxic stress in the golden pompano (Trachinotus blochii). However, it is unknown whether different recovery speeds of DO concentration after hypoxia induce stress in T. blochii. In this study, T. blochii was subjected to hypoxic conditions (1.9 ± 0.2 mg/L) for 12 h followed by 12 h of reoxygenation at two different speeds (30 mg/L per hour and 1.7 mg/L per hour increasing). The gradual reoxygenation group (GRG), experienced DO recovery (1.9 ± 0.2 to 6.8 ± 0.2 mg/L) within 3 h, and the rapid reoxygenation group (RRG), experienced DO recovery (1.9 ± 0.2 to 6.8 ± 0.2 mg/L) within 10 min. Physiological and biochemical parameters of metabolism (glucose, glycegon, lactic acid (LD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvic acid (PA), phosphofructokinase (PFKA), and hexokinase (HK), triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1)) and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq of liver) were monitored to identify the effects of the two reoxygenation speeds. Increased LD content and increased activity of LDH, PA, PFKA, and HK suggested enhanced anaerobic glycolysis under hypoxic stress. LD and LDH levels remained significantly elevated during reoxygenation, indicating that the effects of hypoxia were not immediately alleviated during reoxygenation. The expressions of PGM2, PFKA, GAPDH, and PK were increased in the RRG, which suggests that glycolysis was enhanced. The same pattern was not observed in the GRG. Additionally, In the RRG, reoxygenation may promote glycolysis to guarantee energy supply. However, the GRG may through the lipid metabolism such as steroid biosynthesis at the later stage of reoxygenation. In the aspect of apoptosis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the RRG were enriched in the p53 signaling pathway, which promoted cell apoptosis, while DEGs in the GRG seem to activate cell apoptosis at early stage of reoxygenation but was restrained latterly. DEGs in both the RRG and the GRG were enriched in the NF-kappa B and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, the RRG may induce cell survival by regulating the expression of IL-12B, COX2, and Bcl-XL, while in the GRG it may induce by regulating the expression of IL-8. Moreover, DEGs in the RRG were also enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This research revealed that at different velocity of reoxygenation after hypoxic stress, T. blochii would represent different metabolic, apoptotic and immune strategies, and this conclusion would provide new insight into the response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Ye Song Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Fu Cheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yi Fan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Kai Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Fei Biao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jun Long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Sahoo TP, Vasavdutta S, Chanchpara A, Sahu N, Thiyagarajan I, Ray S, Chatterjee S, Thorat RB, Haldar S, Madhava AK. Pre-to-post COVID-19 lockdown and their environmental impacts on Ghoghla beach and Somnath beach, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82140-82155. [PMID: 35750909 PMCID: PMC9244305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impact of COVID-19 imposed lockdown (2020) and the new normal condition (2021) on two different beaches of India (Ghoghla beach, Diu and Somnath beach, Veraval) were compared with the pre-lockdown era, 2013. The lockdown phase favored the natural restoration of the beaches and showed infinitesimal values of the parameters tested when compared with the pre-lockdown regime. However, the new normal situation in 2021 opened up the accessibility of these beaches to the tourists and pilgrims resulting in significant changes of water quality. The release of diluted sewage mixed with freshwater from the Somnath town to the sea has led to the drastic change in beach water quality. The mean cadmium concentration increased drastically in beach waters (Ghoghla: 1.35, 0.28 and 7.09 μg/L; Somnath: 0.45, 0.28 and 0.58 μg/L) during pre-to-post lockdown, respectively. However, post-lockdown resulted in the rise of toxic heavy metals in the sediments of Somnath beach but Ghoghla beach remained to be pristine which may be due to the Blue Flagship status. The total number of marine bacteria was higher during 2013 and 2021 when compared during lockdown describing greater human interventions. For instance, Vibrio spp. count in Ghoghla beach water during pre-lockdown phase was 7733 CFU/mL and this value reduced to 70 and 5 CFU/mL in the lockdown and post-lockdown phases. Interestingly, the diversity of planktonic and benthic components showed a different trend from pre-to-post lockdown due to significant change in the inorganic nutrients and metal bioaccumulation. To our knowledge, this will be the first comprehensive assessment to report the environmental and ecological health of Ghoghla beach and Somnath beach during the pre-to-post lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini Prasad Sahoo
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Sonpal Vasavdutta
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Amit Chanchpara
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Nosad Sahu
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Indirapriyatharsini Thiyagarajan
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Sanak Ray
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Shruti Chatterjee
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
| | - Ravikumar Bhagawan Thorat
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Soumya Haldar
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India
| | - Anil Kumar Madhava
- Analytical and Environmental Science Division & Centralized Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364 002, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India.
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