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Wang Y, Lim R, Larson K, Knab A, Fontecha D, Caverly S, Song J, Park C, Albertus P, Rubloff GW, Lee SB, Kozen AC. Chemical and Electrochemical Characterization of Hot-Pressed Li 6PS 5Cl Solid State Electrolyte: Operating Pressure-Invariant High Ionic Conductivity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400718. [PMID: 38840571 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Sulfide solid state electrolytes (SSE) are among the most promising materials in the effort to replace liquid electrolytes, largely due to their comparable ionic conductivities. Among the sulfide SSEs, Argyrodites (Li6PS5X, X=Cl, Br, I) further stand out due to their high theoretical ionic conductivity (~1×10-2 S cm-1) and interfacial stability against reactive metal anodes such as lithium. Generally, solid state electrolyte pellets are pressed from powder feedstock at room temperature, however, pellets fabricated by cold pressing consistently result in low bulk density and high porosity, facilitating interfacial degradation reactions and allowing dendrites to propagate through the pores and grain boundaries. Here, we demonstrate the mechanical and electrochemical implications of hot-pressing standalone LPSCl SSE pellets with near-theoretical ionic conductivity, superior cycling performance, and enhanced mechanical stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) analysis reveal no chemical changes to the Argyrodite surface after hot pressing up to 250 °C. Moreover, we use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to understand mechanical stability of Argyrodite SSE pellets as a function of externally applied pressure, demonstrating for the first time pressed standalone Argyrodite pellets with near-theoretical conductivities at external pressures below 14 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ryan Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Karl Larson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aidan Knab
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniela Fontecha
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Spencer Caverly
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Juhye Song
- Next Generation Battery R&D Center, SK on, Daejeon, 34124, South Korea
| | - Chanhwi Park
- Next Generation Battery R&D Center, SK on, Daejeon, 34124, South Korea
| | - Paul Albertus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gary W Rubloff
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexander C Kozen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Strauss F, Lin J, Karger L, Weber D, Brezesinski T. Probing the Lithium Substructure and Ionic Conductivity of the Solid Electrolyte Li 4PS 4I. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5885-5890. [PMID: 35384653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In search of high-performance solid electrolytes, various materials have been discovered in the past, approaching or even exceeding the ionic conductivity of conventional liquid electrolytes. Among the reported classes of superionic electrolytes for solid-state battery applications, lithium thiophosphates appear to be the most promising owing to their high ionic conductivity and mechanical softness. A recent example is the Li4PS4I phase (P4/nmm). Surprisingly, this material shows a comparatively low ionic conductivity at room temperature ranging from 10-4 to 10-5 S cm-1 despite having favorable structural characteristics. Because of discrepancies between experiment and theory regarding the Li-ion conductivity and polymorphism in Li4PS4I, we herein examine the crystal structure over a broad temperature range using ex situ and in situ X-ray and neutron powder diffraction techniques. We demonstrate the absence of polymorphic transitions, with a lithium redistribution at low temperatures though, and confirm the relatively poor room-temperature ionic conductivity despite the presence of a three-dimensional (3D) percolation network for facile charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Strauss
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jing Lin
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karger
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Torsten Brezesinski
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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