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Improta-Caria AC, Ferrari F, Gomes JLP, Villalta PB, Soci ÚPR, Stein R, Oliveira EM. Dysregulated microRNAs in type 2 diabetes and breast cancer: Potential associated molecular mechanisms. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1187-1198. [PMID: 38983808 PMCID: PMC11229979 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifaceted and heterogeneous syndrome associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and notably, breast cancer (BC). The connection between T2D and BC is established through processes that involve insulin resistance, inflammation and other factors. Despite this comprehension the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms linking T2D to BC, especially through microRNAs (miRNAs), remain elusive. miRNAs are regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have the function of regulating target genes by modulating various signaling pathways and biological processes. However, the signaling pathways and biological processes regulated by miRNAs that are associated with T2D and BC have not yet been elucidated. This review aims to identify dysregulated miRNAs in both T2D and BC, exploring potential signaling pathways and biological processes that collectively contribute to the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Filipe Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - João Lucas Penteado Gomes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Paloma Brasilio Villalta
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders (Labdime), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13484-350, Brazil
| | - Úrsula Paula Renó Soci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035003, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, United States
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Ali G, Ijaz K, Ihsan M, Usama M, Naqvi SMSA. Mastopexy for secretory carcinoma of breast in a young female: a case report. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjae351. [PMID: 38863959 PMCID: PMC11165312 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjae351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Secretory carcinoma, a triple-negative benign tumor, is one of the rarest malignancies of the breast which rarely metastasizes. Surgical excision via lumpectomy or mastectomy is the mainstay of treatment, but in young patients, mastopexy can be a better option cosmetically. A 26-year-old woman presented with a lump in her right breast that, on ultrasonography, was revealed to be a multi lobulated solid lesion measuring 25 × 16 mm2 in the retro areolar region at a 4 o'clock position. It turned out to be secretory carcinoma of the breast in a tru-cut biopsy. Vertical Mastopexy was opted for the removal and simultaneous reconstruction of the breast, which was followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Vertical mastopexy showed that the tumor was removed, and the breast was restored to its original form simultaneously. This procedure gave better results clinically and cosmetically. The patient had an uneventful recovery and is on a regular follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ijaz
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mishal Ihsan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Evsei A, Birceanu-Corobea AL, Ghita M, Copca N. Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast with Apocrine Differentiation-A Peculiar Entity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:924. [PMID: 38929541 PMCID: PMC11205933 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Secretory carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon histological subtype of breast cancer. There is little research on this entity and only a few larger studies, which lack consensus. We aim to report a particular apocrine differentiation in this subtype and ponder upon the clinical outcome of this case. Case presentation: We report the case of a 72-year-old female patient who presented to our hospital with a suspicious breast tumor. Core biopsy and mastectomy showed a low-grade breast carcinoma, a secretory subtype with apocrine differentiation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed both the secretory nature and the apocrine nature of the tumor cells. Surgical excision was considered curative and the patient is under long-term surveillance for any recurrences. Conclusions: There is very little research on the clinical behavior of secretory carcinomas with apocrine differentiation. The clinical outcome is unknown and, unfortunately, besides surgery, no other adjuvant treatments have shown efficacy. Further studies on long-term clinical progression are required for this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Evsei
- Department of Pathology, Saint Mary Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathoteam Diagnostic, Pathology Laboratory, 051923 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Lucretia Birceanu-Corobea
- Department of Pathology, Saint Mary Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathoteam Diagnostic, Pathology Laboratory, 051923 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Ghita
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Narcis Copca
- Department of Surgery II, Saint Mary Clinical Hospital, 011192 Bucharest, Romania
