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Ristinmaa AS, Tafur Rangel A, Idström A, Valenzuela S, Kerkhoven EJ, Pope PB, Hasani M, Larsbrink J. Resin acids play key roles in shaping microbial communities during degradation of spruce bark. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8171. [PMID: 38071207 PMCID: PMC10710418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bark is the outermost defense of trees against microbial attack, largely thanks to toxicity and prevalence of extractive compounds. Nevertheless, bark decomposes in nature, though by which species and mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we have followed the development of microbial enrichments growing on spruce bark over six months, by monitoring both chemical changes in the material and performing community and metagenomic analyses. Carbohydrate metabolism was unexpectedly limited, and instead a key activity was metabolism of extractives. Resin acid degradation was principally linked to community diversification with specific bacteria revealed to dominate the process. Metagenome-guided isolation facilitated the recovery of the dominant enrichment strain in pure culture, which represents a new species (Pseudomonas abieticivorans sp. nov.), that can grow on resin acids as a sole carbon source. Our results illuminate key stages in degradation of an abundant renewable resource, and how defensive extractive compounds have major roles in shaping microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert Tafur Rangel
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Idström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Valenzuela
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard J Kerkhoven
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Phillip B Pope
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1433, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, NO-1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Merima Hasani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Larsbrink
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Yu Z, Xu D, Hu J, Chang S, Liu G, Huang Q, Han J, Li T, Liu Y, Wang X(A. Improving the Autofluorescence of Lophira alata Woody Cells via the Removal of Extractives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3269. [PMID: 37571163 PMCID: PMC10422229 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The autofluorescence phenomenon is an inherent characteristic of lignified cells. However, in the case of Lophira alata (L. alata), the autofluorescence is nearly imperceptible during occasional fluorescence observations. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism behind the quenching of lignin's autofluorescence in L. alata by conducting associated experiments. Notably, the autofluorescence image of L. alata observed using optical microscopy appears to be quite indistinct. Abundant extractives are found in the longitudinal parenchyma, fibers, and vessels of L. alata. Remarkably, when subjected to a benzene-alcohol extraction treatment, the autofluorescence of L. alata becomes progressively enhanced under a fluorescence microscope. Additionally, UV-Vis absorption spectra demonstrate that the extractives derived from L. alata exhibit strong light absorption within the wavelength range of 200-500 nm. This suggests that the abundant extractives in L. alata are probably responsible for the autofluorescence quenching observed in the cell walls. Moreover, the presence and quantity of these extractives have a significant impact on the fluorescence intensity of lignin in wood, resulting in a significant decrease therein. In future studies, it would be interesting to explore the role of complex compounds such as polyphenols or terpenoids, which are present in the abundant extractives, in interfering with the fluorescence quenching of lignin in L. alata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Dongnian Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Jinbo Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
- Department of Research and Development Center, Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co., Ltd., Shantou 515834, China
- Hunan Taohuajiang Bamboo Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Taojiang 413400, China
| | - Shanshan Chang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Gonggang Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Qiongtao Huang
- Department of Research and Development Center, Yihua Lifestyle Technology Co., Ltd., Shantou 515834, China
| | - Jin Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Ting Li
- Hunan Taohuajiang Bamboo Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Taojiang 413400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China (G.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaodong (Alice) Wang
- Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Abstract
Plant-derived biomass is the most abundant biogenic carbon source on Earth. Despite this, only a small clade of organisms known as white-rot fungi (WRF) can efficiently break down both the polysaccharide and lignin components of plant cell walls. This unique ability imparts a key role for WRF in global carbon cycling and highlights their potential utilization in diverse biotechnological applications. To date, research on WRF has primarily focused on their extracellular ‘digestive enzymes’ whereas knowledge of their intracellular metabolism remains underexplored. Systems biology is a powerful approach to elucidate biological processes in numerous organisms, including WRF. Thus, here we review systems biology methods applied to WRF to date, highlight observations related to their intracellular metabolism, and conduct comparative extracellular proteomic analyses to establish further correlations between WRF species, enzymes, and cultivation conditions. Lastly, we discuss biotechnological opportunities of WRF as well as challenges and future research directions.
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