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Alaux PL, Courty PE, Fréville H, David J, Rocher A, Taschen E. Wheat dwarfing reshapes plant and fungal development in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:351-360. [PMID: 38816524 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of Reduced height (Rht) dwarfing genes into elite wheat varieties has contributed to enhanced yield gain in high input agrosystems by preventing lodging. Yet, how modern selection for dwarfing has affected symbiosis remains poorly documented. In this study, we evaluated the response of both the plant and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to plant genetic variation at a major Quantitative Trait Locus called QTL 4B2, known to harbor a Rht dwarfing gene, when forming the symbiosis. We used twelve inbred genotypes derived from a diversity base broadened durum wheat Evolutionary Pre-breeding Population and genotyped with a high-throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping array. In a microcosm setup segregating roots and the extra-radical mycelium, each wheat genotype was grown with or without the presence of Rhizophagus irregularis. To characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, we assessed hyphal density, root colonization, spore production, and plant biomass. Additionally, we split the variation of these variables due either to genotypes or to the Rht dwarfing genes alone. The fungus exhibited greater development in the roots of Dwarf plants compared to non-Dwarf plants, showing increases of 27%, 37% and 51% in root colonization, arbuscules, and vesicles, respectively. In addition, the biomass of the extra-radical fungal structures increased by around 31% in Dwarf plants. The biomass of plant roots decreased by about 43% in mycorrhizal Dwarf plants. Interestingly, extraradical hyphal production was found to be partly genetically determined with no significant effect of Rht, as for plant biomasses. In contrast, variations in root colonization, arbuscules and extraradical spore production were explained by Rht dwarfing genes. Finally, when mycorrhizal, Dwarf plants had significantly lower total P content, pointing towards a less beneficial symbiosis for the plant and increased profit for the fungus. These results highlight the effect of Rht dwarfing genes on both root and fungal development. This calls for further research into the molecular mechanisms governing these effects, as well as changes in plant physiology, and their implications for fostering arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in sustainable agrosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Louis Alaux
- UMR 7205, Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, 75005, Paris, France
- Agroécologie, Institut Agro Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Dijon, France
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- UMR Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier cedex 2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques David
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa Taschen
- UMR Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier cedex 2, Montpellier, France.
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Ganugi P, Caffi T, Gabrielli M, Secomandi E, Fiorini A, Zhang L, Bellotti G, Puglisi E, Fittipaldi MB, Asinari F, Tabaglio V, Trevisan M, Lucini L. A 3-year application of different mycorrhiza-based plant biostimulants distinctively modulates photosynthetic performance, leaf metabolism, and fruit quality in grapes ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1236199. [PMID: 37711298 PMCID: PMC10497758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1236199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microbial biostimulants in agriculture is recognized as a sustainable approach to promoting crop productivity and quality due to improved nutrient uptake, enhanced stress tolerance, and improved ability to cope with non-optimal environments. The present paper aimed to comparatively investigate the effect of seven different commercial mycorrhizal-based treatments in terms of yield, phytochemical components, and technological traits of Malvasia di Candia Aromatica grape (Vitis vinifera L.) plants. Metabolomic analysis and photosynthetic performance were first investigated in leaves to point out biochemical differences related to plant growth. Higher photosynthetic efficiency and better PSII functioning were found in biostimulant-treated vines, reflecting an overall decrease in photoinhibition compared to untreated plants. Untargeted metabolomics followed by multivariate statistics highlighted a robust reprogramming of primary (lipids) and secondary (alkaloids and terpenoids) metabolites in treated plants. The analysis of berry yield and chemical components exhibited significant differences depending on the biostimulant product. Generally, berries obtained from treated plants displayed improved contents of polyphenols and sugars, while yield remained unchanged. These results elucidated the significant role of microbial biostimulants in determining the quality of grape berries and eliciting biochemical changes in vines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Tito Caffi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Gabrielli