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Sanli AN, Tekcan Sanli DE, Altundag MK, Aydogan F. Secretory Carcinoma of Breast: A Population-Based Study. Am Surg 2024; 90:252-260. [PMID: 37648259 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231199174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the characteristic features and survival of secretory carcinoma of the breast (SCB), which is one of the rare malignant tumors of the breast. METHODS Data of patients with histopathological diagnosis of SCB between 2010 and 2019 were extracted from the SEER database. These patients were evaluated in terms of age, race, molecular subtype, grade, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 receptor, TNM stage, surgical status, chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) of the whole population and subgroups [in terms of surgery procedure (mastectomy/breast-conserving surgery), and hormone receptor status (positive/negative)] were analyzed. RESULTS 70 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 57 years (range 2-82). 32.9% of the patients were diagnosed under the age of 50. 97.1% of the patients were female; 2.9% were male. The vast majority of patients were white race (81.4%). Although the rates of localization were higher in the upper outer quadrant (31.4%), centrally located tumors (18.5%) were also quite common. The most frequently detected molecular subtype was hormone positive/HER2 negative. All patients were non-metastatic, 81.4% of patients did not have lymph node metastases, and most of the patients were stage IA. Median follow-up was 37 months (range 0-118 months). Considering all patients, OS was 76.3%, 5-year OS was 91.8%, and BCSS was 88%, 5-year BCSS was 97.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in OS and BCSS according to subgroups (P > .01). CONCLUSION SCB, a rare histopathologic type, has high OS and BCSS rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Necati Sanli
- Department of General Surgery, Abdulkadir Yuksel State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | | | - Fatih Aydogan
- Breast Health Center, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
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Wu Z, Liao M, Li H, Huang S, Liang X, Chen B, Zhang G, Yang Y, Xu X. Multimodal ultrasonic manifestations of secretory carcinoma of the breast. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024; 87:367-373. [PMID: 38393895 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Secretory carcinoma of the breast (SCB) is a rare and specific type of breast cancer. Owing to its rarity, the number of SCB reports available is limited, with most of them focusing on clinical and pathological characteristics but no reports on its multimodal ultrasound (US) features. Thus, we present a rare case of SCB, retrospectively analyzing manifestations of US and contrast-enhanced US, as well as its pathological basis, aiming to enhance the understanding of US image features of SCB and provide more valuable information for clinical diagnosis. Moreover, the treatment strategy adopted for this patient may serve as a template for future management of SCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Manli Liao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huajuan Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shengchao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Department of Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Carlet F, Kirova Y, Djerroudi L. [Rare tumours of the breast]. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:759-767. [PMID: 37925348 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumours are the most common tumours in women but represent a very heterogeneous group. On the one hand, there are ductal and lobular carcinomas of the breast, representing 90% of tumours, whose clinicopathologic characteristics are well known. On the other hand, there are rare breast tumours, each of which represents less than 1% that limits their study through large cohorts. The objective of this work was to collect, update and synthesize knowledge on these rare tumours. A literature review was performed on the Medline and Google Scholar databases. We present here a selection of several rare tumours, providing updated data at the epidemiological, histopathological, genetic, clinical and radiographic, prognostic and therapeutic levels, taking into account the place of radiotherapy. Each tumour histology is unique and has its own characteristics, the management must therefore be adapted as much as possible and decided in a multidisciplinary meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Carlet
- Département de radiothérapie, CHU de Saint-Étienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Y Kirova
- Département d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Djerroudi
- Département de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, institut Curie, Paris, France
