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Asare KK, Bentil HA, Gyesi E, Amoah S, Bentsi-Enchill F, Opoku YK. Candidiasis profile at the outpatient department of the university of cape coast hospital in the central region of Ghana: a retrospective study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:101. [PMID: 36899343 PMCID: PMC9999660 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a public health problem with an estimated 138 million women globally experiencing recurrent VVC annually. The microscopic diagnosis of VVC has low sensitivity, but it remains an essential tool for diagnosis as the microbiological culture methods are limited to advanced clinical microbiology laboratories in developing countries. The study retrospectively analyzed the presence of red blood cells (RBCs), epithelial cells (ECs), pus cells (PCs) and Candida albicans positive in wet mount preparation of urine or high vaginal swabs (HVS) samples to test for their sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of candidiasis. METHODS The study is a retrospective analysis at the Outpatient Department of the University of Cape Coast between 2013 and 2020. All urine and high vagina swabs (HVS) cultures samples using Sabourauds dextrose agar with wet mount data were analyzed. 2 × 2 contingency diagnostic test was used to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of red blood cells (RBCs), epithelial cells (ECs), pus cells (PCs), and Candida albicans positive in wet mount preparation of urine or high vaginal swabs (HVS) samples for the diagnosis of candidiasis. The association of candidiasis among patients' demographics was analyzed using relative risk (RR) analysis. RESULTS The high prevalence of candida infection was among female subjects 97.1% (831/856) compared to males 2.9% (25/856). The microscopic profiles which characterized candida infection were pus cells 96.4% (825/856), epithelial cells 98.7% (845/856), red blood cells (RBCs) 7.6% (65/856) and Candida albicans positive 63.2% (541/856). There was a lower risk of Candida infections among male patients compared to female patients RR (95% CI) = 0.061 (0.041-0.088). The sensitivity (95%) for detecting Candida albicans positive and red blood cells (0.62 (0.59-0.65)), Candida albicans positive and pus cells (0.75 (0.72-0.78)) and Candida albicans positive and epithelial cells (0.95 (0.92-0.96)) with corresponding specificity (95% CI) of 0.63 (0.60-0.67), 0.69 (0.66-0.72) and 0.74 (0.71-0.76) were detected among the high vaginal swab samples. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study has shown that the presence of PCs, ECs, RBCs or ratio of RBCs/ECs and RBCs/PCs in the wet mount preparation from urine or HVS can enhance microscopic diagnosis of VVC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwame Kumi Asare
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,Biomedical and Clinical Research Centre, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Hilda Amuaku Bentil
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Gyesi
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Department of Laboratory, University of Cape Coast Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Felicity Bentsi-Enchill
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
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Abuladze LR, Blokhin IA, Gonchar AP, Suchilova MM, Vladzymyrskyy AV, Gombolevskiy VA, Balanyuk EA, Ni OG, Troshchansky DV, Reshetnikov RV. CT imaging of HIV-associated pulmonary disorders in COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Imaging 2023; 95:97-106. [PMID: 36706642 PMCID: PMC9846904 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya R. Abuladze
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation,The Vishnevsky Nаtionаl Mediсаl Reseаrсh Сenter of Surgery, 117997 Mosсow, Bol. Serpukhovskаyа str., 27, Russian Federation,Corresponding author at: Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Blokhin
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P. Gonchar
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Maria M. Suchilova
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 8, Trubetskaya str. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Gombolevskiy
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (AIRI), 121170, Kutuzovsky pr. 32, 1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eleonora A. Balanyuk
- Clinic of Aesthetic Medicine “Olymp Clinic”, 129090, 7, Sadovaya-Sukharevskaya str.1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana G. Ni
- City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow Health Care Department, 8 Sosensky stan, Kommunarka settlement, 129301 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Troshchansky
- City Clinical Hospital №40, Moscow Health Care Department, 8 Sosensky stan, Kommunarka settlement, 129301 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Reshetnikov
- Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine Technologies of the Moscow Health Care Department, 127051 Moscow, 24, Petrovka str. 1, Russian Federation
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Yerbanga IW, Nakanabo Diallo S, Rouamba T, Denis O, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Montesinos I, Bamba S. A systematic review of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, antifungal resistance, and management of invasive aspergillosis in Africa. J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101328. [PMID: 36265260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) affects more than 300,000 people annually worldwide with a case fatality rate reaching 80%. However, in Africa despite the presence of risk factors for the development of IA, the burden of these fungal infections remained unknown. This systematic review aimed to update the available information on the epidemiology and the therapeutic management of IA in Africa. The published papers were systematically searched on major medical databases from September 20 to October 10, 2021. The list of references of eligible articles and the Google scholar database were also checked in order to search for possible eligible articles. Results were reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search yielded 1864 articles of which 29 met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review showed the existence of IA in Africa. The prevalence of IA can reach 27% with a fatality rate of more than 60%. The most common clinical form of IA found was invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The main predisposing conditions identified were neutropenia, HIV/AIDS, renal transplant recipients, and renal failure. Aspergillus section Flavi and Nigri were the main Aspergillus species identified and Aspergillus section Fumigati was uncommon. The main management strategy for IA cases was to start antifungal therapy only after a failure of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. This review provided evidence of the existence of invasive aspergillosis in Africa and especially a high rate of undiagnosed invasive aspergillosis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore W Yerbanga
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya, 01 BP 36 Ouahigouya 01, Burkina Faso; Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Seydou Nakanabo Diallo
- Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Centre Muraz/ Institut National de Santé Publique, 01 BP 390 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Toussaint Rouamba
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institute for Research in Health Sciences, National Center for Scientific and Technological Research, BP: 218 Ouaga 11, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Olivier Denis
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur site-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Rue Dr Gaston Therasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium; Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc - Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Isabel Montesinos
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur site-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Rue Dr Gaston Therasse 1, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Sanata Bamba
- Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sourô Sanou, 01 BP 676 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Takoutsing BD, Ooi SZY, Egu CB, Gillespie CS, Bandyopadhyay S, Dada OE, Dokponou YCH, Dalle DU, Ciuculete AC, Awad AK, Khan M, Erhabor J, Ikwuegbuenyi CA, Kesici Ö, Bankole NDA. Management and outcomes of intracranial fungal infections in children and adults in Africa: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065943. [PMID: 36731932 PMCID: PMC9896247 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The protocol presents the methodology of a scoping review that aims to synthesise contemporary evidence on the management and outcomes of intracranial fungal infections in Africa. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The research question, inclusion and exclusion criteria and search strategy were developed based on the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome framework. A search will be conducted in electronic bibliographic databases (Medline (OVID), Embase, African Journals Online, Cochrane Library and African Index Medicus). No restrictions on language or date of publication will be made. Quantitative and qualitative data extracted from included articles will be presented through descriptive statistics and a narrative description. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol does not require ethical approval. Findings will be reported in a peer-reviewed medical journal and presented at local, regional, national and international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chinedu Brian Egu
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Conor S Gillespie
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - David Ulrich Dalle
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Ahmed K Awad
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mehdi Khan
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joshua Erhabor
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Özgür Kesici
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Bongomin F, Ekeng BE, Kibone W, Nsenga L, Olum R, Itam-Eyo A, Kuate MPN, Pebolo FP, Davies AA, Manga M, Ocansey B, Kwizera R, Baluku JB. Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121236. [PMID: 36547569 PMCID: PMC9853333 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are of huge concern in resource-limited settings, particularly in Africa, due to the unavailability of diagnostic armamentarium for IFDs, thus making definitive diagnosis challenging. IFDs have non-specific systemic manifestations overlapping with more frequent illnesses, such as tuberculosis, HIV, and HIV-related opportunistic infections and malignancies. Consequently, IFDs are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We critically reviewed the available literature on IFDs in Africa to provide a better understanding of their epidemiology, disease burden to guide future research and interventions. Cryptococcosis is the most encountered IFD in Africa, accounting for most of the HIV-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Invasive aspergillosis, though somewhat underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, is increasingly being reported with a similar predilection towards people living with HIV. More cases of histoplasmosis are also being reported with recent epidemiological studies, particularly from Western Africa, showing high prevalence rates amongst presumptive tuberculosis patients and patients living with HIV. The burden of pneumocystis pneumonia has reduced significantly probably due to increased uptake of anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV both in Africa, and globally. Mucormycosis, talaromycosis, emergomycosis, blastomycosis, and coccidiomycosis have also been reported but with very few studies from the literature. The emergence of resistance to most of the available antifungal drugs in Africa is yet of huge concern as reported in other regions. IFDs in Africa is much more common than it appears and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Huge investment is needed to drive awareness and fungi related research especially in diagnostics and antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
- Correspondence:
| | - Bassey E. Ekeng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar P.O. Box 540281, Nigeria
| | - Winnie Kibone
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
| | - Lauryn Nsenga
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale P.O. Box 317, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- Department of Medicine, St. Francis’s Hospital Nsambya, Kampala P.O. Box 7176, Uganda
| | - Asa Itam-Eyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar P.O. Box 540281, Nigeria
| | | | - Francis Pebalo Pebolo
- Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu P.O. Box 166, Uganda
| | - Adeyinka A. Davies
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu P.O. Box 121102, Nigeria
| | - Musa Manga
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4114 McGavran-Greenberg, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bright Ocansey
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Richard Kwizera
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Research, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda
| | - Joseph Baruch Baluku
- Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala P.O. Box 7178, Uganda
- Makerere Lung Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 22418, Uganda
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Vassilopoulos S, Mylonakis E. Avenues for antifungal drug discovery and development: where to now? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:667-672. [PMID: 35790187 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2098950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanos Vassilopoulos
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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El-Sayed SE, Abdelaziz NA, Osman HEH, El-Housseiny GS, Aleissawy AE, Aboshanab KM. Lysinibacillus Isolate MK212927: A Natural Producer of Allylamine Antifungal ‘Terbinafine’. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010201. [PMID: 35011429 PMCID: PMC8746802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antifungal agents represents a major clinical challenge, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we screened soil bacterial isolates for the capability of producing metabolites with antifungal activities via the cross-streak and agar cup-plate methods. One isolate, coded S6, showed observable antifungal activity against Candida (C.) albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus (A.) niger clinical isolate. This strain was identified using a combined approach of phenotypic and molecular techniques as Lysinibacillus sp. MK212927. The purified metabolite displayed fungicidal activity, reserved its activity in a relatively wide range of temperatures (up to 60 °C) and pH values (6–7.8) and was stable in the presence of various enzymes and detergents. As compared to fluconazole, miconazole and Lamisil, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the metabolite that showed 90% inhibition of the growth (MIC90) was equivalent to that of Lamisil, half of miconazole and one fourth of fluconazole. Using different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, UV spectroscopy, 1D NMR and 2D NMR techniques, the purified metabolite was identified as terbinafine, an allylamine antifungal agent. It is deemed necessary to note that this is the first report of terbinafine production by Lysinibacillus sp. MK212927, a fast-growing microbial source, with relatively high yield and that is subject to potential optimization for industrial production capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed E. El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Sixth of October City 12451, Egypt; (S.E.E.-S.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Neveen A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Sixth of October City 12451, Egypt; (S.E.E.-S.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Hosam-Eldin Hussein Osman
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Aleissawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity St., Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-100-758-2620
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The fight against mycoses in Africa: are we making progress? Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 28:9-12. [PMID: 34537360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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