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Elena Secomandi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- Department of Sciences, Technologies and Society, University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellotti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Florencia Asinari
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Giovannini L, Sbrana C, Giovannetti M, Avio L, Lanubile A, Marocco A, Turrini A. Diverse mycorrhizal maize inbred lines differentially modulate mycelial traits and the expression of plant and fungal phosphate transporters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21279. [PMID: 36482115 PMCID: PMC9732053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production is heavily dependent on soil phosphorus (P), a non-renewable mineral resource essential for plant growth and development. Alas, about 80% is unavailable for plant uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may promote soil P efficient use, although the mechanistic aspects are yet to be completely understood. In this study, plant and fungal variables involved in P acquisition were investigated in maize inbred lines, differing for mycorrhizal responsiveness and low-P tolerance, when inoculated with the symbiont Rhizoglomus irregulare (synonym Rhizophagus irregularis). The expression patterns of phosphate transporter (PT) genes in extraradical and intraradical mycelium (ERM/IRM) and in mycorrhizal and control maize roots were assessed, together with plant growth responses and ERM extent and structure. The diverse maize lines differed in plant and fungal accumulation patterns of PT transcripts, ERM phenotypic traits and plant performance. Mycorrhizal plants of the low-P tolerant maize line Mo17 displayed increased expression of roots and ERM PT genes, compared with the low-P susceptible line B73, which revealed larger ERM hyphal densities and interconnectedness. ERM structural traits showed significant correlations with plant/fungal expression levels of PT genes and mycorrhizal host benefit, suggesting that both structural and functional traits are differentially involved in the regulation of P foraging capacity in mycorrhizal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giovannini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiana Sbrana
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Avio
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lanubile
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- grid.5395.a0000 0004 1757 3729Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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McGale E, Sanders IR. Integrating plant and fungal quantitative genetics to improve the ecological and agricultural applications of mycorrhizal symbioses. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102205. [PMID: 36201974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Finding and targeting genes that quantitatively contribute to agricultural and ecological processes progresses food production and conservation efforts. Typically, quantitative genetic approaches link variants in a single organism's genome with a trait of interest. Recently, genome-to-genome mapping has found genome variants interacting between species to produce the result of a multiorganism (including multikingdom) interaction. These were plant and bacterial pathogen genome interactions; plant-fungal coquantitative genetics have not yet been applied. Plant-mycorrhizae symbioses exist across most biomes, for a majority of land plants, including crop plants, and manipulate many traits from single organisms to ecosystems for which knowing the genetic basis would be useful. The availability of Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal isolates, with genomic information, makes dual-genome methods with beneficial mutualists accessible and imminent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica McGale
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ian R Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore Building, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Nutritional Quality of Soilless Grown Lettuce while Overcoming Low Phosphorus Supply. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223612. [PMID: 36429202 PMCID: PMC9689368 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is widely used for its healthy properties, and it is of interest to increase them with minimal environmental impact. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Salinas) cultivated in a soilless system with sub-optimal phosphorus (P) compared with non-inoculated controls at two different P concentrations. Results show that lettuce inoculation with the selected AMF can improve the growth and the nutritional quality of lettuce even at sub-optimal P. Leaf content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenols, known as important bioactive compounds for human health, was higher in mycorrhizal lettuce plants compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. The antioxidant capacity in AMF plants showed higher values compared with control plants grown at optimal P nutrition level. Moreover, leaf gas exchanges were higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated ones. Nitrogen, P, and magnesium leaf content was significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-mycorrhizal plants grown with the same P level. These findings suggest that F. mosseae can stimulate plants growth, improving the nutritional quality of lettuce leaves even when grown with sub-optimal P concentration.