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Thomas A, Reis-Filho JS, Geyer CE, Wen HY. Rare subtypes of triple negative breast cancer: Current understanding and future directions. NPJ Breast Cancer 2023; 9:55. [PMID: 37353557 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-023-00554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare subtypes of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are a heterogenous group of tumors, comprising 5-10% of all TNBCs. Despite accounting for an absolute number of cases in aggregate approaching that of other less common, but well studied solid tumors, rare subtypes of triple-negative disease remain understudied. Low prevalence, diagnostic challenges and overlapping diagnoses have hindered consistent categorization of these breast cancers. Here we review epidemiology, histology and clinical and molecular characteristics of metaplastic, triple-negative lobular, apocrine, adenoid cystic, secretory and high-grade neuroendocrine TNBCs. Medullary pattern invasive ductal carcinoma no special type, which until recently was a considered a distinct subtype, is also discussed. With this background, we review how applying biological principals often applied to study TNBC no special type could improve our understanding of rare TNBCs. These could include the utilization of targeted molecular approaches or disease agnostic tools such as tumor mutational burden or germline mutation-directed treatments. Burgeoning data also suggest that pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy and circulating tumor DNA have value in understanding rare subtypes of TNBC. Finally, we discuss a framework for advancing disease-specific knowledge in this space. While the conduct of randomized trials in rare TNBC subtypes has been challenging, re-envisioning trial design and technologic tools may offer new opportunities. These include embedding rare TNBC subtypes in umbrella studies of rare tumors, retrospective review of contemporary trials, prospective identification of patients with rare TNBC subtypes entering on clinical trials and querying big data for outcomes of patients with rare breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles E Geyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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MAZELLIER S, GHARBI M, PATE M, CHENARD MP, BRUANT-RODIER C, JANNIER S, AME S, LODI M, MATHELIN C. Surgical management of secretory breast carcinoma in children. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CANCER: CASE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpccr.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
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Lei T, Yang Y, Shi Y, Deng X, Peng Y, Wang H, Chen T. Clinicopathological features and genomic profiles of a group of secretory breast carcinomas in which progressive cases have more complex genomic features. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:101. [PMID: 36585729 PMCID: PMC9805283 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) is a rare malignant breast neoplasm with distinct histological features, including solid, microcystic, tubular, and rarely papillary structures, traditionally characterized by a t (12;15) (p13:q25) translocation, which usually leads to ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, suggesting an early event in tumorigenesis. Due to the rarity of this disease, very few genome sequencing studies have been performed on a series of cases, especially progressive cases. METHODS Seven lesions from 5 patients diagnosed at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from 2007 to 2021 were included. Clinicopathological features and prognosis/survival data were collected. Next-generation DNA sequencing was performed on six of the seven lesions. RESULTS In total, 3/7 (42.9%) lesions demonstrated estrogen receptor (ER) expression, including weak, moderate to strong staining, and no lesion demonstrated progesterone receptor (PR) expression. There were no cases of human epidermal growth factor (HER2) overexpression, and the Ki-67 index was low. S-100 and pan-TRK protein were diffusely positively expressed in all cases. All lesions were characterized by a t(12;15) (p13:q25) translocation, leading to ETV6-NTRK3 fusion confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The sequencing results showed that ETV6-NTRK3 fusion was the main driver of early tumorigenesis, while SBC with invasive biological behavior had more complex genomic variation in which TERT promoter mutation was detected. CONCLUSIONS Immunohistochemical staining of a biomarker panel, including ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, S-100 and pan-TRK, can be used as an auxiliary diagnostic tool, and FISH detection can be used as a diagnostic tool. ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion involving multiple sites may drive tumorigenesis, while mutations in the TERT promoter region may be a factor driving tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lei
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
| | - Xu Deng
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
| | - Tongbing Chen
- grid.452253.70000 0004 1804 524XDepartment of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003 P.R. China
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Fu H, He Y, Sun Q. A rare case of secretory breast carcinoma. Asian J Surg 2022; 45:2973-2974. [PMID: 35798601 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Fu
- Department of Pathology Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital Yiwu Zhejiang, 322000, PR China.
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital Yiwu Zhejiang, 322000, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital Yiwu Zhejiang, 322000, PR China
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11
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Min N, Zhu J, Liu M, Li X. Advancement of secretory breast carcinoma: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1178. [PMID: 36467350 PMCID: PMC9708487 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Secretory breast carcinoma (SBC) is a rare breast malignancy. Most available studies on SBC are case reports or small case series, and the few large-sample studies available lack critical information due to database limitations. To improve the understanding of SBC and provide a reference for clinical practice, we systematically reviewed the demographic, clinical, pathologic, and genetic characteristics of SBC, as well as its treatment and prognosis. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search with the keywords "secretory breast carcinoma" or "juvenile breast carcinoma". Relevant English-language publications published from January 1966 to February 2022 were screened manually at 3 levels-title, abstract, and full text-to identify the articles that presented the demographic, clinical, pathologic, and genetic characteristics of SBC, as well as its treatment and prognosis. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS SBC lacks specific clinical manifestations and has typical pathological and molecular characteristics, including intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic secretions, immune spectrum similar to hormone receptor-positive tumors, and the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene. Surgery remains the primary treatment for SBC. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended by most researchers for adult SBC but not for pediatric patients. The evidence of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy is insufficient, and targeted therapy of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene shows a good response. Most patients with SBC have a good prognosis except for a few patients who experience distant metastases. Future studies will be focused on the molecular characteristics of those patients with SBC who have a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The development of histopathology and molecular genetics has promoted the progress of the clinical diagnosis of SBC. The purpose of this review is to serve as a guide for the better clinical treatment of SBC, particularly in the areas of disease identification and prognosis classification for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Min
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiru Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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The genomic profile of double primary secretory breast carcinoma in one patient provides evidence for the treatment of such carcinoma: a case report. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:154006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Grinman DY, Boras-Granic K, Takyar FM, Dann P, Hens JR, Marmol C, Lee J, Choi J, Chodosh LA, Sola MEG, Wysolmerski JJ. PTHrP induces STAT5 activation, secretory differentiation and accelerates mammary tumor development. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:30. [PMID: 35440032 PMCID: PMC9020078 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is required for embryonic breast development and has important functions during lactation, when it is produced by alveolar epithelial cells and secreted into the maternal circulation to mobilize skeletal calcium used for milk production. PTHrP is also produced by breast cancers, and GWAS studies suggest that it influences breast cancer risk. However, the exact functions of PTHrP in breast cancer biology remain unsettled. METHODS We developed a tetracycline-regulated, MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-driven model of PTHrP overexpression in mammary epithelial cells (Tet-PTHrP mice) and bred these mice with the MMTV-PyMT (polyoma middle tumor-antigen) breast cancer model to analyze the impact of PTHrP overexpression on normal mammary gland biology and in breast cancer progression. RESULTS Overexpression of PTHrP in luminal epithelial cells caused alveolar hyperplasia and secretory differentiation of the mammary epithelium with milk production. This was accompanied by activation of Stat5 and increased expression of E74-like factor-5 (Elf5) as well as a delay in post-lactation involution. In MMTV-PyMT mice, overexpression of PTHrP (Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice) shortened tumor latency and accelerated tumor growth, ultimately reducing overall survival. Tumors overproducing PTHrP also displayed increased expression of nuclear pSTAT5 and Elf5, increased expression of markers of secretory differentiation and milk constituents, and histologically resembled secretory carcinomas of the breast. Overexpression of PTHrP within cells isolated from tumors, but not PTHrP exogenously added to cell culture media, led to activation of STAT5 and milk protein gene expression. In addition, neither ablating the Type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R) in epithelial cells nor treating Tet-PTHrP;PyMT mice with an anti-PTH1R antibody prevented secretory differentiation or altered tumor latency. These data suggest that PTHrP acts in a cell-autonomous, intracrine manner. Finally, expression of PTHrP in human breast cancers is associated with expression of genes involved in milk production and STAT5 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PTHrP promotes pathways leading to secretory differentiation and proliferation in both normal mammary epithelial cells and in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Y Grinman
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA.
| | - Kata Boras-Granic
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Farzin M Takyar
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | - Julie R Hens
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
| | | | - Jongwon Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lewis A Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perlman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin E Garcia Sola
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - John J Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, TAC S120, Box 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA
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