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Fiore MC, Blangiforti S, Preiti G, Spina A, Bosi S, Marotti I, Mauceri A, Puccio G, Sunseri F, Mercati F. Elucidating the Genetic Relationships on the Original Old Sicilian Triticum Spp. Collection by SNP Genotyping. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13378. [PMID: 36362168 PMCID: PMC9694989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Triticum species spread in cultivation in Sicily and neighboring regions over the centuries, which led to the establishment of a large genetic diversity. Many ancient varieties were widely cultivated until the beginning of the last century before being replaced by modern varieties. Recently, they have been reintroduced in cultivation in Sicily. Here, the genetic diversity of 115 and 11 accessions from Sicily and Calabria, respectively, belonging to Triticum species was evaluated using a high-density SNP array. Einkorn, emmer, and spelta wheat genotypes were used as outgroups for species and subspecies; five modern varieties of durum and bread wheat were used as references. A principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) showed four distinct groups among Triticum species and T. turgidum subspecies. The population structure analysis distinguished five gene pools, among which three appeared private to the T. aestivum, T. turgidum subsp. Turgidum, and 'Timilia' group. The principal component analysis (PCA) displayed a bio-morphological trait relationship of a subset (110) of ancient wheat varieties and their wide variability within the T. turgidum subsp. durum subgroups. A discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and phylogenetic analyses applied to the four durum wheat subgroups revealed that the improved varieties harbored a different gene pool compared to the most ancient varieties. The 'Russello' and 'Russello Ibleo' groups were distinguished; both displayed higher genetic variability compared to the 'Timilia' group accessions. This research represents a comprehensive approach to fingerprinting the old wheat Sicilian germplasm, which is useful in avoiding commercial fraud and sustaining the cultivation of landraces and ancient varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carola Fiore
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 90011 Bagheria, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Blangiforti
- Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, Santo Pietro, 95041 Caltagirone, Italy
| | - Giovanni Preiti
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Alfio Spina
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Mauceri
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puccio
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department AGRARIA, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercati
- National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), 90129 Palermo, Italy
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Ganugi P, Pathan SI, Zhang L, Arfaioli P, Benedettelli S, Masoni A, Pietramellara G, Lucini L. The pivotal role of cultivar affinity to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in determining mycorrhizal responsiveness to water deficit. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113381. [PMID: 36030905 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained remarkable importance, having been proved to alleviate drought stress-induced damage in wheat due to their ability to ameliorate plant water use efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activity. However, despite the current relevance of the topic, the molecular and physiological processes at the base of this symbiosis never consider the single cultivar affinity to mycorrhization as an influencing factor for the metabolic response in the AMF-colonized plant. In the present study, the mycorrhizal affinity of two durum wheat species (T. turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.)) varieties, Iride and Ramirez, were investigated. Successively, an untargeted metabolomics approach has been used to study the fungal contribution to mitigating water deficit in both varieties. Iride and Ramirez exhibited a high and low level of mycorrhizal symbiosis, respectively; resulting in a more remarkable alteration of metabolic pathways in the most colonised variety under water deficit conditions. However, the analysis highlighted the contribution of AMF to mitigating water deficiency in both varieties, resulting in the up- and down-regulation of many amino acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, lipids, and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Shamina Imran Pathan
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Arfaioli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedettelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Alberto Masoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietramellara
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, Firenze, 50144, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Research Centre for Nutrigenomics and Proteomics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Austen N, Tille S, Berdeni D, Firbank LG, Lappage M, Nelson M, Helgason T, Marshall-Harries E, Hughes HB, Summers R, Cameron DD, Leake JR. Experimental evaluation of biological regeneration of arable soil: The effects of grass-clover leys and arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculants on wheat growth, yield, and shoot pathology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955985. [PMID: 36092419 PMCID: PMC9450525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat yields have plateaued in the UK over the last 25 years, during which time most arable land has been annually cropped continuously with short rotations dominated by cereals. Arable intensification has depleted soil organic matter and biology, including mycorrhizas, which are affected by tillage, herbicides, and crop genotype. Here, we test whether winter wheat yields, mycorrhization, and shoot health can be improved simply by adopting less intensive tillage and adding commercial mycorrhizal inoculum to long-term arable fields, or if 3-year grass-clover leys followed direct drilling is more effective for biological regeneration of soil with reduced N fertiliser. We report a trial of mycorrhization, ear pathology, and yield performance of the parents and four double haploid lines from the Avalon x Cadenza winter wheat population in a long-term arable field that is divided into replicated treatment plots. These plots comprised wheat lines grown using ploughing or disc cultivation for 3 years, half of which received annual additions of commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum, compared to 3-year mown grass-clover ley plots treated with glyphosate and direct-drilled. All plots annually received 35 kg of N ha-1 fertiliser without fungicides. The wheat lines did not differ in mycorrhization, which averaged only 34% and 40% of root length colonised (RLC) in the ploughed and disc-cultivated plots, respectively, and decreased with inoculation. In the ley, RLC increased to 52%. Two wheat lines were very susceptible to a sooty ear mould, which was lowest in the ley, and highest with disc cultivation. AM inoculation reduced ear infections by >50% in the susceptible lines. In the ley, yields ranged from 7.2 to 8.3 t ha-1, achieving 92 to 106% of UK average wheat yield in 2018 (7.8 t ha-1) but using only 25% of average N fertiliser. Yields with ploughing and disc cultivation averaged only 3.9 and 3.4 t ha-1, respectively, with AM inoculum reducing yields from 4.3 to 3.5 t ha-1 in ploughed plots, with no effect of disc cultivation. The findings reveal multiple benefits of reintegrating legume-rich leys into arable rotations as part of a strategy to regenerate soil quality and wheat crop health, reduce dependence on nitrogen fertilisers, enhance mycorrhization, and achieve good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Austen
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Tille
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Despina Berdeni
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Lappage
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ewan Marshall-Harries
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - H. Bleddyn Hughes
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Duncan D. Cameron
- The Institute for Sustainable Food at the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R. Leake
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Miazzi MM, Babay E, De Vita P, Montemurro C, Chaabane R, Taranto F, Mangini G. Comparative Genetic Analysis of Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars Widespread in Tunisia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:939609. [PMID: 35909756 PMCID: PMC9326505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) landraces constitute a useful natural germplasm to increase the genetic diversity in the modern durum cultivars. The Tunisian durum germplasm constitutes 28 accessions conserved in Genebank of Tunisia, which are still unexplored. In this study, a comparative genetic analysis was performed to investigate the relationships between the Tunisian durum lines and the modern cultivars and detect divergent loci involved in breeding history. The genetic diversity analyses carried out using nine morphological descriptors and the 25K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array allowed us to distinguish two groups of Tunisian landraces and one of durum cultivars. The analysis of molecular variance and diversity indices confirmed the genetic variability among the groups. A total of 529 SNP loci were divergent between Tunisian durum landraces and modern cultivars. Candidate genes related to plant and spike architecture, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT-B1), zinc finger CONSTANS, and AP2/EREBPs transcription factors, were identified. In addition, divergent genes involved in grain composition and biotic stress nucleotide-binding site and leucine-reach repeats proteins and disease resistance proteins (NBS-LRR and RPM) were found, suggesting that the Tunisian durum germplasm may represent an important source of favorable alleles to be used in future durum breeding programs for developing well-adapted and resilient cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marilena Miazzi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Section Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Elyes Babay
- National Gene Bank of Tunisia (BNG), Tunis, Tunisia
- Agricultural Applied Biotechnology Laboratory (LR16INRAT06), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), Section Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Spin Off Sinagri s.r.l., University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Support Unit Bari, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Ramzi Chaabane
- National Gene Bank of Tunisia (BNG), Tunis, Tunisia
- Agricultural Applied Biotechnology Laboratory (LR16INRAT06), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mangini
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Bari, Italy
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Abdullaeva Y, Ratering S, Ambika Manirajan B, Rosado-Porto D, Schnell S, Cardinale M. Domestication Impacts the Wheat-Associated Microbiota and the Rhizosphere Colonization by Seed- and Soil-Originated Microbiomes, Across Different Fields. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806915. [PMID: 35095978 PMCID: PMC8789879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The seed-transmitted microorganisms and the microbiome of the soil in which the plant grows are major drivers of the rhizosphere microbiome, a crucial component of the plant holobiont. The seed-borne microbiome can be even coevolved with the host plant as a result of adaptation and vertical transmission over generations. The reduced genome diversity and crossing events during domestication might have influenced plant traits that are important for root colonization by seed-borne microbes and also rhizosphere recruitment of microbes from the bulk soil. However, the impact of the breeding on seed-transmitted microbiome composition and the plant ability of microbiome selection from the soil remain unknown. Here, we analyzed both endorhiza and rhizosphere microbiome of two couples of genetically related wild and cultivated wheat species (Aegilops tauschii/Triticum aestivum and T. dicoccoides/T. durum) grown in three locations, using 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 metabarcoding, to assess the relative contribution of seed-borne and soil-derived microbes to the assemblage of the rhizosphere microbiome. We found that more bacterial and fungal ASVs are transmitted from seed to the endosphere of all species compared with the rhizosphere, and these transmitted ASVs were species-specific regardless of location. Only in one location, more microbial seed transmission occurred also in the rhizosphere of A. tauschii compared with other species. Concerning soil-derived microbiome, the most distinct microbial genera occurred in the rhizosphere of A. tauschii compared with other species in all locations. The rhizosphere of genetically connected wheat species was enriched with similar taxa, differently between locations. Our results demonstrate that host plant criteria for soil bank's and seed-originated microbiome recruitment depend on both plants' genotype and availability of microorganisms in a particular environment. This study also provides indications of coevolution between the host plant and its associated microbiome resulting from the vertical transmission of seed-originated taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Ratering
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - David Rosado-Porto
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Cardinale
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies – DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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